Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purpose in Mansa District(Punjab, India) through GIS Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBJANI KUNDU ◽  
ANIL SOOD
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Total Geographical Area ◽  
Extreme Salinity

Use of geostatistical approaches for water quality mapping is a smart and timely approach to assess the quality of groundwater and evaluate its suitability for irrigation purpose. Present study was undertaken to map the spatial distribution of different water quality parameters and generate water quality map for Mansa district using geo-statistical interpolator (Kriging). Geo-referenced groundwater samples were collected and analysed for different quality parameters i.e. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Carbonate and Bicarbonate (CO 3 2- , HCO 3 - ), Chloride (Cl - ), Total Hardness (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ) and Sodium (Na + ) content; and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) was calculated. Salinity and alkalinity hazards were evaluated using national and international standards and the overall, water quality was assessed to judge its suitability for irrigation purpose. Quality of groundwater for irrigation was found to be marginal in major part of district Mansa covering an area of 200156.7 ha (92.3% of its Total Geographical Area) which can be used for irrigation purpose only after some amelioration. Extreme salinity (ECandgt;4 dSm -1 ) and alkalinity (RSCandgt; 5 meq l -1 ) hazards were prevalent only in small patches in Sardulgarh and Budhlada blocks covering 26.7 and 2.9% of TGA of the respective blocks. Mixing of canal water with groundwater, use of suitable amendments, like gypsum, selection of appropriate crops and cropping systems should be in regular practice for improving the water quality in one hand and preventing further deterioration in other.

scholarly journals Monitoring Water Quality Parameters of Khirisan River in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Yaser Ibrahim Jasem ◽  
Qassem H. Jalut ◽  
Salah N. Farhan ◽  
Muataz H. Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Feeding Area

In this work, a set of physical, chemical and biological parameters were analysed for Khirisan river from the period extending from December 2017up to November 2018. The samples were selected from three different sites, agricultural, commercial and residential area to assess the water quality of the river for drinking and irrigation purposes. The study showed that a number of diversity factors were recognized which have a direct effect on the quality of Khirisan river. This includes the catchment feeding area of the river, untreated domestic sewage from the restaurants, cafeterias and government buildings which are adjacent to the river. Water quality of Khirisan river, according to the Iraqi and international standards, satisfies the limits of the rules of the drinking purposes for all studied parameters except the values of calcium ions and total hardness value for some rainy months as well as to organic load. The mean values of BOD5 and COD for the three sites were 7.7 and 36 mg/l. In terms of irrigation purposes, the water quality of the river can be considered low to medium damage in terms of salinity and sodium hazards. In terms of chloride risk, there are no toxicity problems to the roots and leaves of the plants. Therefore, it requires a continual intensive water quality monitoring program to reduce its impact.

scholarly journals Limnology of lake Surinsar, Jammu, J&K: Part II – Water chemistry

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
D. Slathia ◽  
S. P. S. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Detectable Limit

Water quality parameters viz. air temperature (15.21 0 C -36 0 C/16.71 0 C - 39.42 0 C), water temperature (13 0 C-32.42 0 C/15 0 C-32.8 0 C), depth (42cm-69.08cm/ 25cm-121.92cm), turbidity (3.88-46.27NTU/3.67-69.39 NTU), salinity (0.10-0.31ppt/ 0.10-0.37ppt), electrical conductivity (0.101-0.172mS/cm/0.114-0.279mS/cm), TDS (49.63-111.78 mg/l/57.64-177.01mg/l), pH (7.92-9.82/7.80-9.09), free CO2 (0-19.22mg/l/0-15.32mg/l), DO (6.82-9.90mg/l/4.65-9.40mg/l), carbonate (0-18.38mg/l/0-20.63mg/l), bicarbonate (60.99-170.70mg/l/77.62-168.70mg/l, chloride (7.41-12.35mg/l/9.59-19.60mg/l), calcium (6.85-38.50mg/l/11.81-140.49mg/l), magnesium (4.62-7.22mg/l/3.86-39.05mg/l), total hardness (40.29-125.50 mg/l/56.61-511.05mg/l), BOD (3.12-5.79mg/l/1.31-16.21 mg/l), COD (17.74-75.42 mg/l/ 26.57-73.03mg/l), sodium (14.2-22.5mg/l/12.2-30.9mg/l), potassium (1.83-4.17mg/l/2.25-6.21mg/l), phosphate (0.048-0.233mg/l/0.008-0.603mg/l), nitrate (0.13-1.3mg/l/0.11-4.08mg/l), sulphate (1.60-19.19mg/l/1.36-15.70mg/l), silicate (0.14-4.23mg/l/0.27-7.05mg/l), iron (0-0.65/0-0.40mg/l), copper (below detectable limit) and zinc (below detectable limit), of lake Surinsar-the only source of drinking water to the inhabitants of the Surinsar village, have been reported monthly, during the year 2002-03/2003-04. WQI range falls from poor (70.45, December; 73.55, October; 74.4, November and 74.56, September/ 74.52, January and 75.36, September), very poor(82.54, February; 89.25, May; 80.76, August and 78.86, January/ 80.89, February; 98.25, April; 80.03, June; 82.26, July; 86.55, October and 83.03, November) to unfit (100.44, June; 101.9, July; 103.86, April and 119.5, March/ 103.73, May; 108.28, March; 122.56, August and 103.72, December). Comparison of range of various water quality parameters of Surinsar lake water, with national and international standards has also revealed that most of these parameters are beyond permissible limits. This clearly indicates the unsuitability of raw water, generally consumed by local inhabitants, for human consumption.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water quality parameters of Valvan dam water for drinking purpose

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Patil ◽  
B. V. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Water quality is becoming a global problem in developed and underdeveloped countries. Human activities directly or indirectly affect quality of water and pollute the water; the demand for fresh water is increasing faster. Therefore, in the present investigation attempt has been made to asses chemical parameters of Valwan dam water. Obtained values were compared with two standards of WHO and BIS. Parameters such as pH, Alkalinity, TDS, Total Hardness, CO2, dissolved oxygen, phosphate were found with permissible limits of BIS and WHO which indicates this water body is suitable for drinking purpose.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality of Shatt Al-Basrah Canal using Water Pollution Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.19) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman A. Hassan ◽  
Ammar S. Dawood ◽  
Nassrin J. AL-Mansori
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Pollution Index ◽  
The North

This study evaluates the water quality for the Canal of Shatt Al-Basrah, located in Basrah province, Iraq. The Shatt Al-Basrah Canal used to connect the waterway from Al-Hammar marshes in the north of Basrah province, to Khor Al-Zubair port in the south of the province. Nine physicochemical water quality parameters have been measured and analyzed for calculating the water pollution index (WPI) in the Canal. These parameters, which were used in developing the WPI, included: Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Nitrate (NO3-), Calcium (Ca2+), Total Alkalinity (TA.), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium (Na+), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sulfate (SO42-), Phosphate (PO43-), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Hardness (TH), Chloride (Cl-), Magnesium (Mg2+), and Potassium (K+). The aim of this paper is to analyze and assess the water pollution of the Shatt Al-Basrah Canal in the year 2014, making use of the WPI method.  The annual WPI mean value during the study period was more than the safe value; therefore, the water quality of the Canal ranged from impure (type V) to the heavily impure (type VI) and hence definitely regarded as unsuitable for drinking uses. Consequently, there is a need that is immediate to take some measures to stop the pollution and enhance the water quality of the Canalas a component that is integral tothe environment in Basrah province. In Basrahprovince, the disposal of wastewater in the Shatt Al-Basrah Canal is big maintenance difficulty of the Canal water quality.   

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF URBAN LAND USE ON THE WATER QUALITY OF OTAMIRI RIVER FOR MUNICIPAL SUPPLY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onosakponome . ◽  
Ogaga Robert
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Standard Procedures

Water quality levels of Otamiri River was studied to seek explanations for the variations of water quality indicators in the river and also tried to evaluate the influence of urban land use activities and season on the water quality and to examine the water quality of Otamiri River for agricultural and domestic uses. Water sampling and laboratory analyses were carried out using standard procedures to determine the concentrations of selected parameters in the sample. The data obtained ranged from 21.10 to 98.00µS/cm for Electrical Conductivity, 9.70 to 45.10mg/l for TDS, 5.60 to 20.80mg/l total hardness, 0.00 to 3.06mg/l NO3- , 0.15 to 6.50mg/l PO4, 0.00 to 12.63mg/l SO4 2- , and 14.48 to 32.96mg/l Cl- . Other results ranged from 12.03 to 19.26mg/l BOD5, TSS 40.50 to 1793.50mg/l, turbidity 7.86 to 96.40NTU and pH 6.48 to 6.90 at 29?C. The data clearly show that areas outside the influence of urban activities still maintain their pristine environmental conditions with water quality parameters falling within permissible limits. The water from these areas can sustain aquatic life and are safe for human consumption. However, the results further showed that the midstream area that receive wastes from urban land use activities was polluted with parameters such as NO3- , PO4- , Cl- , BOD5, TDS, and COD being higher than the permissible limit. This demonstrates the influence of urban land use on the water quality of Otamiri River.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Bijnor District, India using Water Quality Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
Sumant Kumar ◽  
B. Chakravorty ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
M. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Piper Trilinear Diagram ◽  
Drinking Purpose

In the present paper, geochemical characteristics of groundwater have been studied using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Piper trilinear diagram. The water quality index offers a quantitative representation of overall quality of water for any intended use and helps in pollution abatement programmes and management. Whereas, the Piper diagram shows graphical representation of the hydrochemical facies of a set of water samples. In the present work, twenty-five groundwater samples were collected from various locations in the Bijnor district. The samples were investigated for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total hardness, fluoride and trace metals. The Piper trilinear diagram showed ++ - that groundwater of the district is Ca-Mg-HCO type. Ca and HCO were found dominant ions among cations and 3 3 anions, respectively. The WQI was found in the range of 71 to 86, which indicated that the samples fall under the fair to good category. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) checks were also applied to examine the water quality for the drinking purpose. The results revealed that most of the water quality parameters are within the permissible limits except iron and manganese. Based on the results, groundwater of the Bijnor district needs treatment for drinking purpose for the locations where the WQI is found below 75.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Status of Chandrabhaga River at Rishikesh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Shail Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
The Status ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

In the background of the ambitious ‘National Mission for Clean Ganga’ to clean, conserve and protect the River Ganga in a comprehensive manner, this study was undertaken to evaluate the status of Water Quality of Chandrabhaga river at Rishikesh, district Dehradun, India, between the Dhalwala bridge area and Mayakund area where it merges with the river Ganga, affecting adversely its water quality. The characteristics of Chandrabhaga river water were assessed during July to September 2017 by monitoring the water quality at most garbeged and contaminated five locations by determining physicochemical and biological parameters and metal ions. The observed values of dissolved oxygen (DO) varied from 0.4 to 1.29 mg/L, such a low DO, high biological oxygen demand (BOD, 21 ± 2.64 to 56 ±6.08 mg/L) and much high Coliform (1760 ±13.23 to3180 ±27.61 MPN/ 100 ml) at all the locations reflects the poor water quality of Chandrabhaga River. Recorded values of total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), alkalinity, phosphate, sodium, potassium and calcium exceeded the WHO standards. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed the highly positive correlations all the time between EC and TDS, TH and TDS, TH and EC, while during high flow period good correlations were recorded between alkalinity and pH, TDS, EC and TH. Irrigation water quality parameters such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and Kelly’s Ratio was evaluated to test the suitability of river water for irrigation purpose.

scholarly journals Ground Water Quality Assessment of Marble Mining Areas in Rajsamand District, Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-562
Author(s):  
Kamod Kanwar Rathore ◽  
Suraj Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

The present study represents the impact of marble mining and processing units on the quality of ground water in the Rajasamand district of Rajasthan state. For this work various water sampleswere collected from surrounding areas of the mining hub covering all the tehsil namely- Rajasmand, Amet, Bhim, Deogarh, Khamnor,Kumbhalgarh, and RailmangraofRajasamd district. The sample were analysed for various Physio- chemical parameters like-Electrical Conductivity(EC), pH, Total Hardness (TH), Dissolved Solids-Total (TDS), Sodium (Na+1) Potassium(K+1), Calcium (Ca+2), Magnesium (Mg+2), Chloride (Cl-1), Sulphate (SO4-2), Carbonate (CO3-2 ), Bicarbonate (HCO32), Nitrate(NO3-1) , Fluoride (F), the result of water quality parameters was compared with IS:10500-2012 drinking water specification. The finding of results indicates that the level of the certain parameters like TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, NO3, andF exceed the limits of ground water stipulated by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). As per the observations, we must say that it may be possible that one of the egregious sourcesto polluting ground water in the region is marble mining and its allied activities. The present study is based on the sample collected and tested in the laboratory and it is an attempt to determine the physio- chemical characteristics of ground water in the marble mining area of the Rajasamand district in Rajasthan state of India.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Assessment in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Alhababy ◽  
Abdul Al-Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Jazan province is an arid area, located at the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia along the Red Sea coast. Groundwater is the only resource of drinking water in this area; thus, its suitability for drinking and domestic uses is of public and scientific concern. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from 23 sites in Jazan area during fall 2014; measurements and analysis of water quality parameters including pH, total dissolved solids TDS, turbidity, hardness, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, chloride, iron and fluoride were carried out with references to WHO and Gulf Standardization Organization GSO. TDS values exceeded the permissible limit of 600 mg/l in 30.4% of samples, total hardness values exceeded the permissible limits of 300 mg/l in 34.8% of samples, and nitrate concentration exceeded the permissible limit of 50 mg/l in only one sample. However, the concentrations of investigated parameters in the groundwater samples were within the permissible limits of WHO. Our results showed that the water quality of groundwater in Jazan area is acceptable and could be used safely for drinking and domestic purposes. However, a special attention should be paid to the concentration of TDS and nitrate in groundwater in future studies.

scholarly journals Statistical study on physico-chemical properties of groundwater in and around urban stretches of Delhi, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biba Jasmine Kaur ◽  
M. P. George ◽  
Sandeep Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Systematic Calculation ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Groundwater samples collected at different locations in and around Delhi City were analysed for their physico­chemical characteristics. Sampling locations were selected covering all the zones and samples were collected. The present investigation is focused on the determination of physicochemical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium hardness, turbidity, chlorides, sulphate, nitrate and fluoride. To assess the quality of groundwater, each parameter was compared with the standard desirable limit of that parameter in drinking water as prescribed by different agencies. The parameters were determined according to procedures outlined in the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water APHA. A systematic calculation was made to determine the correlation coefficient 'r' amongst the parameters and the significant values of the observed correlation coefficient between the parameters was worked out. Suggestions were made to improve the quality of groundwater of Delhi area. The study of physico-chemic al characteristics of these groundwater samples suggest that the evaluation of water quality parameters as well as water quality management practices should be carried out periodically to protect the water resources.

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