Place of Groundnut in the Cropping System, Constraints, Local Taxonomy and Farmers' Criteria for Characterizing Groundnut Cultivars in Niger

The groundnut is a leguminous, olea-proteaginous, cultivated in all the tropical zones throughout the world. In Niger, groundnut is used both as a cash and food crop and is highly valued for its nutritional and economic qualities. In order to show the local diversity of groundnut and its place in the cultivation system in Niger, a prospecting survey and seed collection was conducted in the regions of Zinder, Maradi, Tahoua and Dosso, which account for more than 90% of the national production. Two hundred and seventeen (217) producers were surveyed, using a quota-oriented technic. It emerged from this study that groundnut is generally grown pure or in association with cereals (millet, sorghum) or other legumes (cowpea, sorrel, sesame). Few producers know the varieties they use (55 437, RRB, JL 24, FLEUR 11); the rest only know the local names of the varieties (El Laray, El Haoussa, MargaMarga, El Dakar, Mai Silbi, Garangagia, Bahaoussa, El Masar, Tsougouné, El Arba'in). This denomination depends on the origin of the variety, its morphology and earliness. The seeds are generally sold or used for transformation and the leaves are also either sold or kept for animals. Haulms are mostly given to animals during the dry season. The prices of haulms and seeds are higher during the same period and therefore vary according the periods. Producers cited several constraints related to groundnut production which are Insufficient fertilizer, diseases and insect pests, insufficient rainfall, and problem of seeds quality.

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Integrated nutrition management in pigeon pea intercropping systems for enhancing production and productivity in sustainable manner– A review

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i4.1501 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 2143-2151 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Narendra Kumawat ◽

Rakesh Kumar ◽

Jagdeesh Morya ◽

I.S. Tomar ◽

R. S. Meena

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Management Practices ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Cropping System ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Total Production ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

The World

India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world accounting for about 29 per cent of the world area and 19 per cent of the world’s production. In order to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses, the projected requirement by the year 2025 is estimated at 27.5 MT. To meet this requirement, the productivity needs to be enhanced to 1000 kg/ha, and an additional area of about 3-4 Mha has to be brought under pulses besides reducing post-harvest losses. This uphill task has to be accomplished under more severe production constraints, especially abiotic stresses, abrupt climatic changes, emergence of new species/ strains of insect-pests and diseases, and in-creasing deficiency of secondary and micronutrients in the soil. This requires a two-pronged proactive strategy, i.e. improving per unit productivity and reducing cost of production. The yield levels of pulses have remained low and stagnant, also area and total production. Among the pulses pigeon pea is second most important grain-legumes and major constraints in pigeon pea production is mostly grown in grown on marginal lands under rainfed agriculture and without nutrient management, hence are prone to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is essential for higher production and productivity of pigeon pea, use of high yielding varieties which suitable for intercrop as well as sole cropping system with best nutrient management practices.

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An Old Pest, a New Solution

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.5367/000000005774378793 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alan Cork ◽

Malcolm J. Iles ◽

Nazira Q. Kamal ◽

J.C. Saha Choudhury ◽

M. Mahbub Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Cropping System ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Mass Trapping ◽

Economic Returns ◽

Collaborative Project ◽

Field School ◽

High Yielding Varieties

Bangladesh is essentially self-sufficient in rice as a result of the successful adoption of new high-yielding varieties and irrigated summer production over traditional deep-water cultivation practices. The sustainability of the cropping system depends on farmers adopting integrated pest management (IPM) practices in preference to relying solely on insecticides for pest and disease control. Yet insecticide consumption in rice is increasing, in common with other crop-production systems in Bangladesh. It is probably only the poor economic returns from rice cultivation that prevent more widespread use of pesticides. Enlightened agrochemical companies such as Syngenta Bangladesh Limited have recognized that insecticide use in rice should be discouraged, and promote IPM options through their farmer field school (FFS) programme. This paper describes the results of a collaborative project to assist Syngenta to develop and incorporate mass trapping with sex pheromones into their FFS programme as an environmentally benign method of controlling the predominant insect pests of rice, stem borers.

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Thinking honeyeater: nectar maps for the Northern Territory, Australia

Pacific Conservation Biology ◽

10.1071/pc000061 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

John C. Z. Woinarski ◽

Greg Connors ◽

Don C. Franklin

Keyword(s):

Northern Territory ◽

Dry Season ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Wet Season ◽

Nectar Production ◽

The World ◽

Eucalypt Forests ◽

The Times ◽

Species Specific ◽

Nectar Availability

We create monthly maps of nectar availability for the 1.4 x 106 km2 jurisdiction of the Northern Territory, Australia. These are based on a combination of vegetation mapping and a series of indices of plant species specific nectar scoring. The maps reveal complex spatial and temporal variation in nectar availability, but most notably a greater nectar resource in the monsoon-influenced north than in the arid south, and a peak in nectar availability in the dry season. The latter is associated with the extensive tropical eucalypt forests (especially those co-dominated by Eucalyptus miniata and E. tetrodonta). In contrast, wet season nectar availability in these forests is limited, but riparian and swampland forests, typically dominated by Melaleuca species, provide rich but spatially restricted nectar resources. The extensive and rich nectar resources available in eucalypt forests in the dry season supplement the diets of many species which are not primarily nectarivorous. This resource helps shape the singularity of northern Australian eucalypt forests relative to other extensive forests elsewhere in the world. Nectarivores remain in the system through a combination of movements across a number of scales, habitat shifting, and diet shifting. The latter is aided by the peaking of invertebrate and fruit resources at the times of minimum nectar production; a shuffling in resource availability brought about by the extreme climatic seasonality.

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Big-eged bugs Geocoris: Diets research and potential of use in prevention of a number of insect pests in Vietnam

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.en.9.1.353.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 70-77

Author(s):

Nguyen Ngoc Bao Chau ◽

Le Thuy To Nhu

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Host Plant ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Short Review ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Research Attention ◽

Perennial Crops ◽

The World ◽

Agriculture Development

Big-eyed bugs Geocoris spp. (Lygaeidae, Hemiptera) are small insects that is found in many parts of the world. They are beneficial because they eat a multitude of insect pests in agriculture. Big-eyed bugs Geocoris spp. are insects that receive research attention in Florida and elsewhere because of the benefits that this species give to plants (Mead, 2001). Big-eyed bugs reproduce many generations in a year on weeds, perennial crops, bushes. In spring the female big-eyed bugs start laying eggs on the bud, the leaves of the host plant. Understanding the biology and the role of predator Geocoris spp. in ecosystem will provide an alternative method in sustainable agriculture development. In this short review, we discuss some convenient diets for the application of mass rearing Geocoris spp.

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Novel strategies for italian cherries developement and commercialization

Italus Hortus ◽

10.26353/j.itahort/2019.1.118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Roberto Della Casa ◽

Francesco Mattioli

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Middle Age ◽

Age Groups ◽

Domestic Market ◽

Young Age ◽

The World ◽

National Production ◽

English Speaking ◽

English Speaking World ◽

Non Destructive

For the benefit of a younger audience, the cherry can be further enhanced by freeing it from the fruit group and allowing it to become part of the world of desserts and special treats. On the contrary, the localisms, traditions, and seasonality which characterize much of the national production can be further emphasized for the middle age and the “differently young” age groups, especially for the domestic market. Common to these diverse strategies is the need for high performance varieties linked to a structured sales season and non-destructive sorting with the use of the latest technologies to guarantee what the English-speaking world calls “consistent quality” and what we could rename “quality that lives up to our promises.”

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Production Determinants of the Pearl Millet Cropping System in Uganda and Implications to Productivity

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n7p97 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

G. Lubadde ◽

P. Tongoona ◽

J. Derera ◽

J. Sibiya

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Household Head ◽

Cropping System ◽

High Yield ◽

Production Environment ◽

Stay Green ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Rust Diseases ◽

Financial Credit

<p>Pearl millet is an important crop for people living in semi-arid areas in Uganda but not much is known about its production environment. A survey was conducted in eastern and northern regions of Uganda to characterise the pearl millet cropping system and to identify the most important production determinants. Using questionnaires, data was collected from 160 households through face-to-face interviews with the respondents. Results showed that pearl millet was mainly grown for food and source of income. The production environment was low input as farmers planted unimproved genotypes, used no artificial chemicals or manure, and had minimal access to financial credit and agricultural trainings or extension services. Planting was done in the second rains with no optimal use of important resources like family labour and seed due to seed broadcasting. Farmers desired genotypes with traits such as; stay green, being tall, high tillering, high yield, early maturity and being ergot resistant. The most important constraints were ergot and rust diseases susceptibility, low yield, low tillering, late maturity, sterile panicles, rodents, moulds/rotting and insect pests; while lack of market, low prices and price fluctuation were the important market constraints. Results further showed that farmers lacked knowledge about the common diseases like rust and ergot. The area planted, spouse age and years of pearl millet cultivation were the important factors enhancing production while age of household head, amount of seed planted and distance to the market negatively affected grain yield.</p>

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Insights into the Toxicity and Degradation Mechanisms of Imidacloprid Via Physicochemical and Microbial Approaches

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics8030065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Shimei Pang ◽

Ziqiu Lin ◽

Yuming Zhang ◽

Wenping Zhang ◽

Nasser Alansary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Point Of View ◽

Emerging Contaminant ◽

Human Beings ◽

Degradation Mechanisms ◽

The World ◽

Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Control Insect

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that has been widely used to control insect pests in agricultural fields for decades. It shows insecticidal activity mainly by blocking the normal conduction of the central nervous system in insects. However, in recent years, imidacloprid has been reported to be an emerging contaminant in all parts of the world, and has different toxic effects on a variety of non-target organisms, including human beings, due to its large-scale use. Hence, the removal of imidacloprid from the ecosystem has received widespread attention. Different remediation approaches have been studied to eliminate imidacloprid residues from the environment, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, adsorption, ultrasound, illumination, and biodegradation. In nature, microbial degradation is one of the most important processes controlling the fate of and transformation from imidacloprid use, and from an environmental point of view, it is the most promising means, as it is the most effective, least hazardous, and most environmentally friendly. To date, several imidacloprid-degrading microbes, including Bacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas, Mycobacterium, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, and Stenotrophomonas, have been characterized for biodegradation. In addition, previous studies have found that many insects and microorganisms have developed resistance genes to and degradation enzymes of imidacloprid. Furthermore, the metabolites and degradation pathways of imidacloprid have been reported. However, reviews of the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are rare. In this review, the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are summarized in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the remediation of imidacloprid-contaminated environments.

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The competitiveness of the national economy: energy-related aspects

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015704020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 157 ◽

pp. 04020

Author(s):

Eleonora Matuygina ◽

Tatiana Rumyantseva ◽

Anastasiya Klabukova

Keyword(s):

Performance Indicators ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

World Market ◽

Total Consumption ◽

The World ◽

National Production ◽

National Economies ◽

The Relationship ◽

Existing Structure

The aim of the paper is to assess the competitiveness of national production in terms of its resources and energy supply. The authors present the dynamics of energy intensity of some countries and regions of the world and consider the relationship between the level of energy intensity and the competitiveness of national economies. Based on this relationship, countries are grouped depending on the type of the performance indicators of economies. Alternative energy is presented as a tool for improving efficiency of existing industries and for ensuring countries’ position in the world market. The increase in the share of renewable energy in total consumption served as a basis for studying experience of various countries in regulating the development of alternative energy followed by a grouping of methods. The paper analyses both methods associated with the positioning of alternative energy and its incorporation into the existing structure and methods aimed at stimulating the development of alternative energy.

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Adaptability of Naked Barley Landraces in Mountain Agro-ecosystem of Nepal

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnarc.v5i1.22064 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 34-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krishna Hari Ghimire ◽

Bal Krishna Joshi ◽

Rita Gurung ◽

Epsha Palikhey ◽

Niranjan Pudasaini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Season ◽

Cropping System ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Food Crop ◽

Mountain Regions ◽

Important Food ◽

Naked Barley ◽

Seed Supply ◽

Barley Landraces ◽

Production Area

Naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum L.) is an important food crop in mountain regions of Nepal, however, its production area and genetic diversity is known to be shrinking fast. One of the reasons could be the poor productivity. To improve the productivity of crops, it is essential that new site-specific, high-yielding and widely adopted varietal options for farmers should be developed for sustainability. To identify the varietal responses to environment, multi-location testing is one of the main tools. Following this, we evaluated agronomic performance of eight naked barley landraces collected from five different locations of Nepal with altitude ranging from 1370 to 2500 meter elevations from the sea level during the winter season of 2014/15 in order to assess the landraces adaptability across different locations. Combined analysis of variances revealed that NGRC02306, NGRC04902 and NGRC04894 were the high yielding landraces. The landrace namely NGRC04894 was found the most stable genotype with better adaptability to all tested environments whereas NGRC02306 and NGRC04902 were high yielding landraces adapted to high yielding environment namely Khumaltar. However, the lower yielding landrace NGRC02327 was the earliest and could be preferred by farmers as its maturity allows it to fit better in the rice based cropping system. Our study showed that these landraces need to be verified further in farmers’ fields and the release of one or more of them would help to diversify the genetic base of naked barley varieties in the seed supply system.

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