scholarly journals Statistical study on physico-chemical properties of groundwater in and around urban stretches of Delhi, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biba Jasmine Kaur ◽  
M. P. George ◽  
Sandeep Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Systematic Calculation ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Groundwater samples collected at different locations in and around Delhi City were analysed for their physico­chemical characteristics. Sampling locations were selected covering all the zones and samples were collected. The present investigation is focused on the determination of physicochemical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium hardness, turbidity, chlorides, sulphate, nitrate and fluoride. To assess the quality of groundwater, each parameter was compared with the standard desirable limit of that parameter in drinking water as prescribed by different agencies. The parameters were determined according to procedures outlined in the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water APHA. A systematic calculation was made to determine the correlation coefficient 'r' amongst the parameters and the significant values of the observed correlation coefficient between the parameters was worked out. Suggestions were made to improve the quality of groundwater of Delhi area. The study of physico-chemic al characteristics of these groundwater samples suggest that the evaluation of water quality parameters as well as water quality management practices should be carried out periodically to protect the water resources.

scholarly journals Access of Ground Water Quality with Associated Physico-Chemical Parameters of Cuttack District, Odisha, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Potentially Toxic Trace Elements

The aim of present investigation was to analyze the variations in the physio-chemical properties of the ground water of Cuttack district Odisha. In the present study 98 samples were collected and analyzed to assess the quality of ground water. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness and total alkalinity of the collected 98 samples were in the range of 4.6-7.3, 36-4550 μS/cm, 40-200 mgl-1, 20-680 mgl-1 respectively. Similarly, the other important water quality parameters such as; chloride, nitrate sulphate and phosphate concentration were varies between BDL-327, 1.8-86.25, BDL-194 and BDL to 3.2 mgl-1 respectively. The pH of the alluvial groundwater is controlled by the HCO3. The fluoride concentration was varies from BDL to 2.38 mgl-1. Apart from few samples, 90.81% fluoride contaminated samples comes under the category of quality group A (< 1 mgl-1flouride). Similarly, out of total samples collected only in three samples the uranium concentration estimated to be more than 5ppb. Among the water quality parameters there exist a positive correlation between pH and fluoride with a correlation coefficient of 0.641. From the correlation analysis it is found that, higher concentration of fluorid correlated with higher pH. Similarly the correlation coefficient between calcium and chloride is very high i.e. 0.500, which strongly supported the existence of calcium in the study area is predominantly in the form of CaCl2. Most of the ground water samples meet the requirements of the WHO drinking water standards with respect to salinity, main constituents and potentially toxic trace elements such as uranium

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Assessment in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Alhababy ◽  
Abdul Al-Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Jazan province is an arid area, located at the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia along the Red Sea coast. Groundwater is the only resource of drinking water in this area; thus, its suitability for drinking and domestic uses is of public and scientific concern. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from 23 sites in Jazan area during fall 2014; measurements and analysis of water quality parameters including pH, total dissolved solids TDS, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, chloride, iron and fluoride were carried out with references to WHO and Gulf Standardization Organization GSO. TDS values exceeded the permissible limit of 600 mg/l in 30.4% of samples, total hardness values exceeded the permissible limits of 300 mg/l in 34.8% of samples, and nitrate concentration exceeded the permissible limit of 50 mg/l in only one sample. However, the concentrations of investigated parameters in the groundwater samples were within the permissible limits of WHO. Our results showed that the water quality of groundwater in Jazan area is acceptable and could be used safely for drinking and domestic purposes. However, a special attention should be paid to the concentration of TDS and nitrate in groundwater in future studies.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo Talukas of District Qambar Shahdadkot, Sindh

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani ◽  
Muhammad Yar Khuhawar ◽  
Taj Muhammad Jahangir Khuhawar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe study examines the water quality of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo talukas of Qambar Shahdadkot District, less affected by industrial contamination. A total of 38 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for 28 parameters. The results indicated that 57.89% samples were not suitable for drinking purpose with total dissolved solids above than maximum permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) (1000 mg/L). The pH, total phosphate, orthophosphate and nitrite were within WHO limits. The concentration of essential metals more than half samples, fluoride in 60.52% and heavy metals 0–50% were contaminated higher than permissible limits of WHO. The statistical analysis of water quality parameters was also carried out to evaluate coefficient of determination among the parameters, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Water quality determined for irrigation based on Kelly index (KI), sodium percentage (Na%), chloride–sulphate ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index (PI), chloroalkaline indices 1 (CAI-1), residual sodium carbonate and chloride bicarbonate ratio indicated that samples (55 to 100%) could be used for irrigation purposes. The consumption of water with high concentration of salts and fluoride above the permissible limits may be a cause of a number of diseases in the area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Ilorin Metropolis using Water Quality Index Approach

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
JA Olatunji ◽  
OA Odediran ◽  
RI Obaro ◽  
PI Olasehinde
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Groundwater as a source of potable water is becoming more important in Nigeria. Therefore, the need to ascertain the continuing potability of the sources cannot be over emphasised. This study is aimed at assessing the quality of selected groundwater samples from Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria, using the water quality index (WQI) method. Twenty two water samples were collected, 10 samples from boreholes and 12 samples from hand dug wells. All these were analysed for their physico – chemical properties. The parameters used for calculating the water quality index include the following: pH, total hardness, total dissolved solid, calcium, fluoride, iron, potassium, sulphate, nitrate and carbonate. The water quality index for the twenty two samples ranged from 0.66 to 756.02 with an average of 80.77. Two of the samples exceeded 100, which is the upper limit for safe drinking water. The high values of WQI from the sampling locations are observed to be due to higher values of iron and fluoride. This study reveals that the investigated groundwaters are mostly potable and can be consumed without treatment. Nonetheless, the sources identified to be unsafe should be treated before consumption.KEYWORDS: groundwater, water quality index, potability, physico - chemical, parameter

scholarly journals Water quality and management in the Australian pig industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Louise Edwards ◽  
Helen Crabb
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
The Impact

Context Water is the first nutrient and an essential component of all agricultural production systems. Despite its importance there has been limited research on water, and in particular, the impact of its availability, management and quality on production systems. Aims This research sought to describe the management and quality of water used within the Australian pig industry. Specifically, the water sources utilised, how water was managed and to evaluate water quality at both the source and the point of delivery to the pig. Methods Fifty-seven commercial piggeries across Australia participated in this study by completing a written survey on water management. In addition, survey participants undertook physical farm parameter measurements including collecting water samples. Each water sample was tested for standard quality parameters including pH, hardness, heavy metals and microbiological status. Key results Responses were received from 57 farms, estimated to represent at least 22% of ‘large’ pig herds. Bore water was the most common water source being utilised within the farms surveyed. Management practices and infrastructure delivering water from the source to the point of consumption were found to differ across the farms surveyed. Furthermore, water was regularly used as a delivery mechanism for soluble additives such as antibiotics. The quality of water at the source and point of consumption was found to be highly variable with many parameters, particularly pH, hardness, salinity, iron, manganese and microbiological levels, exceeding the acceptable standard. Conclusions In general, water quality did not appear to be routinely monitored or managed. As a result, farm managers had poor visibility of the potential negative impacts that inferior water quality or management may be having on pig production and in turn the economics of their business. Indeed, inferior water quality may impact the delivery of antibiotics and in turn undermine the industry’s antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Implications The study findings suggest that water quality represents a significant challenge to the Australian pig industry. Access to drinking water of an acceptable quality is essential for optimal pig performance, health and welfare but also to ensure farm to fork supply chain integrity, traceability and food safety.

scholarly journals Assessment of Variation in Water Quality Index (WQI) of Groundwater in North Goa, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Krishan ◽  
C. P. Kumar ◽  
B.K. Purandara ◽  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
N. C Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Domestic Use

A water quality index (WQI) is a tool which numerically summarizes the information from multiple water quality parameters into a single value and this information can be used to assess spatial and temporal variations in overall water quality. However, these indices are time and region specific and may be influenced by local factors. In the present study, water quality index has been worked out to assess the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater quality status for future planning and management of North Goa. Data of 19 groundwater samples were collected in the year 2005 during January, March and April, are used for the analysis. The Water Quality Index has been computed using four parameters viz. pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness and Chloride. The WQI results show that the overall water quality class is ‘good’ and water is acceptable for domestic use.

scholarly journals Spatial Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Using GIS and WQI in Gadilam River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-561
Author(s):  
K. Mohammed Rizwan ◽  
V. Thirukumaran ◽  
M. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Spatial Interpolation Method

The aims of the current research are to assess the drinking water quality of the groundwater in the Gadilam River Basin, which is located in the northern part of Tamil Nadu, by identifying the groundwater quality index and examine its suitability for drinking. The current work determines the levels of groundwater quality parameters based on 120 groundwater samples; 50 samples from Archaean formation, 34 samples from Quaternary formation, 35 samples from Tertiary formation and the remaining sample from Cretaceous formation. Additionally, this research compares the determined levels with the various standards for drinking. Furthermore, the variability of parameters of the groundwater quality is explored in this paper by using the spatial interpolation method. The conclusion of this research reveals that the groundwater quality parameters such as Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Nitrate (NO32-), Fluoride (F-), Sulphate (SO42-), Bi-carbonate (HCO3-) and Percentage of Hydrogen (pH) values are observed to be within the limiting value for WHO 2017 in all the formations during the seasons in which they were taken. The water quality index (WQI) values of the Archaean, Quaternary and Tertiary formations are found to be less than 100 meq/L in all stations in both seasons. In order of WQI, these stations come under the category of “Excellent” and “Good”. The Piper trilinear classification of groundwater samples fall in the field of mixed Ca-Mg-Cl, and No dominance, some of the samples represent Na-K, Cl types of water.

scholarly journals Monitoring Water Quality Parameters of Khirisan River in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Yaser Ibrahim Jasem ◽  
Qassem H. Jalut ◽  
Salah N. Farhan ◽  
Muataz H. Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Feeding Area

In this work, a set of physical, chemical and biological parameters were analysed for Khirisan river from the period extending from December 2017up to November 2018. The samples were selected from three different sites, agricultural, commercial and residential area to assess the water quality of the river for drinking and irrigation purposes. The study showed that a number of diversity factors were recognized which have a direct effect on the quality of Khirisan river. This includes the catchment feeding area of the river, untreated domestic sewage from the restaurants, cafeterias and government buildings which are adjacent to the river. Water quality of Khirisan river, according to the Iraqi and international standards, satisfies the limits of the rules of the drinking purposes for all studied parameters except the values of calcium ions and total hardness value for some rainy months as well as to organic load. The mean values of BOD5 and COD for the three sites were 7.7 and 36 mg/l. In terms of irrigation purposes, the water quality of the river can be considered low to medium damage in terms of salinity and sodium hazards. In terms of chloride risk, there are no toxicity problems to the roots and leaves of the plants. Therefore, it requires a continual intensive water quality monitoring program to reduce its impact.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purpose in Mansa District(Punjab, India) through GIS Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBJANI KUNDU ◽  
ANIL SOOD
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Total Geographical Area ◽  
Extreme Salinity

Use of geostatistical approaches for water quality mapping is a smart and timely approach to assess the quality of groundwater and evaluate its suitability for irrigation purpose. Present study was undertaken to map the spatial distribution of different water quality parameters and generate water quality map for Mansa district using geo-statistical interpolator (Kriging). Geo-referenced groundwater samples were collected and analysed for different quality parameters i.e. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Carbonate and Bicarbonate (CO 3 2- , HCO 3 - ), Chloride (Cl - ), Total Hardness (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ) and Sodium (Na + ) content; and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) was calculated. Salinity and alkalinity hazards were evaluated using national and international standards and the overall, water quality was assessed to judge its suitability for irrigation purpose. Quality of groundwater for irrigation was found to be marginal in major part of district Mansa covering an area of 200156.7 ha (92.3% of its Total Geographical Area) which can be used for irrigation purpose only after some amelioration. Extreme salinity (ECandgt;4 dSm -1 ) and alkalinity (RSCandgt; 5 meq l -1 ) hazards were prevalent only in small patches in Sardulgarh and Budhlada blocks covering 26.7 and 2.9% of TGA of the respective blocks. Mixing of canal water with groundwater, use of suitable amendments, like gypsum, selection of appropriate crops and cropping systems should be in regular practice for improving the water quality in one hand and preventing further deterioration in other.

Monitoring the impact of farm practices on water quality in the Otago and Southland deer focus farms

2006 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
R.W. Mcdowell ◽  
N. Mcgrouther ◽  
G. Morgan ◽  
M.S. Srinivasan ◽  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Soil And Water

Research on the soil and water quality of deer farms is minimal. However, the perception is that many deer operations may be detrimental to soil and water quality. To address this problem two deer focus farms (DFF, 1 each in Otago and Southland) were established to showcase how productivity and environmental objectives can coincide. Managements implemented by the farmers included a sedimentation pond, fencing off waterways and retiring land under a QEII covenant. A detailed soil and water quality testing regime occurred for each farm: data were collected at the Southland DFF for three tributaries (one fenced off, one partially fenced and one unfenced) which fed into a stream and through a tussock covered area retired from grazing. Water quality in the unfenced and partially fenced tributaries was poor with no water quality parameters meeting ANZECC guidelines, whereas water quality in the fenced-off and planted tributary was better. Water exiting the retired area met ANZECC guidelines. Although water quality on parts of both deer farms did not meet ANZECC guidelines, when management practices such as fencing off and the creation of a pond were used water quality improved. More importantly, an area retired from grazing and further development on the Southland DFF showed that water quality could be significantly improved and could be better than that entering the farm. Keywords: fencing-off, QEII covenant, sedimentation pond, water quality

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