scholarly journals A cytomorphometric analysis of the oral mucosa in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 824-833
Author(s):  
RS Lamichhane ◽  
K Boaz ◽  
S Natrajan ◽  
M Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Nuclear Area ◽  
Cytoplasmic Area ◽  
Cellular Area ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

Background:  Although many of the pathological conditions of oral mucosa are clinically distinguishable, most lesions require a definitive diagnosis. This article tried the use of exfoliative cytology as an alternative tool in the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: After rinsing the mouth with normal saline, slides were prepared from buccal mucosa and dorsum of tongue and fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. The slides were stained with Papanicolaou stain and Acridine orange. Fifty clearly defined cells in each slide were visualized under light microscope for cytomorphometric analysis of cells using Image J software and under fluorescence microscope for assessment of nuclear alterations like micronuclei, nuclear budding, binucleation, multinucleation and karyorrhexis.Results: Statistically significant increase in Nuclear area BM (p = 0.000057), Nuclear Area Tongue (p= 0.0000113), total Nuclear Area (p= 000079), Cellular Area BM (p= 0.0475), Cellular Area Tongue (p= 0.0105), Total Cellular Area (p= 0.00496), Cytoplasmic Area Tongue (p= 0.00358), Total Cytoplasmic Area (p= 0.00268) were obtained from epithelial cells in the diabetic group when compared with the control group. Also the epithelial cells from the diabetic group showed features such as nuclear budding, micronuclei, binucleation, karyorrhexis and perinuclear halo. Conclusion:  The objective demonstration of cytomorphometric and nuclear alterations by the oral exfoliated cells indicate the presence of cytological changes in the oral mucosa of diabetic patients despite the apparently normal clinical appearance. Hence, cytomorphometric analysis would aid the health professional as an additional non-invasive tool for the screening and monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus.

scholarly journals Risk of latent tuberculosis infection among diabetic patients in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok province: a case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muayad A Merza ◽  
Abdul Aziz Sulaiman Savo ◽  
Muhammad Jaafer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Previous Hospitalization ◽  
Control Study

Diabetes can be linked with impaired host immunity that subsequently increases the rate of various infections including tuberculosis (TB), particularly in developing countries where TB is endemic. The objectives of this case control study were to determine the prevalence and the risk of LTBI among diabetic patients. It is a prospective case control study conducted in Azadi Teaching Hospital from September 2017 until May 2018. The diabetic patients included in this study were randomly selected. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) was made according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Diabetes mellitus patients and the control participants were offered a voluntary tuberculin skin test (TST). The TST ≥10 mm was considered positive. The results were analyzed by entering the data in SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences, version 16; SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Two hundred DM patients and 208 control individuals participated in this study. Collectively, 28 patients had positive TST results. Based on the sputum smear microscopy and CXR, none of these patients showed active TB disease. The differences between the DM patients and the control group had no statistical significance apart from previous hospitalization. The prevalence of LTBI was 23.53% in the diabetic group, whereas, it was 9.62% in the control group. The frequency of LTBI in diabetic patients was significantly higher than the control group. When the diabetic group was compared with the control group in terms of diabetic control and the duration of diabetes disease, there was a statistically significant association of diabetes duration ≥ 10 years and TST positivity. In conclusion, the previous hospitalization was a significant risk factor for diabetic patients to acquire TB bacilli. Latent TB infection was more common in diabetics than non diabetics and there was an increased likelihood of having LTBI with the duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years. To avoid the threatening of TB control program, prophylactic treatment of LTBI in diabetic patients is paramount.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2018, 4(2): 227-232

scholarly journals Oxidative lipid, protein, and DNA damage as oxidative stress markers in vascular complications of diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omur Tabak ◽  
Remise Gelisgen ◽  
Hayriye Erman ◽  
Fusun Erdenen ◽  
Cüneyt Muderrisoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diabetic complications on oxidation of proteins, lipids, and DNA and to investigate the relationship between oxidative damage markers and clinical parameters. Methods: The study group consisted of 69 type 2 diabetic patients (20 patients without complication, 49 patients with complication) who attended internal medicine outpatient clinics of Istanbul Education and Research Hospital and 19 healthy control subjects. In serum samples of both diabetic patients and healthy subjects, 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as a marker of oxidative DNA damage, Nε-(hexanoyl)lysine (HEL) and 15-F2t-iso-prostaglandin (15-F2t-IsoP). as products of lipooxidative damage, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as markers of protein damage, and paraoxonase1 (PON1) as antioxidant were studied. Results: 15-F2t-IsoP (p < 0.005) and AOPP (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in diabetic group than control group while there were no significant differences in levels of 8-OHdG and HEL between the two groups. AOPP (p < 0.001) and 8-OHdG (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in diabetic group with complications compared to diabetic group without complications. Conclusions: Increased formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, under conditions of hyperglycaemia, is one of the probable causes for evolution of complications in diabetes mellitus. Our study supports the hypothesis that oxidant/antioxidant balance is disturbed in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Effects of atrovastatin on concentrations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A- reductase (HMG-CoA-R), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sortilin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e05-e05
Author(s):  
Ali Nosrati Andevari ◽  
Soheila Moein ◽  
Durdi Qujeq ◽  
Zoleikha Moazezi ◽  
Karimollah Hajian Tilaki
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Proprotein Convertase ◽  
Group I ◽  
Coenzyme A Reductase

Introduction: Atorvastatin hinders cardiovascular disease by reducing cholesterol levels. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) enhances the secretion of insulin by binding to LDL receptor. Sortilin is committed in the transfer of intracellular proteins through the plasma membrane. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of atorvastatin consumption on alterations in the levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA-R), PCSK9 and sortilin in diabetic patients and pre-diabetics. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on 80 individuals including normal subjects, diabetic patients and pre-diabetics. The participated individuals were divided as control group (i) (healthy individuals without diabetes mellitus), diabetic group receiving statin (ii), diabetic group not receiving statin (iii), pre-diabetic group receiving statin (iv) and pre-diabetic group not receiving statin (v). Levels of HMG-COA-R, PCSK9 and sortilin were determined by ELISA method. Results: In diabetics and pre-diabetics taking atorvastatin, the level of HMG-COA-R was not altered significantly compared to diabetics and pre-diabetics not taking atorvastatin, respectively (P> 0.05). The serum PCSK9 level in diabetics and pre-diabetics was significantly higher than the healthy individuals (P= 0.001). Additionally, the serum PCSK9 level in diabetics and pre-diabetics receiving atorvastatin was significantly higher than diabetics and pre-diabetics not receiving atorvastatin, respectively (P=0.001). The serum sortilin level in diabetics and pre-diabetics was significantly higher than the healthy individuals (P=0.001). In addition, the serum sortilin level in pre-diabetics receiving atorvastatin was significantly higher than pre-diabetics not receiving atorvastatin (P=0.001). Conclusion: Atorvastatin improved insulin secretion and sensitivity by increasing serum sortilin and PCSK9 levels. Thereby, it prevented the development of diabetes in diabetics and the progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes in pre-diabetics.

scholarly journals Periapical status and prevalence of apical periodontitis in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e142101220135
Author(s):  
Juliana Érnica Bernardo ◽  
Caroline Loureiro ◽  
Ana Paula Fernandes Ribeiro ◽  
Júlia Guerra de Andrade ◽  
Gladiston William Lobo Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Root Canal Filling

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease that affects the immunoinflammatory response, leading the patient more susceptible to the development of oral diseases, such as apical periodontitis (AP). Thus, this study aimed to clinically and radiographically analyze the periapical status and prevalence of AP in diabetic patients compared to healthy patients. A total of 100 patients were selected and divided into two groups (n = 50): diabetic group - patients with type 2 DM, and control group - systemically healthy patients. Periapical status was analyzed by the periapical index. The quality of the root canal filling and restoration was also evaluated. Difference between the prevalence of AP among the groups were performed by using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). The total number of teeth was lower in diabetic group (p = 0.049). Teeth without previous endodontic treatment with AP were higher in diabetic group (p = 0.006). However, the number of endodontically treated teeth with AP was greater in the control group (p = 0.027). AP in teeth with previous endodontic treatment was associated with unsatisfactory root canal filling and restoration quality (p < 0.01). The presence of pain showed significantly higher values in the diabetic group (p = 0.003). In conclusion, this study showed an association between the presence of AP and DM in cases of teeth without endodontic treatment. Besides, the presence of pain was significantly higher in diabetic patients. However, healthy patients showed more cases of AP in endodontically treated teeth.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Nazmul Hoque Munna ◽  
Md Mohiuddin Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Imtiaj Mahbub
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Directly Observed Therapy ◽  
Pulmonary Tb

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the one of the leading cause of death globally, more marked in developing countries like Bangladesh. The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasing globally fueled by obesity endemic. The study is designed to get an idea about prevalence and clinical impact of DM among pulmonary TB patients. Objective: The aim of the study is to find out the rate and effect of Diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary Tuberculosis. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in DOTS (directly observed therapy, short course) corner, outpatient department (OPD), Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from July to December 2012. 125 patients of pulmonary Tuberculosis were included in this study as case. 125 age and sex matched controls who were not suffering from pulmonary Tuberculosis were taken from the attendant of the patients who had given the consent. Prevalence and clinical impact of diabetes mellitus was sort out in both case and control group and compared with each other. Results: The study shows the prevalence of DM among pulmonary TB patients is 26.4% and among normal population (non TB patients) is 20.8%. The relative risk (odds ratio) of DM among pulmonary TB patients is 1.27 times more than non TB person with p-value - 0.02, which is significant. In symptoms analysis, diabetic patients have got more haemoptysis (45%), in contrast to non-diabetic group (13%), with p-value-0.001. In non-diabetic patients Fever are more common, 88% in contrast to diabetic group 57%, p-value-0.001. Sputum positivity is more common (69%) among diabetic pulmonary TB patients than non diabetic pulmonary TB patients (58%). On chest X ray findings this study reveals that pulmonary TB patient with DM having cavitary lesion is 33% while it is only 9.76% in non-diabetic persons. Conclusion: This study found that there was greater prevalence of DM among pulmonary TB patients (26.4%) than non pulmonary TB persons (20.4%). This findings provides the information that health care provider should intensively search presence of DM in pulmonary TB patients. TAJ 2019; 32(1): 46-53

scholarly journals Structural Changes in the Urinary Bladder of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats and the Possible Protective Role of Insulin

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir M. Bassam Elnagar ◽  
Suhaidah Ibrahim ◽  
Mostafa A. M. Abouelnaga ◽  
Amro Mohamed Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histopathological Changes

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus possesses severe adverse effects on the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder dysfunction is a common health problem affecting diabetic patients causing recurrent infections and urinary incontinence. Objective: To evaluate the histopathological changes in the tissue of urinary bladder in Streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats and the protective role of insulin. Methods: Thirty rats were classified into three groups: a control group which received no treatment (Group A), STZ diabetic group (Group B) and Insulin diabetic group (Group C). Animals were sacrificed after six weeks and urinary bladders were harvested and processed for light and electron microscopy. Results: Several histopathological changes were observed in the urinary bladder of the diabetic group including an increase in the thickness of the urothelium, epithelial cells with dark nuclei and large lenticular vesicles, and wide intercellular spaces with numerous collagen fibers. Treatment with insulin reduced the pathological changes induced by STZ. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus caused significant pathological changes in the urinary bladder of experimental rats. For instance, treating diabetic animals with insulin prevented the development of damaging effects of diabetes on the urinary bladder.

scholarly journals Does diabetes mellitus increase the occurrence of early thrombosis in deep vein following unicompartmental arthroplasty of the knee: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Feng Jiao ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Shuai An ◽  
Jiang Huang ◽  
Ming-Li Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unit Increase

Abstract IntroductionMany patients with knee osteoarthritis also suffer from diabetes mellitus and the possibility of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is increased following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Therefore, we evaluated whether DVT occurrence increased 3 days following operation in diabetic patients undergoing UKA.Materials and methodsThe incidence of deep venous thrombosis between non-diabetic and diabetic patients who underwent UKA in our hospital from August 2018 to January 2020 was compared, and the effect of glycosylated hemoglobin levels on DVT was evaluated.ResultsOf the 84 patients, 25 (29.8%) had diabetes and 59 (70.2%) did not. Within 3 days after operation, DVT occurred in 12 cases (48.0%) in the diabetic group and 8 cases (13.6%) (p < 0.001) in the control group. In logistic regression analysis, the results demonstrated that the risk of deep venous thrombosis in diabetic group was 5.53 times higher compared with non-diabetic group. For every 1 unit increase of glycosylated hemoglobin, the incidence of DVT increased 2.88 times (95% CI: 1.097–7.559, p = 0.032). There was no significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, mode of anesthesia, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, tourniquet pressure and time between the two groups.ConclusionThe incidence of DVT in diabetic patients within 3 days after UKA is significantly higher than that in non-diabetic patients. The higher the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin, the greater the risk of DVT.

scholarly journals Brainstem auditory responses in type-2 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Siddharth Suresh ◽  
Sharwak Ramlan ◽  
Gangadhara Somayaji ◽  
Nimalka Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Multiple Organs

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diabetes mellitus causes pathophysiological changes at multiple organs. Brainstem Evoked Response Auditory (BERA) represents a non-invasive tool to detect diabetes related sensorineural hearing loss. The aim was to assess diabetes related central auditory pathway involvement using BERA.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study comprises two groups, (i) Diabetic group (n=15), (ii) Control group (n=15). The controls were matched for age and sex with the study group. BERA was done for all these patients after detailed clinical examination and relevant blood investigations.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There was significant latency differences found in wave III, V and interpeak latencies I-III, III-V and I-V between control and study groups at 70 dBnHL and 80 dBnHL. At 90 dBnHL the diabetic group demonstrated significant latency differences in waves I, III and V and interpeak I-III, III-V and I-V compared to controls. The duration of DM was 5-10 years in 8 patients (53.3%) out of which 7 subjects (87.5%) had prolonged BERA. 7 patients (46.6%) were diabetic for more than 10 years of which all patients (100%) had prolonged latencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The wave I latency was found non significant which suggests that the pathway from 8<sup>th</sup> nerve to cochlear nucleus is not affected in diabetic patients. The delay in latencies III and V and interpeak latencies I-III, III-V and I-V in diabetic patients compared to the controls suggests brainstem and midbrain involvement. So the study suggests that BERA helps in early detection of central neuronal axis involvement in type-2 diabetes mellitus. </p>

ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Namrata Vinubhai ◽  
Pardeep Agarwal ◽  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Ramkishan Jat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM. Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin. Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

Effectiveness of mobile applications on healthy lifestyles aimed at diabetic patients: review of systematic reviews. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Jesús Represas Carrera Sr ◽  
Ángel Alfredo Martínez Ques Sr ◽  
Ana Clavería Fontán Sr
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is currently a major public health problem worldwide. It is traditionally approached in a clinical inpatient relationship between the patient and the healthcare professional. However, the rise of new technologies, particularly mobile applications, is revolutionizing the traditional healthcare model through the introduction of telehealthcare. OBJECTIVE (1) To assess the effects of mobile applications for improving healthy lifestyles on the quality of life and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus in adult patients. (2) To describe the characteristics of the mobile applications used, identify the healthy lifestyles they target, and describe any adverse effects their use may have. METHODS Review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis, following the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Joanna Briggs Institute. We included studies that used any mobile application aimed at helping patients improve self-management of diabetes mellitus by focusing on healthy lifestyles. Studies needed to include a control group receiving regular care without the use of mobile devices. In May 2018, a search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, LILACS, PsychINFO, Cinahl and Science Direct, updated in May 2019. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Amstar-2 tool. RESULTS Seven systematic reviews of 798 articles were initially selected for analysis. The interventions had a duration of between 1 and 12 months. Mobile applications focused singly or simultaneously on different lifestyles aspects (diet, physical exercise, motivation, blood glucose levels, etc.). There are significant changes in HbA1c values, body weight and BMI, although in others, such as lipid profile, quality of life, or blood pressure, there is no clear improvement. CONCLUSIONS There is clear evidence that the use of mobile applications improves glycemic control in diabetic patients in the short term. There is a lack of evidence in its long-term benefits. It is thus necessary to carry out further studies to learn about the long-term effectiveness of mobile applications aimed at promoting the healthy lifestyles of diabetic patients. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO Register: CRD42019133685

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