scholarly journals Monitoring of Ovarian Follicular Development and Ovulation with Transvaginal Sonography (TVS) in Infertile Women in Eastern Region of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Manoj Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Development

Background Ultrasonography is the first line imaging modality for evaluation of ovaries, monitoring ovarian follicular development and detecting ovulation in infertile women; thus plays a significant role in infertility management. This study was undertaken to evaluate the pattern of ovarian follicular growth and to predict and detect ovulation in infertile women by transvaginal sonography in eastern region of Nepal.Material and Methods Hospital based prospective cross-sectional study on 100 infertile patients referred for ultrasonographic monitoring of ovarian follicle was conducted over duration of 26 months. Serial transvaginal sonography of the patients was performed using standard procedure daily from day 10 of menstrual cycle till detection of ovulation. Identification of ovarian dominant follicle, monitoring of dominant follicle development and detection of ovulation was assessed in relation to the day of menstrual cycle.Results Increase in mean diameter of the dominant follicle was seen in serial ultrasound scan till ovulation, which occurred in all cases by day 16 of menstrual cycle. The average daily follicular growth rate ± SD from day 10 of menstrual cycle till detection of ovulation was 2.2 ± 0.2 mm per day and the mean diameter ± SD of dominant follicle on the day prior to ovulation was 21.4 ± 2.8 mm (range: 17.2 – 26.3 mm).Conclusion Transvaginal sonography is an excellent method for monitoring of ovarian follicular development and shows a linear increase in mean diameter of dominant follicle from day 10 of menstrual cycle till detection of ovulation.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, 43-48

TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT AND ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS IN LETROZOLE STIMULATED CYCLES OF PCOS AND NON-PCOS INFERTILE WOMEN

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Anshu Anshu ◽  
Usha Kumari ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Anovulatory Infertility

Background: Infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of anovulatory infertility. Ovulation induction is indicated for the management of anovulatory infertility in PCOS and for augmentation of ovulation in ovulatory infertility, in unexplained infertility. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare and determine the efcacy of letrozole administration in infertile women with PCOS to that of infertile women without PCOS by transvaginal sonography. This Methods: study was done at Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of JLNMCH, Bhagalpur, Bihar from January to December 2020. Fifty six infertile women including 16 diagnosed as having PCOS and 40 infertile women with regular menstrual cycle (non-PCOS) were included in this study. Patients were treated with letrozole 7.5 mg/day from day 2-6 of the menstrual cycle. Subjects were monitored once during the days 11 to 14 of the cycle by transvaginal ultrasound. Main outcome measures were number of ovulatory follicles, dominant follicle diameter and endometrial thickness. Letrozole as an ovulation inducing drug was found equally effective in t Results: erms of follicular recruitment, follicular maturation and endometrial development both in PCOS and non-PCOS women, as there was no signicant difference regarding mature follicular development and endometrial response between the two study groups. Association of endometrial response particularly with follicular diameter 18 mm or more among the study groups revealed no statistically signicant difference. In conclusion, our results indicate that the Conclusion: effect of letrozole on endometrial thickness and follicular development in patients of anovulatory PCOS did not signicantly differ compared to non-PCOS infertile women.

175 FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT AND OVARIAN BLOOD FLOW IN MARES WITH EARLY OR LATE OVULATION POSTPARTUM

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
K. M. Lemes ◽  
L. A. Silva ◽  
E. C. C. Celeghini ◽  
M. A. Alonso ◽  
G. Pugliesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Linear Probe

The postpartum period is characterised by the rapid uterine involution process and return of ovarian activity (foal heat), resulting in a fertile oestrus in most of the mares. However, the follicular development and selection processes during this period are not completely known in horses. We aimed to study the characteristics of follicular growth and vascular perfusion in the ovary during the early postpartum period in mares that demonstrated oestrous behaviour and had early (<10 days) or late (≥10 days) ovulation. Ten mares were scanned daily from the first day postpartum (Day 1) until the day of the first postpartum ovulation (Day 0). The animals were split in the early (n = 3) and late (n = 7) ovulation groups (averaged interval between parturition and ovulation: 8.0 ± 0.0 and 14.7 ± 1.2 days, respectively). For ultrasound exams a Duplex B-mode and colour Doppler instrument (M5VET®, Mindray, Shenzhen, China) was used with a multifrequency linear probe. Data were analysed for the main effects of group, day, and their interaction using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS software (version 9.3, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). For the follicular growth, no difference (P > 0.05) was detected between the groups when the data were analysed for the days relative to ovulation (from Day 7 to Day 1). However, the dominant follicle was larger (P < 0.05) in the early-ovulated group (37.2 ± 1.6 v. 21.9 ± 1.1) in all days during early postpartum (Day 1 to Day 7). The number of follicles with >25 mm diameter was also greater (P < 0.05) in the early-ovulated group (1.1 ± 0.1 v. 0.1 ± 0.1) during the first 3 days postpartum. In addition, the late-ovulated mares showed greater number of follicles with 20–25 mm during Day 4 to Day 7 (2.0 ± 0.2 v. 0.7 ± 0.1). For the blood flow characteristics, no difference (P > 0.05) was detected in the coloured signals of blood flows in the follicular wall of the dominant follicle or in the ovarian pedicle ipsilateral to the largest follicle. Therefore, the characteristics of the follicle growth on the preceding days of ovulation were similar between the early- and late-ovulated mares and consistent with the follicular dynamics expected in non-pregnant and non-lactating mares. However, when the data were analysed for the days relative to parturition, a greater follicle development was present in mares that ovulate earlier during the postpartum period (<10 days). In conclusion, the results suggest that important events may occur previous to the parturition, resulting in an early follicle development, mainly in those mares that show heat signs and ovulate within 10 days postpartum. Research was supported by FAPESP process number 2010/10692-9 and CNPq process number 135954/2011-8.

A new model for ovarian follicular development during the human menstrual cycle

2003 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R Baerwald ◽  
Gregg P Adams ◽  
Roger A Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
New Model ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Development ◽  
Human Menstrual Cycle

OVARIAN FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT LEADING TO FIRST OVULATION AND ACCOMPANYING GONADOTROPHIN LEVELS AS STUDIED IN THE UNILATERALLY OVARIECTOMIZED RAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. A. MEIJS-ROELOFS ◽  
P. OSMAN ◽  
P. KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ovariectomized Rat ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Unilateral Ovariectomy ◽  
Clear Tendency ◽  
Paired Control ◽  
Definite Pattern ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Development ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Ovarian follicular development was studied in the rat during a 15-day period preceding first ovulation. Ovaries were obtained by unilateral ovariectomy performed at various ages and the rats were allowed to live until the day after first ovulation. The timing of this ovulation was compared with that in unoperated, paired control rats of the same age. For estimation of gonadotrophin levels, blood was taken from the paired control rats at the time when experimental rats were unilaterally ovariectomized. There was no evidence that unilateral ovariectomy had any influence on the timing of first ovulation. Therefore the ovaries obtained could be dated in relation to first ovulation, and follicular growth during the final prepubertal period could thus be studied in a genuine developmental sequence. Results revealed that follicular growth leading to first ovulation starts at ±8 days before this ovulation; follicular processes taking place are comparable to those found during the adult 5-day cycle but proceed more slowly. Gonadotrophin concentrations accompanying the follicular dynamics and measured at 11·00 h, showed a clear tendency for FSH concentrations to decrease with increasing age, i.e. approaching first ovulation. Concentrations of LH did not show a definite pattern and were generally low, although in some individual rats relatively high LH values (> 100 μg/l) were found in the period of 5–3 days before first ovulation.

scholarly journals Effects of a long-acting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (Leuprolide) on ovarian follicular development in prepubertal heifer calves

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. O. Evans ◽  
N. C. Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Development ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Growth

We studied the effects of reducing gonadotrophin secretion on ovarian follicular development in young prepubertal heifer calves. Calves received a GnRH agonist (n = 5, 15 mg of Leuprolide acetate, i.m.) or carrier (n = 5) at 8 and 12 w of age. Starting at 8 and 34 w of age, ovarian follicles were monitored daily for 17 d, and at 10, 15, 25 and 35 w of age, blood samples were collected every 15 min for 12 h for measurement of serum concentration of LH and FSH. GnRH agonist treatment did not affect the age and body weight at puberty (P > 0.05). Agonist treatment suppressed follicle numbers and in two heifers follicle emergence (growth above 4–5 mm) was blocked immediately. In three agonist-treated heifers, follicle emergence was blocked after one extended wave of follicular growth. At 34 w of age the pattern of ovarian follicular growth did not differ between groups but oestradiol secretion was lower in agonist-treated heifers. During agonist treatment basal and mean concentrations of FSH, and LH and FSH pulse amplitude were decreased but basal LH concentrations increased (P < 0.05). At 25 and 35 w of age some rebound in gonadotrophin secretion was seen.We concluded that disrupting gonadotrophin secretion in young prepubertal heifer calves by GnRH agonist treatment, suppressed ovarian follicular growth but that a rebound in gonadotrophin secretion prevented long term-effects on sexual development. Key words: Follicle stimulating hormone, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, heifer calves, luteinising hormone ovarian follicles

scholarly journals Lnc-GULP1-2:1 affects granulosa cell proliferation by regulating COL3A1 expression and localization​

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guidong Yao ◽  
Yue Kong ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Deqi Kong ◽  
Yijiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Development

Abstract Backgrounds: Long non-coding RNA is a novel group of non-protein coding transcripts over 200nt in length. Recent studies have found that they are widely involved in many pathological and physiological processes. In our previous study, we found that lnc-GULP1-2:1 was significantly down-regulated in the ovarian cortical tissue of patients with primary ovarian insufficiency and predicted that lnc-GULP1-2:1 has a regulatory effect on COL3A1. Results: In this study, we found that lnc-GULP1-2:1 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of luteinized granulosa cells. The expression of lnc-GULP1-2:1 was lower in patients with diminished ovarian reserve but substantially elevated in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Overexpression of lnc-GULP1-2:1 in KGN cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, likely through cell cycle related genes CCND2 and p16. Moreover, lnc-GULP1-2:1 expression was positively correlated with the level of COL3A in luteinized granulosa cells from patients with different ovarian functions as well as in multiple cell lines. Overexpression of lnc-GULP1-2:1 in KGN cells promoted the expression of COL3A1 and its translocation into the nucleus. Consistently, silencing COL3A1 in KGN cells also significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Conclusions: Lnc-GULP1-2:1 affects the proliferation of granulosa cells by regulating the expression and localization of COL3A1 protein, and may participate in the regulation of ovarian follicle development. This study will provide new insight into molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian follicular development, which will help generate novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for diseases related to ovarian follicular development disorders.

Effects of levonorgestrel on ovulation and oestrous behaviour in the female tammar wallaby

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Hynes ◽  
Chris D. Nave ◽  
Geoff Shaw ◽  
Marilyn B. Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Luteinising Hormone ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Subcutaneous hormone implants are a useful method for managing overabundant marsupials in restricted enclosures in Australia. Levonorgestrel induces long-term infertility in the kangaroo, tammar wallaby and koala, although the contraceptive mechanism of levonorgestrel is unknown for any marsupial. In the present study, it was investigated if insertion of a single levonorgestrel or control implant at the time of reactivation of the diapausing blastocyst affected the subsequent post-partum oestrus or the preceding follicular development. Twenty levonorgestrel-treated and 16 control animals were autopsied the day before birth and the accompanying post-partum oestrus (Day 25), and 10 levonorgestrel-treated and five of the nine control animals were autopsied 3–4 days (Days 29–30) after the expected birth and oestrus. Peripartum behaviour was observed and birth and mating times were recorded. Levonorgestrel treatment did not prevent follicular growth because there was no significant difference between treatment and control animals in the size of the dominant follicle at Day 25. None of the levonorgestrel-treated females autopsied at Days 29–30 had ovulated (n = 10), in contrast to controls, where four of the five that were autopsied had ovulated. Mating occurred in eight of nine control animals but in only three of 10 levonorgestrel-treated females. Males showed a more sustained period of interest in the three that were mated than in the controls, and mating took place significantly later after birth (36 v. 10 h; P = 0.038). Follicular growth and development was not blocked in any female but only one-third of the animals mated and none ovulated after levonorgestrel treatment. These results suggest that levonorgestrel inhibits the preovulatory surge of luteinising hormone.

Influence of follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations on the integrity and development of bovine follicles cultured in vitro

Zygote ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bizarro-Silva ◽  
M.M. Santos ◽  
J.R. Gerez ◽  
S.M. González ◽  
L.A. Lisboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Minimal Essential Medium ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SummaryThis study investigated the in vitro culture of bovine follicles included in ovarian tissue for 2 or 6 days (D2 or D6), with the addition of different concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (0, 10, 50, 100 or 200 ng/ml). Data were compared for follicular development, morphological integrity and diameter of follicles and oocytes. Ovaries (n = 10) from Nelore cows (n = 5) were divided into fragments (n = 11 per ovary) and were immediately fixed in Bouin’s solution (D0) or were individually cultured for 2 or 6 days in one of the described concentrations of FSH and then processed for histology. Compared with the rates of follicular development at D2 for minimal essential medium (MEM) (75.0%) and 50 ng/ml of FSH (71.1%), the best rates of follicular development at D2 were obtained with 10 (84.7%), 100 (87.5%) and 200 ng/ml of FSH (85.0%; P<0.05). After 6 days of cultivation, there were no differences among treatments regarding follicular growth. The morphological integrity of preantral follicles was better maintained by 100 ng/ml FSH for 2 and 6 days of cultivation (51.2 and 40.4%, respectively; P<0.05) than that for MEM (D2: 30.9%, D6: 20.8%), 10 (D2: 39.2%, D6: 22.8%), 50 (D2: 30.4%, D6: 28.8%) and 200 ng/ml FSH (D2: 45.2%, D6: 36.8%). FSH at 100 ng/ml provided the highest mean diameter averages: 34.5±10.8 µm at D2 and 33.2±12.5 µm at D6 (P<0.05). We concluded that the medium supplemented with 100 ng/ml FSH during in vitro culture provided appropriate conditions for the development and morphological integrity of preantral follicles in cattle.

scholarly journals Transvaginal sonographic assessment of follicular development and endometrial thickness in letrozole stimulated cycles of PCOS and non-PCOS infertile women

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
Naushaba Tarannum Mahtab ◽  
Nusrat Mahmud ◽  
TA Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anovulatory Infertility

Background: Infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of anovulatory infertility. Ovulation induction is indicated for the management of anovulatory infertility in PCOS and for augmentation of ovulation in ovulatory infertility, in unexplained infertility. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare and determine the efficacy of letrozole administration in infertile women with PCOS to that of infertile women without PCOS by transvaginal sonography. Methods: This retrospective study was done at Centre for Assisted Reproduction (CARE), BIRDEM General Hospital 2 from January to December 2011. Fifty six infertile women including 16 diagnosed as having PCOS and 40 infertile women with regular menstrual cycle (non-PCOS) were included in this study. Patients were treated with letrozole 7.5 mg/day from day 2-6 of the menstrual cycle. Subjects were monitored once during the days 11 to 14 of the cycle by transvaginal ultrasound. Main outcome measures were number of ovulatory follicles, dominant follicle diameter and endometrial thickness. Results: Letrozole as an ovulation inducing drug was found equally effective in terms of follicular recruitment, follicular maturation and endometrial development both in PCOS and non-PCOS women, as there was no significant difference regarding mature follicular development and endometrial response between the two study groups. Association of endometrial response particularly with follicular diameter 18 mm or more among the study groups revealed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results indicate that the effect of letrozole on endometrial thickness and follicular development in patients of anovulatory PCOS did not significantly differ compared to non-PCOS infertile women. Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 234-239

scholarly journals Analysis of the variations of follicular fluid composition during follicular growth and maturation in the mare using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Gerard ◽  
S Loiseau ◽  
G Duchamp ◽  
F Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Sugar Chains ◽  
Glucose Metabolites

Follicular development and ovulatory processes in mammals involve local biochemical changes as a result of substantial modifications in cellular metabolism, the most well known of which is steroid variation. In the present study, the intrafollicular variation of several other components was studied using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR). This approach made it possible to demonstrate that the intrafollicular biochemical content changes during follicular growth and maturation. Follicular fluid was aspirated by ovarian puncture of the dominant follicle at various physiological stages of its development: early dominant, late dominant and preovulatory. Serum samples were collected during each puncture session. (1)H NMR was used to evaluate intrafollicular and circulating glycoconjugates (sugar chains and N-acetyl groups), lipoproteins (CH(3) and CH(2) groups), glucose metabolites (trimethylamines, acetate and lactate), amino acids (glutamine/glutamate and alanine), creatine/creatinine and polyamines. Follicular fluids were assayed by radioimmunoassay for oestradiol and progesterone contents. The intrafollicular contents of alanine and lipoproteins (CH(3) groups) decreased in the dominant follicle during growth, whereas concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol increased significantly. After injection of gonadotrophin to induce ovulation, follicular maturation was characterized by a decrease in glycoconjugates (sugar chains), trimethylamines and acetate, a decrease in oestradiol concentration, and a further increase in CH(3) groups of lipoproteins and progesterone. The results from the present study showed a clear correlation between the intrafollicular content of alanine and that of oestradiol. A correlation between progesterone and glycoconjugates (sugar chains) was also observed. Therefore, (1)H NMR was shown to be effective for studying specific changes in the biochemical composition of the follicular fluid that occur during follicular development. For the first time, the variation of several compounds (glycoconjugates, lipoproteins, glucose metabolites, amino acids and polyamines) in relation to growth and maturation was demonstrated. Some of these changes could be of crucial importance for follicular maturation and ovulation as well as for oocyte maturation and further fertilization.

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