scholarly journals Evaluation of Plant Extracts against Stemphylium Blight of Lentil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
S. Subedi ◽  
S. M. Shrestha ◽  
G. B. KC ◽  
R. B. Thapa ◽  
S. K. Ghimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Stemphylium Blight ◽  
Unsprayed Plot ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to evaluate five different plant extracts against lentil stemphylium blight (Stemphylium botryosum Walr.) at the Grain Legume Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during two winter seasons (2011/ 12 and 2012/13) using CRD in laboratory and RCBD in field conditions. Water extract of Acorus calamus at higher dose (8% W/V) was able to check the growth of the pathogen completely in-vitro. The mycelial growth inhibition (%) of Xanthoxylum armatum and Lantana camera at 8% concentration in PDA were 31.17 and 24.56 respectively. In the field experiment during 2011/12, extracts were sparingly effective for a short period. However the disease control (PDC) was higher in X. armatum treated plot (31.60%) followed by A. calamaus (28.69%) and L. camera (27.61%) when compared to unsprayed plot. The following year (2012/13) field experimental results also verified the effect of plant extracts against the disease. The lower Disease (%) Index (PDI) was obtained from the plots treated with A. calamus (35.33%) and X. armatum (35.55%). Higher crop yield was recorded from the plot treated with A. calamus (987.39 kg/ha) followed by X. armatum (972.78 kg/ha). Two years’ experimental results revealed that A. calamus and X. armatum were effective botanicals to manage lentil Stemphylium blight.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015)  pp. 11-16

scholarly journals Evaluation of antileishmanial activity of plants used in Indian traditional medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Arushdeep Sidana ◽  
Umar Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Mtt Method

<p>The present study was aimed at <em>in vitro</em> antileishmanial screening of ten plants used in the traditional medicine in India. MTT method was used to evaluate the cell death after application of 100, 250, 350 and 500 μg/mL of the methanolic extracts followed by incubation for 24 hours at 25°C. Methanolic leaf extracts of <em>Acorus calamus, Alstonia scholaris</em> and <em>Berberis aristata</em> showed significant antileishmanial activity at a concentration of 500 µg/ml. In order to identify the antileishmanial compounds present in the active extracts of the screened plants, an LC-MS analysis of the tested extracts was carried out. The active extracts revealed the presence of some natural products with known antileishmanial activity along with other compounds. The present study suggests that the active plant extracts may be processed to isolate the compounds that may further be screened for their antileishmanial potential.</p>

scholarly journals Determination of the Cytotoxic Effect of Different Leaf Extracts from Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anesu Kundishora ◽  
Simbarashe Sithole ◽  
Stanley Mukanganyama
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Parinari Curatellifolia

Despite plants being a rich source of useful chemical compounds with different pharmacological properties, some of these compounds may be toxic to humans. Parinari curatellifolia, among its other important pharmacological activities, has been shown to have significant antiproliferative activity on cancer cell lines. Toxicity studies are required to determine the safety profile of P. curatellifolia in the consideration of its potential pharmaceutical benefits as a source of lead compounds in cancer therapy. The effects of P. curatellifolia on both the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane and on normal cells were determined. The dried leaf powder of P. curatellifolia was used in serial exhaustive extraction procedures using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water as solvents in addition to extraction using DCM: methanol in equal ratio. Alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins were isolated from the ethanol extract. The leaf extracts were tested for haemolytic activity on sheep erythrocytes at concentrations of 0.625 to 5 mg/ml. The extracts were also tested for toxicity activity on normal mammalian cells such as the BALB/c mice peritoneal cells using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) at the concentrations of 6.3 to 50 μg/ml. In the haemolysis assays, none of the plant extracts had a significant haemolytic activity with the saponin-enriched extract having the maximum haemolytic activity of 12.2% for a concentration of 5 mg/ml. In the MTT cell viability assay, none of the 11 plant extracts had significant cytotoxicity. The water extract, however, had significant ( p < 0.01 ) proliferative activity towards the murine immune cells at all concentrations. P. curatellifolia leaf extracts were, therefore, not toxic to both erythrocytes and immune cells, and the water extract may have immunostimulatory effects. It is concluded that P. curatellifolia leaf extracts are not toxic in vitro and, therefore, our results support the use of the plant for ethnomedicinal use.

scholarly journals The Antiviral Effect of Indonesian Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Dengue Virus In Vitro and In Silico

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmalena Rosmalena ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Beti E. Dewi ◽  
Fithriyah Fithriyah ◽  
Hidayati Desti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Free Energy Of Binding ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Silico Analysis

Dengue infections are still a worldwide burden, especially in Indonesia. There is no specific medication against the dengue virus. Recently, many types of research have been conducted to discover a new drug for dengue virus using natural resource extracts. Indonesia, as a tropical country, has a wide biodiversity. There are several medicinal plants in Indonesia that are believed to possess anti-dengue activity, such as Myristica fatua, Cymbopogon citratus, and Acorus calamus plants. We conducted an in vitro laboratory experiment of several extracts from Indonesian herbs combined with in silico analysis. The extracts were evaluated for safety and antiviral activity in Huh7it-1 cell lines, using a single dose of 20 µg/mL and dose-dependent (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 µg/mL) of plant extracts against dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) NGC strain. The DMSO 0.1% was used as a negative control. The cytotoxic aspect was assessed by counting the cell viability, while the antiviral activity was calculated by counting the average inhibition. The selectivity index (SI) of plant extracts were performed from a ratio of CC50/EC50 value. In silico analysis was conducted to determine the free energy of binding between NS5 of dengue virus with bioactive compounds contained in Myristica fatua, Cymbopogon citratus and Acorus calamus extract plants. We determined that all extracts were not toxic against Huh7it-1 cell lines. The methanolic extracts of A. calamus, C. citratus, and M. fatua showed inhibition of DENV-2 at a dose of 20 µg/mL to 96.5%, 98.9%, and 122.7%, respectively. The dose-dependent effects showed that M. fatua has the best inhibition activity towards DENV-2. Molecular docking result showed that artesunic acid within M. fatua has the best free energy of binding (−7.2 kcal/mol), followed by homoegonol (−7.1 kcal/mol) which was slightly different from artesunic acid among others. The methanolic extracts of A. calamus, C. citratus, and M. fatua showed prospective anti-dengue activities both in vitro and in silico. Future research should be conducted to find the pure extracts of all useful herbs as a new candidate of antiviral drug.

Evaluation of the in vitro trypanocidal activity of plant extracts from the Brazilian Cerrado

Planta Medica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Cunha ◽  
FM Dos Santos ◽  
JA Peixoto ◽  
RCS Veneziani ◽  
AEM Crotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Trypanocidal Activity

Inhibitory effects of epimedium herb water extract on the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
YC Oh ◽  
YH Jeong ◽  
WK Cho ◽  
SJ Lee ◽  
JY Ma
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

Significance of In-Vitro and In-Vivo Correlation in Drug Delivery System

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-531
Author(s):  
Hina Mumtaz ◽  
Muhammad Asim Farooq ◽  
Zainab Batool ◽  
Anam Ahsan ◽  
Ashikujaman Syed
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Form Development

The main purpose of development pharmaceutical dosage form is to find out the in vivo and in vitro behavior of dosage form. This challenge is overcome by implementation of in-vivo and in-vitro correlation. Application of this technique is economical and time saving in dosage form development. It shortens the period of development dosage form as well as improves product quality. IVIVC reduce the experimental study on human because IVIVC involves the in vivo relevant media utilization in vitro specifications. The key goal of IVIVC is to serve as alternate for in vivo bioavailability studies and serve as justification for bio waivers. IVIVC follows the specifications and relevant quality control parameters that lead to improvement in pharmaceutical dosage form development in short period of time. Recently in-vivo in-vitro correlation (IVIVC) has found application to predict the pharmacokinetic behaviour of pharmaceutical preparations. It has emerged as a reliable tool to find the mode of absorption of several dosage forms. It is used to correlate the in-vitro dissolution with in vivo pharmacokinetic profile. IVIVC made use to predict the bioavailability of the drug of particular dosage form. IVIVC is satisfactory for the therapeutic release profile specifications of the formulation. IVIVC model has capability to predict plasma drug concentration from in vitro dissolution media.

Natural products from the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia: A potential lead for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1285
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafout ◽  
Amine Ousaid ◽  
Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani ◽  
Youssef Khayati ◽  
Amal Ait Haj Said
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Promising Source

The new SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronaviruses family has caused a pandemic affecting millions of people around the world. This pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization as an international public health emergency. Although several clinical trials involving a large number of drugs are currently underway, no treatment protocol for COVID-19 has been officially approved so far. Here we demonstrate through a search in the scientific literature that the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia, which includes more than 500 medicinal plants, is a fascinating and promising source for the research of natural molecules active against SARS-CoV-2. Multiple in-silico and in-vitro studies showed that some of the medicinal plants used by Moroccans for centuries possess inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitory activities are achieved through the different molecular mechanisms of virus penetration and replication, or indirectly through stimulation of immunity. Thus, the potential of plants, plant extracts and molecules derived from plants that are traditionally used in Morocco and have activity against SARS-CoV-2, could be explored in the search for a preventive or curative treatment against COVID-19. Furthermore, safe plants or plant extracts that are proven to stimulate immunity could be officially recommended by governments as nutritional supplements.

The In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Water Leaf Extract of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-163
Author(s):  
Ekajayanti Kining ◽  
Syamsul Falah ◽  
Novik Nurhidayat
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of opportunistic pathogen forming bacterial biofilm. The biofilm sustains the bacterial survival and infections. This study aimed to assess the activity of water extract of papaya leaves on inhibition of cells attachment, growth and degradation of the biofilm using crystal violet (CV) biofilm assay. Research results showed that water extract of papaya leaves contains alkaloids, tanins, flavonoids, and steroids/terpenoids and showed antibacterial activity and antibiofilm against P. aeruginosa. Addition of extract can inhibit the cell attachment and was able to degrade the biofilm of 40.92% and 48.058% respectively at optimum conditions: extract concentration of 25% (v/v), temperature 37.5 °C and contact time 45 minutes. With a concentration of 25% (v/v), temperature of 50 °C and the contact time of 3 days, extract of papaya leaves can inhibit the growth of biofilms of 39.837% v/v.

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