scholarly journals Entertaining a Great Earthquake in Western Nepal: Historic Inactivity and Geodetic Test for the Development of Strain

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bilham ◽  
Paul Bodin ◽  
Michael Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Historic Record ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Himalaya ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

A 500-800 km long segment of the Himalaya bordered by the rupture zones of the great Bihar, 1934, and Kangra, 1905, earthquakes has not experienced a great earthquake for at least 200 years, and perhaps for as long as 750 years. The observed rate of occurrence of earthquakes is evidently too low to accommodate lndo/Tibetanslip which must therefore be accommodated by creep or occasional great earthquakes. Creep processes do not appear to be sufficiently fast, at least in central Nepal, where levelling data in the last two decades, and GPS data in the past 3 years, have been interpreted to account for at most 7 mm/year, or 30% of the inferred ≈20 mm/yr convergence signal. The measurement of 19th century geodetic networks in northern India, which have hitherto been neglected, potentially provides an estimate the rate of accumulation of elastic strain in W. Nepal. In view of the possibly disastrous consequences to the many tens of millions inhabitants of northern India and Nepal who would be affected by a great earthquake, an intense effort to explore further the historic record and the geographic limits of historic and future rupture is desirable.

scholarly journals Millennial-scale denudation rates in the Himalaya of Far Western Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujendra Ojha ◽  
Ken L. Ferrier ◽  
Tank Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Stream Power ◽  
Denudation Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cosmogenic Nuclide ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Denudation Rates ◽  
Cosmogenic 10Be ◽  
Channel Steepness ◽  
The Himalaya ◽  
Millennial Scale

Abstract. Over the past two decades, rates and patterns of Himalayan denudation have been documented through numerous cosmogenic nuclide measurements in central and eastern Nepal, Bhutan, and northern India. To date, however, few denudation rates have been measured in Far Western Nepal – a ~ 300-km-wide region near the center of the Himalayan arc – which presents a significant gap in our understanding of Himalayan denudation. Here we report new catchment-averaged millennial-scale denudation rates inferred from cosmogenic 10Be in fluvial quartz at seven sites in Far Western Nepal. The inferred denudation rates range from 385 ± 31 t km−2 yr−1 (0.15 ± 0.01 mm yr −1) to 8737 ± 2908 t km−2 yr−1 (3.3 ± 1.1 mm yr−1), and, in combination with our analyses of channel topography, are broadly consistent with previously published relationships between catchment-averaged denudation rates and normalized channel steepness across the Himalaya. These data show a weak correlation with catchment-averaged specific stream power, consistent with a Himalaya-wide compilation of previously published stream power values. Together, these observations are consistent with a dependence of denudation rate on both tectonic and climatic forcings, and represent a first step toward filling an important gap in denudation rate measurements in Far Western Nepal.

scholarly journals Himalayan earthquakes: a review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 483 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bilham
Keyword(s):  
Convergence Rates ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Great Earthquake ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Seismological Data ◽  
Himalayan Earthquakes ◽  
The Himalaya ◽  
Past 1000 Years

AbstractThis article summarizes recent advances in our knowledge of the past 1000 years of earthquakes in the Himalaya using geodetic, historical and seismological data, and identifies segments of the Himalaya that remain unruptured. The width of the Main Himalayan Thrust is quantified along the arc, together with estimates for the bounding coordinates of historical rupture zones, convergence rates, rupture propagation directions as constrained by felt intensities. The 2018 slip potential for fifteen segments of the Himalaya are evaluated and potential magnitudes assessed for future earthquakes should these segments fail in isolation or as contiguous ruptures. Ten of these fifteen segments are sufficiently mature currently to host a great earthquake (Mw ≥ 8). Fatal Himalayan earthquakes have in the past occurred mostly in the daylight hours. The death toll from a future nocturnal earthquake in the Himalaya could possibly exceed 100 000 due to increased populations and the vulnerability of present-day construction methods.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Purpose The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes. Method A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified. Results References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin. Conclusions The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.

The Many Pasts of Detective Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Thomas Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Public History ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
The Many

Building on Tzvetan Todorov's observation that the detective novel ‘contains not one but two stories: the story of the crime and the story of the investigation’, this essay argues that detective novels display a remarkably wide range of attitudes toward the several pasts they represent: the pasts of the crime, the community, the criminal, the detective, and public history. It traces a series of defining shifts in these attitudes through the evolution of five distinct subgenres of detective fiction: exploits of a Great Detective like Sherlock Holmes, Golden Age whodunits that pose as intellectual puzzles to be solved, hardboiled stories that invoke a distant past that the present both breaks with and echoes, police procedurals that unfold in an indefinitely extended present, and historical mysteries that nostalgically fetishize the past. It concludes with a brief consideration of genre readers’ own ambivalent phenomenological investment in the past, present, and future each detective story projects.

Law as a Field of Tension

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gamberini
Keyword(s):  
Public Authority ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Cultures ◽  
The Many

As it had been in the communal age, so, in the Visconti-Sforza era, law was the instrument that the public authority relied upon in order to subordinate the many actors present and to subjugate their political cultures. There is, therefore, the attempt to tighten a vice around competing powers—a vice that is at the same time legislative, doctrinal, and judicial. And yet, it is difficult to escape the impression of an effort whose outcomes were somewhat more uncertain than had been the case in the past. The chapter focuses on all these aspects of the deployment of legal and other stratagems to consolidate or to wrest power.

Evidence-based Assessment

2010 ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
John Hunsley ◽  
Eric J. Mash
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Evidence-based assessment relies on research and theory to inform the selection of constructs to be assessed for a specific assessment purpose, the methods and measures to be used in the assessment, and the manner in which the assessment process unfolds. An evidence-based approach to clinical assessment necessitates the recognition that, even when evidence-based instruments are used, the assessment process is a decision-making task in which hypotheses must be iteratively formulated and tested. In this chapter, we review (a) the progress that has been made in developing an evidence-based approach to clinical assessment in the past decade and (b) the many challenges that lie ahead if clinical assessment is to be truly evidence-based.

CPT-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302199636
Author(s):  
Mertcan Geyin ◽  
Brett W Maurer ◽  
Brendon A Bradley ◽  
Russell A Green ◽  
Sjoerd van Ballegooy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case History ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
History Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Manifestation ◽  
The Many

Earthquakes occurring over the past decade in the Canterbury region of New Zealand have resulted in liquefaction case-history data of unprecedented quantity. This provides the profession with a unique opportunity to advance the prediction of liquefaction occurrence and consequences. Toward that end, this article presents a curated dataset containing ∼15,000 cone-penetration-test-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury. The compiled, post-processed data are presented in a dense array structure, allowing researchers to easily access and analyze a wealth of information pertinent to free-field liquefaction response (i.e. triggering and surface manifestation). Research opportunities using these data include, but are not limited to, the training or testing of new and existing liquefaction-prediction models. The many methods used to obtain and process the case-history data are detailed herein, as is the structure of the compiled digital file. Finally, recommendations for analyzing the data are outlined, including nuances and limitations that users should carefully consider.

Research trends in sociological studies on social security and welfare

2021 ◽  
pp. 026858092110053
Author(s):  
Koichi Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Active Research ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Broad Overview

This article reviews the research trends in welfare sociology (sociological studies on social security and welfare), one of the many subfields of active research in sociology in Japan. For this purpose, several research streams formed from the 1970s to the 2000s are described, and some of the most important research results produced within these in the past two decades are introduced. In the latter part of this article, a broad overview of the research trends in Japanese welfare sociology is attempted by focusing on the contents of the journal published by the Japan Welfare Sociology Association (JWSA).

scholarly journals Scoot over Smart Devices: The Invisible Costs of Rental Scooters

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Boyles Petersen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
User Data ◽  
Consumer Data

In the past year, transportation rental companies, including Bird, Lime, and Spin, have dropped hundreds of thousands of rental scooters across North America. Relying on mobile apps and scooter-mounted GPS units, these devices have access to a wide-variety of consumer data, including location, phone number, phone metadata, and more. Pairing corroborated phone and scooter GPS data with a last-mile transportation business model, scooter companies are able to collect a unique, highly identifying dataset on users. Data collected by these companies can be utilized by internal researchers or sold to advertisers and data brokers. Access to so much consumer data, however, poses serious security risks. ­Although Bird, Lime, and Spin posit electric scooters as environmentally friendly and accessible transportation, they also allow for unethical uses of user data through vaguely-worded terms of service. To promote more equitable transportation practices, this article will explore the implications of dockless scooter geotracking, as well as related infrastructure, privacy, and data security ramifications.

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