scholarly journals Biological Control of Oomycetous Plant Pathogens: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama Shrestha ◽  
Sung Hee Park ◽  
Bhushan Shrestha ◽  
Kangmin Kim ◽  
Jong Chan Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Organisms ◽  
Diverse Plant

Oomycetes are generally known as water molds, and include diverse plant pathogenic organisms. In this review, wesummarized plant diseases mainly caused by oomycetes and highlighted ongoing trends in controlling and managingthese pathogens using eco-friendly ways.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12033Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 157-166

scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals Selection of antagonists for biocontrol of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Ivana Pajcin ◽  
Vanja Vlajkov ◽  
Dragoljub Cvetkovic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Xanthomonas Euvesicatoria ◽  
Selection Of

Xanthomonas euvesicatoria is a worldwide causer of pepper bacterial spot, a bacterial plant disease responsible for massive losses of fresh pepper fruits. Considering the current problems in management of bacterial plant diseases, biological control using antagonistic microbial strains with high potential for plant pathogens suppression emerges as a possible solution. The aim of this study was to select suitable antagonists for suppression of X. euvesicatoria among the bacteria, yeast and fungi from the genera Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces and Trichoderma, based on in vitro antimicrobial activity testing using the diffusion disc method. The results of this study have revealed that cultivation broth samples of the antagonists Lactobacillus MK3 and Trichoderma reseii QM 9414, as well as supernatant samples of the antagonist Pseudomonas aeruginosa I128, have showed significant potential to be applied in biological control of X. euvesicatoria. Further research would be required to formulate suitable cultivation medium and optimize bioprocess conditions for production of the proposed pepper bacterial spot biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Allelopathy and Agricultural Sustainability: Implication in weed management and crop protection—an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Zahir Muhammad ◽  
Naila Inayat ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Hazrat Ali ◽  
Kaleem Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Diverse Plant

Abstract Crop plants have defined roles in agricultural production and feeding the world. They are affected by several environmental and biological stresses, which range from soil salinity, drought, and climate change to exposure to diverse plant pathogens. These stresses pose risk to agricultural sustainability. To avoid the increasing biotic and abiotic pressure on crop plants, agrochemicals are extensively used in agriculture for attaining desirable yield and production of crops. However, the use of agrochemicals is also challenging the integrity of ecosystems. Thus, to maintain the integrity of ecosystem, sustainable measures for elevated crop production are required. Allelopathy, a process of chemical interactions between plants and other organisms, could be used in the management of several biotic and abiotic stresses if the basic mechanisms of the phenomena and plants with allelopathic potentials are known. Allelopathy has a promising future for its application in agriculture for natural weed management, improving soil health and suppressing plant diseases. The aim of this review is to discuss the importance of allelopathy in agriculture and its role in sustainability with a specific focus on weed management and crop protection.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Competition as a Mechanism by Which Enterobacter cloacae Suppresses Pythium ultimum Sporangium Germination and Damping-Off

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 5340-5347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin van Dijk ◽  
Eric B. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Acid Uptake

ABSTRACT Interactions between plant-associated microorganisms play important roles in suppressing plant diseases and enhancing plant growth and development. While competition between plant-associated bacteria and plant pathogens has long been thought to be an important means of suppressing plant diseases microbiologically, unequivocal evidence supporting such a mechanism has been lacking. We present evidence here that competition for plant-derived unsaturated long-chain fatty acids between the biological control bacterium Enterobacter cloacae and the seed-rotting oomycete, Pythium ultimum, results in disease suppression. Since fatty acids from seeds and roots are required to elicit germination responses ofP. ultimum, we generated mutants of E. cloacaeto evaluate the role of E. cloacae fatty acid metabolism on the suppression of Pythium sporangium germination and subsequent plant infection. Two mutants of E. cloacaeEcCT-501R3, Ec31 (fadB) and EcL1 (fadL), were reduced in β-oxidation and fatty acid uptake, respectively. Both strains failed to metabolize linoleic acid, to inactivate the germination-stimulating activity of cottonseed exudate and linoleic acid, and to suppress Pythium seed rot in cotton seedling bioassays. Subclones containing fadBA or fadLcomplemented each of these phenotypes in Ec31 and EcL1, respectively. These data provide strong evidence for a competitive exclusion mechanism for the biological control of P. ultimum-incited seed infections by E. cloacae where E. cloacaeprevents the germination of P. ultimum sporangia by the efficient metabolism of fatty acid components of seed exudate and thus prevents seed infections.

Biopesticides: Use of Rhizosphere Bacteria for Biological Control of Plant Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyavir S Sindhu ◽  
Anju Sehrawat ◽  
Ruchi Sharma ◽  
Anupma Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms

The pesticides used to control pests and diseases are also implicated in ecological, environmental and human health hazards. To reduce the deleterious effects of these agrochemicals, certain antagonistic microorganisms have been characterised from rhizosphere of different crop plants that suppress various plant diseases and thus, minimize the use of pesticides. The application of these specific antagonistic microorganisms in biological control of soilborne pathogens has been studied intensively in the last two decades. These beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms inhibit the pathogenic bacteria and fungi by producing antibiotics, bacteriocins, siderophores, hydrolytic enzymes and other secondary metabolites. The efficiency of these biocontrol products can be improved by manipulation of the environment, using mixtures of beneficial organisms, physiological and genetic enhancement of the biocontrol mechanisms, manipulation of formulations and integration of biocontrol with other alternative methods that provide additive effects. These biocontrol agents could be effectively utilised in sustainable agriculture for improving growth of crop plants.

scholarly journals Antifungal potential of crude extracts of Trichoderma spp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Marques ◽  
Irene Martins ◽  
Sueli Correa Marques de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Antibiotic Effect

Abstract Antibiosis is the mechanism by which certain microorganisms respond to the presence of others, secreting compounds or metabolites capable of inhibiting or impeding their development. The crude extract of Trichoderma contains a mixture of secondary compounds, which may show antibiotic effect, and has been used for the prospect of this fungus for biological control and other industrial purposes. Faced with the increasing demand of agriculture for ecologically compatible alternatives for the management of diseases, this work aimed to investigate the spectrum of action of Non-Volatile Metabolites (NVMs) of Trichoderma isolates against different plant pathogenic fungi. The antagonistic potential of NVMs was evaluated through the incorporation method of the filtered liquid extract in PDA medium. The assays showed that all the NVMs produced inhibited the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum similarly. On the other hand, strains CEN1245 and CEN1274, both belonging to the species Trichoderma brevicompactum, showed broad spectrum against Sclerotium rolfsii, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum and Cylindrocladium sp. The present study describes isolates producing non-volatile metabolites with broad spectrum of antifungal action, as well as pathogen-specific. The Trichoderma spp. NVMs obtained from different soil samples cultivated with vegetables, cassava and maize were efficient in inhibiting plant pathogenic fungi belonging to other patossystems, such as forest or fruit, which could increase their potential application in biological control of plant diseases. In addition, these antagonistic fungi should be studied in greater depth for the identification of bioactive molecules of industrial interest or in commercial formulations of products for biological control of plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Near-Complete Genomes of Two Trichoderma Species: A Resource for Biological Control of Plant Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Yilian Wang ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Yuanzheng Wu ◽  
Jindong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Trichoderma species are widely used to control fungal and nematode diseases of crops. To date, only one complete Trichoderma genome has been sequenced, T. reesei QM6a, a model fungus for industrial enzyme production, while the species or strains used for biological control of plant diseases are only available as draft genomes. Previously, we demonstrated that two Trichoderma strains (T. afroharzianum and T. cyanodichotomus) provide effective control of nematode and fungal plant pathogens. Based on deep sequencing using Illumina and Pacbio platforms, we have assembled high-quality genomes of the above two strains, with contig N50 reaching 4.2 and 1.7 Mbp, respectively, which is greater than those of published draft genomes. The genome data will provide a resource to assist research on the biological control mechanisms of Trichoderma spp.

scholarly journals High-quality complete genome resource of tomato rhizosphere strain Pseudomonas donghuensis P482, a representative of a species with biocontrol activity against plant pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota M Krzyżanowska ◽  
Adam Iwanicki ◽  
Robert Czajkowski ◽  
Sylwia Jafra
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Control Potential ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Plant Microbe Interaction ◽  
Biological Control Potential

Strain P482 was isolated from a tomato rhizosphere and classified as Pseudomonas donghuensis. The P. donghuensis species was first established in 2015 and currently comprises only four strains: P482, HYST, SVBP6, and 22G5. P. donghuensis strains antagonize plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, and therefore are of high interest regarding their biological control potential to combat plant diseases. The antimicrobial activity of P. donghuensis P482 is based on the production of iron scavenging compound 7-hydroxytropolone, antifungal volatile organic compounds, and yet unidentified secondary metabolite(s). Here, we report a complete genome resource for P. donghuensis strain P482. The genome consists of a single chromosome (5 656 185 bp) with 5258 ORFs (5158 protein-coding genes, 74 tRNAs, 22 rRNAs, 3 ncRNAs and 1 tmRNA) and no plasmid. We believe that the information of the first high-quality, complete genome of P. donghuensis will provide resources for analyses targeting the biological control potential of this species and understanding the traits essential for plant-microbe interaction.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Phytopathogens under Aquaponics Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Rivas-García ◽  
Ramsés Ramón González-Estrada ◽  
Roberto Gregorio Chiquito-Contreras ◽  
Juan José Reyes-Pérez ◽  
Uriel González-Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Potential Use

Aquaponics is an alternative method of food production that confers advantages of biological and economic resource preservations. Nonetheless, one of the main difficulties related to aquaponics systems could be the outbreak and dissemination of pathogens. Conventional treatments need to be administrated carefully because they could be harmful to human, fish, plants and beneficial microorganisms. Aquaponics practitioners are relatively helpless against plant diseases when they occur, especially in the case of root pathogens. Biological control agents (BCAs) may be an effective alternative to chemical inputs for dealing with pathogens of plants under aquaponics systems. Research of BCAs on aquaponics systems is limited, but there are numerous publications on the use of BCAs to control plant pathogens under soilless systems which confirm its potential use on aquaponics systems. The present review summarized the principal plant pathogens, the conventional and alternative BCA treatments on aquaponics systems, while considering related research on aquaculture and soilless systems (i.e., hydroponic) for its applicability to aquaponics and future perspectives related to biological control. Finally, we emphasized the case that aquaponics systems provide relatively untapped potential for research on plant biological control agents. Biological control has the potential to reduce the perturbation effects of conventional treatments on microbial communities, fish and plant physiology, and the whole function of the aquaponics system.

scholarly journals High-quality complete genome resource of tomato rhizosphere strain Pseudomonas donghuensis P482, a representative of a species with biocontrol activity against plant pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota M. Krzyżanowska ◽  
Adam Iwanicki ◽  
Robert Czajkowski ◽  
Sylwia Jafra
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Control Potential ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Plant Microbe Interaction ◽  
Biological Control Potential

Strain P482 was isolated from a tomato rhizosphere and classified as Pseudomonas donghuensis. The P. donghuensis species was first established in 2015 and currently comprises only four strains: P482, HYST, SVBP6, and 22G5. P. donghuensis strains antagonize plant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, and therefore are of high interest regarding their biological control potential to combat plant diseases. The antimicrobial activity of P. donghuensis P482 is based on the production of iron scavenging compound 7-hydroxytropolone, antifungal volatile organic compounds, and yet unidentified secondary metabolite(s). Here, we report a complete genome resource for P. donghuensis strain P482. The genome consists of a single chromosome (5 656 185 bp) with 5258 ORFs (5158 protein-coding genes, 74 tRNAs, 22 rRNAs, 3 ncRNAs and 1 tmRNA) and no plasmid. We believe that the information of the first high-quality, complete genome of P. donghuensis will provide resources for analyses targeting the biological control potential of this species and understanding the traits essential for plant-microbe interaction.

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