Tree Diversity Conservation Initiatives in Sacred Groves of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Laxmi Joshi Shrestha ◽  
Mohan Devkota ◽  
Bhuvan Keshar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Management System ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
The Government

 The study was conducted in two sacred groves of Kathmandu Valley, Pashupati Sacred Grove, and Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove, aiming to analyze the diversity of tree species and their role in conserving biodiversity. Parallel transects with concentric circular plot survey methods were applied for data collection. During the study, 23 tree species belonging to 22 genera and 15 families were recorded in Pashupati sacred grove, whereas only 19 tree species belonging to 16 genera and 13 families were recorded from Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove. The Shannon-Weiner diversity indices were higher (H=1.91) in Pashupati Sacred Grove compared to Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove, with 1.80 Shanon-Weiner Indices. Three types of forest were recorded from Pashupati Sacred Grove, namely the Schima-Pyrus forest, Myrsine-Persea forest, and Quercus-Myrsine forest, and only one Neolitsiacuipala forest from Bajrabarahi Sacred Grove. The sacred grove is one of the pioneers and community-based management regimes of the forest resource management system. It plays a decisive role in biodiversity conservation as it associated with many taboos and belief systems, thus providing a better opportunity for conservation compared to that of the government management system.

scholarly journals Dhwaj sacred grove: A unique example of cultural beliefs and traditional conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-564
Author(s):  
Harsh Singh ◽  
◽  
Vaibhav Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Belief Systems ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Cultural Belief ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
Indian Himalayas

Sacred groves are well-protected areas managed by strong spiritual beliefs by the local communities and often represent the relict climax vegetation the region. The present study was conducted in Dhwaj sacred grove from the Central region of Indian Himalayas, releasing its role in biodiversity conservation through traditional and cultural belief systems. Total 81 species belonging to 67 genera and 50 families of plants were identified; in which 40 species were flowering plants, 23 species were lichens, 7 species bryophytes, 12 species were pteridophytes and only one species was gymnosperm. Rhododendron arboreum and Quercus leuchotricophora is the most dominant tree species in the grove showing highest IVI values. Ethnobotanically, 40 species belonging to 38 genera and 27 families are used by the local communities for the treatment of various ailments. But, due to high anthropogenic pressure, this grove facing several threat of degradation, hence special attention is needed towards its conservation and motivation to promote our traditional knowledge.

scholarly journals Tree regeneration in sacred groves of Kathmandu valley, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
L.J. Shrestha ◽  
M.P. Devkota ◽  
B.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Schima Wallichii ◽  
Castanopsis Indica ◽  
Pyrus Pashia

Population structure and regeneration status of tree species were studied in two sacred groves of Kathmandu valley, Pashupati (PSG) and Bajrabarahi (BSG) by sampling in concentric circular plots of 20 m radius. The dominant tree species of PSG are Schima wallichii, Pyrus pashia, Myrsine capitellata, Persea odoratissima and Quercus glauca, where as those in BSG are Neolitsea cuipala, Castanopsis indica,, Choerospondias axillaris, Schima wallichii and, Myrsine capitellata. On the basis of biomass removal, tree cutting, livestock and wildlife grazing and other anthropogenic activities, disturbance levels were classified as undisturbed, least disturbed, moderately disturbed and highly disturbed. The highest number of seedlings, saplings and adults were found in the least disturbed areas of the studied groves showing good to fair regeneration of tree species. In this study Pyrus pashia, Myrsine capitellata, Castanopsis indica, Neolitsea cuipala are found in good and fair state of regeneration. Management authority should address the prevalent factors affecting natural regeneration of the tree species.ECOPRINT 22: 29-38, 2015

scholarly journals Understory Species Diversity, Regeneration and Recruitment Potential of Sacred Groves in South West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Onyekwelu ◽  
A. Lawal ◽  
R. Mosandl ◽  
B. Stimm ◽  
A. D. Agbelade
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Understory Species ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Overstory Trees

Abstract Background Global species extinction rates due to forest conversions are increasing. Ecologists, conservationists and governments have adopted various conservation methods. Sacred grove is one conservation option that has gained attention in recent time. We assessed understory species diversity, regeneration and recruitment potentials of four sacred groves in southwestern Nigeria. Overstory tree species were inventoried in eight 800m2 temporary sample plots, systematically laid along two transects of 1000m each. Understory tree species were assessed in 100m2 plots for saplings and 25m2 plots for seedlings in all sample plots. Results Shannon-Wiener diversity index (1.8-3.46 (overstory); 2.65-3.55 (understory)), number of species (32-58 (overstory); 39-78 (understory)) and tree density (309-417 individuals/ha (overstory); 775-1445 individuals/ha (understory)) were comparable and/or higher at the understories than the overstories. Dbh distribution curves showed highest stand density at the lowest class (10–20 cm) and decreased with increasing dbh, indicating good regeneration status and healthy ecosystem. Regeneration was considered good and fair, because in most cases, number of seedlings > saplings > overstory trees or number of seedlings > saplings ≤ overstory trees. The good regeneration status was further confirmed by the good species recruitment in the understory. Some tree species were found to be unique to some sacred groves while some species that were absent in protected forests existed in the groves. The presence of these unique tree species indicated the potential of sacred groves in conserving important tree species. The high regeneration could be attributed to strict access restrictions in the groves, and the taboos and myths feared by the people. However, the high influx of people into sacred groves for festivals and rituals, which results in trampling and burning of seedlings, is a threat to the diversity, regeneration and recruitment potentials of the groves.Conclusion High regeneration and recruitment status maintained in all the sacred groves in this study were achieved using taboos, cultural and traditional methods. These methods could be incorporated in managing forest reserves in Southwestern Nigeria.

scholarly journals Ground flora species richness and diversity in traditional forests of southwest, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1731-1738
Author(s):  
O.J. Oyelowo ◽  
A.M. Aduradola ◽  
O.D. Akinyemi ◽  
O.R. Olatidoye
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
High Diversity

Diversity indices of tree species in tropical rainforest have been studied, but less effort has been devoted to the ground flora studies especially in sacred groves of tropical rainforest, Nigeria, as it plays a critical role in nutrient cycling and energy flow within the forest ecosystem. This study was carried out to determine the ground flora species diversity, richness and density in five traditional forests (Igbo-Ile, Igbo-Oba, Igbo-Olua, Igbo-Olodumare Igbo-Gbopo) of southwestern Nigeria. The ground flora enumeration of 5 x 10m was laid at the centre of 50 x 50m laid in each of the sacred grove. All plants with dbh < 10cm were identified and the frequency of occurrence recorded. In all the Sacred Groves, a total of 14064 plants/ha individual were recorded with 80 species distributed among 36 families. Igbo-Oba had highest diversity index of 3.21, followed by Igbo-Olodumare (2.80), Igbo-Ile (2.42). The least diversity index was recorded in Igbo-Gbopo (1.97). Among the 36 families, maximum species was recorded in Sterculiaceae (10), followed by Euphorbiaceae (5), Apocynaceae (4), Combretaceae (4) and Sapindaceae (4). Among the families with lowest frequencies (1) recorded are: Acanthaceae, Araceae, Rutaceae, Sapotaceae, Solanaceae. The study concludes that anthropogenic disturbances observed, e.g. farming, spiritual engagements etc. around Igbo-Olua and Igbo-Gbopo might have contributed to low diversity index compared to Igbo-Ile, Igbo-Oba and Igbo-Olodumare where high diversity index was recorded. It is recommended that to maintain high diversity index in the scared groves, buffer zones should be created around the sacred groves. Keywords: sacred grove, diversity, ground flora, herbaceous

scholarly journals Distribution of Syzygium travancoricum Gamble (Myrtaceae), a Critically Endangered tree species from Kerala part of Western Ghats, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 17340-17346
Author(s):  
V.B. Sreekumar ◽  
K.A. Sreejith ◽  
M.S. Sanil ◽  
M.K. Harinarayanan ◽  
M.P. Prejith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Sacred Groves ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Endangered Tree Species ◽  
Syzygium Travancoricum

Syzygium travancoricum Gamble is an endemic, Critically Endangered tree species found in marshy swamps of the Western Ghats. An assessment was conducted on existing distribution pattern and population structure of this species in Kerala. Most of the existing populations are mainly located in sacred groves and this tree is an ideal example on role of sacred groves in conserving biodiversity especially IUCN red listed species. A total of 465 individuals were recorded in which maximum number of sapling density was recorded in Kalasamala Sacred grove followed by patches of Myristica swamps in Kulathupuzha. Fragmentation of populations, habitat modification, over exploitation, pollution and invasion of exotics are major threats to S. travancoricum. Hence urgent intervention is required for restoration programmes, management of habitat and subsequently delisting this species from IUCN red list of threatened species.

scholarly journals Conservation status of tree species in Himchari National Park of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hossen ◽  
MK Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
The Government

Himchari National Park (HNP) was declared as a Protected Area (PA) in 1980 under the section 23(II) of Bangladesh Wildlife Preservation Act 1974 of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. The total area of the HNP is about 1,729 ha (4,271.15 acres) under the jurisdiction of Cox’s Bazar South Forest Division, Cox’s Bazar district. Once the forest was very rich in flora and fauna, but many of the species have disappeared due to habitat destruction, over-exploitation, habitat fragmentation, fire hazard, encroachment, indiscriminate harvesting of tree species and Non-Timber Forest products. The study was conducted through extensive whole area survey and quadrat survey methods. A total of 117 tree species (having ≥ 5 cm dbh) belonging to 37 families was recorded from the HNP. Moraceae family possesses the highest species (14) followed by Mimosaceae (8), Euphorbiaceae (7), Myrtaceae (6) and 5 species each by Anacardiaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Meliaceae and Verbenaceae. A total of 69 tree species (59%) was found as Least Concern (LC) representing maximum tree species among all the categories. Vulnerable, Endangered, Near Threatened and Critically Endangered tree species were represented by 16 species (14%), 4 species (3%), 2 species (2%) and 2 species (2%), respectively. It is necessary to take effective measures for the protection, sustainable management, proper utilization and conservation of tree species in an aim to conserve the forest genetic resources of the Himchari natural forests. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(2): 1-10

The Place of Traditional Artists in the Preservation of Nigerian Art

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Victoria N Osuagwu
Keyword(s):  
Belief Systems ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Art World ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Artists ◽  
Global Art ◽  
Source Of Information

Human beings have always left signs of their activities behind them. These signs take both tangible and intangible forms, including buildings, sites, sculptural works, antiquities, rock art paintings, belief systems, and traditions. The people of this millennium have recognized the remains of our fore-bears namely archaeological, architectural monuments, sites, and cultural works as an integral part of the cultural heritage of all humanity. They also recognized the fact that heritage is an invaluable source of information about the lives and activities of human beings and their artistic and technical capabilities over the centuries. The Nigerian Ancient Art Tradition which spans eight thousand years is a product of diverse artists from Dufuna, Nok, Igbo-Ukwu, Ife, Owo, Benin, Tada, etc. Also remarkable are the sculptural works created by late Susanne Wenger (an Austrian) and her New Sacred Art Movement in Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, which gave meaning to open spaces within the grove. This paper examines the role played by these artworks to project Nigeria to the global art world. The benefits to Nigeria and the global art traditions and recommendations on how to revive this dwindling economic resource will also be examined. The approach used was to study the artworks produced by some of these artists. Some of the findings were that the works were carefully done with suitable materials that have withstood climate change.

Climate resilience through natural regeneration in degraded natural forests of south-eastern hilly region of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Md Khayrul Alam Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Akhter Hossain ◽  
Abdul Kadir Ibne Kamal ◽  
Mohammed Kamal Hossain ◽  
Mohammed Jashimuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Ecological Dominance

A study was conducted by using 5m × 5m sized 179 quadrates following multistage random sampling method for comparative regenerating tree species, quantitative structure, diversity, similarity and climate resilience in the degraded natural forests and plantations of Cox's Bazar North and South Forest Divisions. A total of 70 regenerating tree species were recorded representing maximum (47 species) from degraded natural forests followed by 43 species from 0.5 year 39 species from 1.5 year and 29 species from 2.5 year old plantations. Quantitative structure relating to ecological dominance indicated dominance of Acacia auriculiformis, Grewia nervosa and Lithocarpus elegans seedlings in the plantations whereas seedlings of Aporosa wallichii, Suregada multiflora and Grewia nervosa in degraded natural forests. The degraded natural forests possess higher natural regeneration potential as showed by different diversity indices. The dominance-based cluster analysis showed 2 major cluster of species under one of which multiple sub-clusters of species exists. Poor plant diversity and presence of regenerating exotic species in the plantations indicated poor climate resilience of forest ecosystem in terms of natural regeneration.

CETREL's environmental management system (BS-7750): an advanced and innovative project

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
F. A. Pereira ◽  
A. B. Kauss
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Management System ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The Government

This paper analyses all of the activities carried out by CETREL to establish its Environmental Management System - EMS. This system encompasses all of CETREL's environmental protection efforts: treatment of industrial effluents and residues; environmental monitoring (soil, air, groundwater, rivers and the sea); wildlife preservation programme, environmental education programme, among other activities. CETREL's EMS is a mid-sized system consisting of nearly 425 Instruments (244 Procedures and 181 Work Instructions). The size of the system was selected based on British Standard BS-7750, which provides the principal tools that will allow the organisation to continually maximise beneficial environmental effects while minimising adverse environmental effects. Since the EMS in question is a voluntary one, the result of initiatives taken by CETREL itself, the system's design and architecture were chosen so that the Company's environmental standards would be more stringent than those in the environmental legislation, that is, stricter than the government-mandated environmental requirements.

Project implementation management of the russian federation state programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.А. Gavrilova ◽  
◽  
V.I. Filippov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Management System ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Implementation Management

The article is devoted to the project management as a modern direction of management. The questions of becoming and development the project management of the Russian Federation state programs are considered, also the reform of management system of the Russian Federation state programs conducted by the Government of the Russian Federation is presented.

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