scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Aerial Parts of Euphorbia hirta L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Deepak Basyal ◽  
Astha Neupane ◽  
Durga Prasad Pandey ◽  
Shiva Pandeya
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Euphorbia hirta L (Euphorbiaceae) also called asthma herb has long been prescribed in traditional medicine because it exhibits diverse pharmacological actions due to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids, and saponins. The present study is aimed at the study of phytochemical and antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory screening of E. hirta. Extraction of dried powder was performed followed by phytochemical screening using color reactions. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride method respectively. The antioxidant activity was studied by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method.  Anti-inflammatory activity was studied by using protein denaturation in vitro bioassay. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity (IC50) of the extract were found as 288.10 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram (GAE/g), 29.36 mg quercetin equivalent per gram (QE/g) and 32.23 µg/mL (p<0.05) respectively. Diclofenac sodium and E. hirta extract showed the maximum inhibition of 91.28% and 68.20% respectively at the concentration of 1000 µg/mL compared with control (p>0.05). The phenolic compounds and flavonoids exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities because of their scavenging ability. The demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities may be the rationale behind some of its folkloric uses and also may be responsible for some of its pharmacological effects. Thus, E. hirta can be considered a good source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory actions, which might be beneficial for combating oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the In Vitro Wound-Healing Activity and Phytochemical Characterization of Propolis and Honey

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Afonso ◽  
Joana Gonçalves ◽  
Ângelo Luís ◽  
Eugenia Gallardo ◽  
Ana Paula Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Assay ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

Honey and propolis are natural substances produced by Apis mellifera that contain flavonoids, phenolic acids, and several other phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to phytochemically characterize three different types of honey and propolis, both separately and mixed, and to evaluate their wound-healing activity. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu’s and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by both the DPPH free radical scavenging assay and β-carotene bleaching test, and the anti-inflammatory activity was determined by a protein denaturation method. To evaluate the wound-healing activity of the samples, NHDF cells were subjected to a wound scratch assay. The obtained results showed that dark-brown honey presents a higher concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as well as higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Propolis samples had the highest concentrations in bioactive compounds. Examining the microscopic images, it was possible to verify that the samples promote cell migration, demonstrating the wound-healing potential of honey and propolis.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Quisqualis indica Linn. Leaves Extract

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pallavi Pal ◽  
Ajeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aim: In this study antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Quisqualis indica leaves was evaluated. Study Design: In-vitro analysis of Quisqualis indica leaf extract. Place and Duration of Study: Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, G.B Pant Engineering College, Pauri, between July 2015 and July 2016. Methods: Non-enzymatic and enzymatic assays such as DPPH (1, 1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl), FRAP assay, superoxide dismutase SOD (EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), for radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extracts of Quisqualis indica Linn. plant leaves had done. For estimation of anti-inflammatory action, two methods were employed: protein denaturation method and membrane stabilization method. Results: Ethanolic extract of leaves on higher concentration had better antioxidant potential when compared with reference standard ascorbic acid. They exhibited strong antioxidant radical scavenging activity values for ethanolic extract of leaves. Results of anti-inflammatory method suggested better potential values for ethanolic extract and compared with standard drug diclofenac sodium respectively. A significant relationship between antioxidant, anti-inflammatory capacity and total phenolic content was examined, indicating that phenolic compounds are the major contributors for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of this plant. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Q. indica exhibited strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and this can be used for designing novel drug inhibitors with better efficacy.

scholarly journals Honeybee Pollen Extracts Reduce Oxidative Stress and Steatosis in Hepatic Cells

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Juan Esteban Oyarzún ◽  
Marcelo E. Andia ◽  
Sergio Uribe ◽  
Paula Núñez Pizarro ◽  
Gabriel Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Quercetin Concentration

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Additional therapies using functional foods and dietary supplements have been investigated and used in clinical practice, showing them to be beneficial. Honeybee pollen from Chile has shown a large concentration of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity. In this work, we characterized twenty-eight bee pollen extracts from the central zone of Chile according to botanical origin, phenolic profile, quercetin concentration, and antioxidant activity (FRAP and ORAC-FL). Our results show a statistically significant positive correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Selected samples were evaluated on the ability to reverse the steatosis in an in vitro cell model using Hepa1-6 cells. The pollen extracts protected Hepa1-6 cells against oxidative damage triggered by 2,2′-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)derived free radicals. This effect can be credited to the ability of the phenolic compounds present in the extract to protect the liver cells from chemical-induced injury, which might be correlated to their free radical scavenging potential. Additionally, bee pollen extracts reduce lipid accumulation in a cellular model of steatosis. In summary, our results support the antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-steatosis effect of bee pollen in an in vitro model.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Argania spinosa and Olea europaea Leaf Phenolic Compounds and their Antioxidant Activity

Botanica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Aziza Lfitat ◽  
Hind Zejli ◽  
Abdelkamel Bousselham ◽  
Yassine El Atki ◽  
Badiaa Lyoussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content

AbstractWe conducted this study to determine and compare the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the argan and olive leaves as well as their antioxidant capacity in aqueous, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracted fractions. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated in comparison with synthetic antioxidants by assessing DPPH• radical scavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, scavenging ability by inhibiting the β-carotene/linoleic acid emulsion oxidation, and by the ABTS radical scavenging activity assay. Total phenolic content in argan samples ranged from 221.69 ± 2.07 to 1.32 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW and in olive samples from 144.61 ± 0.82 to 1.21 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g DW. Total flavonoids content in argan samples varied from 267.37 ± 1.12 to 25.48 ± 0.02 mg QE/g DW, while in olives from 96.06 ± 0.78 to 10.63 ± 0.05 mg QE/g DW. In vitro antioxidant studies strongly confirmed the antioxidant potency of argan and olive leaves and their richness in secondary metabolites that are effective in free radicals scavenging and metal chelating capacities, indicating their antioxidant power.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, and Phytosterol Composition of Seed Oil and Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Fresh Seeds from Three Dalbergia Species Grown in Vietnam

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Thi Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Lan Phuong Doan ◽  
Thu Huong Trinh Thi ◽  
Hong Ha Tran ◽  
Quoc Long Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Sterol Composition ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Assay ◽  
Phytosterol Composition

This research aimed to investigate the chemical composition of seed oils extracted from three Vietnamese Dalbergia species (D. tonkinensis, D. mammosa, and D. entadoides). The fatty acid profiles and contents of tocopherols and sterols of the seed oils, and total phenolic compounds extracted from the fresh seeds were characterized using different methods. Among the examined samples, D. tonkinensis seed oils showed high contents of linoleic acid (64.7%), whereas in D. mammosa, oleic acid (51.2%) was predominant. In addition, α- and γ-tocopherol and β-sitosterol were major ingredients in the seed oils, whereas ferulic acid and rosmarinic acid are usually predominant in the seeds of these species. Regarding sterol composition, the D. entadoides seed oil figured for remarkably high content of Δ5,23-stigmastadienol (1735 mg/kg) and Δ7-stigmastenol (1298 mg/kg). In addition, extracts with methanol/water (80:20, v/v) of seeds displayed significant in vitro antioxidant activity which was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay.

scholarly journals Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) sebagai Antioksidan dan Antiinflamasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
Yupi Yulianita Arifin ◽  
Dimas Andrianto ◽  
Didah Nur Faridah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Belimbing wuluh merupakan tanaman jenis buah dan obat tradisional. Tanaman belimbing wuluh sudah sering dimanfaatkan masyarakat salah satunya untuk mengobati penyakit seperti batuk dan radang rektum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji senyawa fitokimia, menganalisis kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid, serta aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi secara in vitro pada ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi daun belimbing wuluh, skrining fitokimia, perhitungan total fenol dan flavonoid, uji aktivitas antioksidan, dan uji aktivitas antiinflamasi. Senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung pada ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh adalah saponin, tanin, steroid, flavonoid, dan alkaloid. Kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh secara berturut-turut sebesar 39,03 dan 97,28 µg QE/mg. Ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tergolong sangat kuat, sementara aktivitas antiinflamasinya terutama ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi ekstrak 200 µg/ ml, memiliki nilai persen inhibisi hemolisis yang paling tinggi. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh dapat menjadi salah satu sumber antioksidan dan antiinflamasi alami.Ethanol Extracts of Averrhoa Bilimbi Leaf Demonstrated Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory ActivityAbstractAverrhoa bilimbi, a fruit-bearing plant, has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes such as treatment of cough and rectal inflammation. In this current work, ethanol extract of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf was analyzed, with regard to phytochemical composition, i.e. total phenolic, and flavonoid, antioxidant activity, and in vitro antiinflammation activity. Extraction of carambola leaves, phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid contens, assay of antioxidant activity, and assay of anti-inflammatory activity were done in this research. As a result, the leaf extract positively contained some phytochemical compounds, i.e. saponin, tannin, steroid, flavonoid, and alkaloid. Furthermore, total phenolic and flavonoid of the leaf extract was found at 39.03 and 97.28 µg QE/mg extract, respectively. Additionally, antioxidant activity of the leaf extract was classified as very strong, while its anti-inflammatory feature at extract concentration of 200 µg/ml exhibited the highest inhibition of hemolysis. In summary, the ability of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf ethanol extracts to act as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents was determined and this may open the use for natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

scholarly journals In vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and qualitative phytochemical evaluation of the Phytexponent preparation of selected plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervason Moriasi ◽  
Elias Nelson ◽  
Epaphrodite Twahirwa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Oxidative stress is a critical etiologic factor and driver of inflammatory responses, witnessed in chronic and persistent conditions. The current anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with detrimental effects, high dependence, high costs, inaccessibility, among other drawbacks; therefore, a need for alternatives is imperative. Despite the remarkable potential of medicinal plants, there are scanty empirical studies on their pharmacologic efficacy. The Phytexponent is an alcoholic polyherbal preparation of Allium sativum, Triticum repens, Echinacea purpurea, Viola tricolor and Matricaria chamomilla. In complementary medicine, the Phytexponent is used to boost immunity, to treat inflammatory disorders, oxidative stress, blood pressure, diabetes, stress/depression, among other conditions. However, there is no sufficient scientific data to support these healing claims. Therefore, in the current study evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and qualitative phytochemical composition of the Phytexponent. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using the inhibition of protein denaturation and the human erythrocyte (HRBC) membrane stabilization techniques. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-picryl-1-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging-, the hydroxyl radical scavenging- and catalase activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard procedures. The results showed a significantly higher percentage inhibition of heat-induced- and hypotonicity induced HRBC hemolysis by the Phytexponent at concentrations of 50 % and 100 %, compared with the percentage inhibitions of etanercept (p<0.05). No significant differences in percentage inhibitions of protein denaturation were observed among concentrations of 12.5 %,25.0 %,50.0 %,100.0 % of the Phytexponent and etanercept (25 mg/ml) (p˃0.05). Furthermore, the Phytexponent demonstrated high antioxidant activities against the DPPH- (IC50=0.00733%) and the hydroxyl- (IC50 = 0.716 %) radicals in vitro.The Phytexponent recorded significantly higher catalase activities at concentrations of 1 % and 0.1 % than those recorded by ascorbic acid at similar concentrations. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, among other antioxidant associated phytochemicals. The bioactivities of the Phytexponent reported herein, were attributed to the presence of these phytochemicals. Further studies to establish specific mode(s) through which the Phytexponent exerts in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are encouraged. Moreover, in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities should be done to determine the replicability of these findings in vivo. Bioassay-guided isolation of compounds responsible for the reported bioactivities herein should be done.

scholarly journals In vitro antioxidant activity and qualitative phytochemical analysis of two Vismia (Hypericaceae) species collected in Los Andes, Venezuela

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Buitrago ◽  
Janne Del Carmen Rojas ◽  
Yonel Peñalosa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
High Concentrations

Vismia genus is distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of Central, South America and some areas of Africa. According to previous investigations, antioxidant potential of Vismia species might be related to anthrones, anthraquinones, flavonoids and phenol derivatives biosynthesized by these plants. The aim of present study is to evaluate the free radical scavenging capacity, total phenolic and flavonoids content as well as the qualitative phytochemical screening of methanol extracts obtained from Vismia macrophylla (VM) and Vismia baccifera (VB) collected in Táchira and Mérida state, Venezuela. Phytochemical screening of VB and VM methanolic extracts carried out using various chemical assays revealed an abundant presence of anthraquinones in both species analyzed. Glycosides were also present while flavones and dehydroflavones were observed abundantly in VB but moderated in VM. Triterpenes were also detected and steroids showed to be abundant in VM but moderate in VB. On the other hand, antioxidant capacity measured by the DPPH radical scavenging assay showed that VM possesses a stronger antioxidant activity than VB with IC50 5.50 µg/mL. Phenol and flavonoid assays also revealed that methanol extracts of both VM and VB contain high concentrations of these metabolites. A relationship between the antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoids content of the extracts analyzed was demonstrated in present investigation since those samples with higher phenolic concentrations showed likewise higher antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Garcinia Mangostana Leaf Extracts from Ivory Coast Possess Remarkable Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxicological Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-578
Author(s):  
Inès Christelle Chadon Alphonsine Assemian ◽  
Abdelhakim Bouyahya ◽  
Nadia Dakka ◽  
Youssef Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Garcinia mangostana L. is medicinal plant. Its fruit, the mangosteen contains many bioactive xanthones. This study investigates the potential of organic leaf extracts of G. mangostana grown in Ivory Coast. We tested two organic leaf extracts: G. mangostana aqueous ethanolic leaf extract (ethanol: water, 80:20 v/v) (GMLE) and dichloromethane leaf extract (GMLD). We measured total phenolic and total Flavonoids. We analysed the in vitro anti-inflammatory, anti-radical and anti-proliferative activities of leaf extracts. Ethanol leaf extract showed a considerable amount of phenolic content (328.78±34.32 mg GAE/g) and moderate flavonoids content (43.60±1.48 mg QE/g), Dichloromethane extract had low values of phenolic (70.31±4.55 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (8.49±0.69 mg QE/g). However, GMLD extract gave a significant anti-inflammatory activity (IC50=152.79±3.34 µg/mL), comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium (IC50=142.30±1.22 µg/mL), contrary to GMLE extract (IC50=652.33±12.23 µg/mL). The radical scavenging assay showed a very significant ability of ethanol leaf extract to reduce the DPPH radical (IC50=33.40±0.67 µg/mL) compared to references molecules such as Trolox (IC50=43.72±0.31 µg/mL) and acid ascorbic (IC50=27.20±0.17 µg/mL), dichloromethane extract results showed lowest activity (IC50 = 580.00±23.03 µg/mL). All the organic leaf extracts of G. mangostana had moderate anti-proliferative activity on L20B, RD and VS cell lines studied with IC50 values ranging from 110.89 ±4.82 µg/mL to 860.60±25.78 µg/mL). Our results prove the high potential of the G. mangostana leave extracts as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress drugs. However, further studies are to determine and validate all the medicinal properties of G. mangostana leaves extracts.

scholarly journals In vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and qualitative phytochemical evaluation of the Phytexponent preparation of selected plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervason Moriasi ◽  
Elias Nelson ◽  
Epaphrodite Twahirwa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Oxidative stress is a critical etiologic factor and driver of inflammatory responses, witnessed in chronic and persistent conditions. The current anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with detrimental effects, high dependence, high costs, inaccessibility, among other drawbacks; therefore, a need for alternatives is imperative. Despite the remarkable potential of medicinal plants, there are scanty empirical studies on their pharmacologic efficacy. The Phytexponent is an alcoholic polyherbal preparation of Allium sativum, Triticum repens, Echinacea purpurea, Viola tricolor and Matricaria chamomilla. In complementary medicine, the Phytexponent is used to boost immunity, to treat inflammatory disorders, oxidative stress, blood pressure, diabetes, stress/depression, among other conditions. However, there is no sufficient scientific data to support these healing claims. Therefore, in the current study evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and qualitative phytochemical composition of the Phytexponent. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using the inhibition of protein denaturation and the human erythrocyte (HRBC) membrane stabilization techniques. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-picryl-1-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging-, the hydroxyl radical scavenging- and catalase activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard procedures. The results showed a significantly higher percentage inhibition of heat-induced- and hypotonicity induced HRBC hemolysis by the Phytexponent at concentrations of 50 % and 100 %, compared with the percentage inhibitions of etanercept (p<0.05). No significant differences in percentage inhibitions of protein denaturation were observed among concentrations of 12.5 %,25.0 %,50.0 %,100.0 % of the Phytexponent and etanercept (25 mg/ml) (p˃0.05). Furthermore, the Phytexponent demonstrated high antioxidant activities against the DPPH- (IC50=0.00733%) and the hydroxyl- (IC50 = 0.716 %) radicals in vitro.The Phytexponent recorded significantly higher catalase activities at concentrations of 1 % and 0.1 % than those recorded by ascorbic acid at similar concentrations. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, among other antioxidant associated phytochemicals. The bioactivities of the Phytexponent reported herein, were attributed to the presence of these phytochemicals. Further studies to establish specific mode(s) through which the Phytexponent exerts in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are encouraged. Moreover, in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities should be done to determine the replicability of these findings in vivo. Bioassay-guided isolation of compounds responsible for the reported bioactivities herein should be done.

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