scholarly journals First Record of Argulus japonicus (Crustacea: Branchiura) on Cyprinus carpio in Nepal, with Additional Notes on Morphology and Prevalence of A. Japonicus and Its Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rayamajhi ◽  
S. K.C. ◽  
S. G.C. ◽  
P. Kunwor
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Poor Growth

The present study recorded the parasite Argulus japonicus (Crustacea: Branchiura) as the first discovery in Nepal. The description was based on using 11 males (4.12 mm average TL) and 5 females (4.18 mm average TL) of Argulus japonicus which were collected from Godawari fish farm, Lalitpur. Biological behavior of one summer old common carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected with Argulus japonicuswere sluggish movement, jumping and poor growth grown in earthen pond in winter at water temperature 15.5 ºC and pH 7.4. Heavily infected fishes showed brown-grey to reddish points throughout their body surface, especially on the caudal fins and on the body portion. Prevalence rate of this parasite was 80% in infected common carp fish with an average weight 261.80±85.12 g and length 22.9±4.9 cm. Argulus mean intensity count was averaged 10.2 per infected fish with relatively high infestation in body surface (2.8±3.9) followed by caudal fin (1.8±4.5) and dorsal fin (1.1±1.5). Prevalence rate of this parasite in treated common carp reduced by 95% and Argulids assembled in several regions of the fish was in average 0.1/treated fish by feeding Duroclean treated feed. Duroclean, an aquaculture drug was found effective to control this parasite. The effective dose of the drug was 0.3 g per kg fish feed and fed for 3 days consecutively with one day off and then again for 2 days.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Salinity Concentrations on the Chemical analysis and Time Appearance of Feces for Cyprinus Carpio

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Hasan Ali Al Hilali ◽  
Mohammed Shaker Al-Khshali
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Appearance Time

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of high salinity on some stress parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which gradually exposed to salt concentrations of 5, 10 and 15g/liter, as well as tap water (water without chlorine) (control 0.1g/liter) for 90 days. Eighty fish were randomly distributed on eight glass tanks with 2 replicates, 10 fish / replicate at average weight of 15 ± 3 g, to study the effect of salinity on the time appearance of feces and, the chemical analysis of the body composition .The results showed that the appearance time of feces was decreased with the rise of salt concentrations of common carp. As the passage of food through digestive tract took less time in high salinities. and the appearance of feces was after 4.16 hours of feed intake in a salt concentration of 15 g/liter, whereas it started after 5.22 hours in a saline concentration of 10 g/l and after 6.11 in a salt concentration of 5g/l in comparison with the control treatment (6.17 hours). Regarding the chemical analysis of the body composition, it was found that the moisture dropped with the rise of salinity, as it mounted to 77.09, 74.94 and 73.80% in the salt concentrations 5,10 and 15 g/l respectively, in comparison with the control treatment (78.45%).The percentage of protein decreased to 14.19, 13.89 and 13.74% in the salt concentrations 5, 10 and 15 g/l respectively, in comparison with the control treatment (14.28%).The percentage of fat amounted to 5.71, 5.68, and 5.66% in the salt concentrations 5,10 and 15 g/l respectively, in comparison with the control treatment (5.73%). whereas the percentage of ash was increased to 3.01, 5.40 and 6.80% with the increase in salinity to 5,10 and 15 g/l respectively ,compared with the control treatment (1.80%).

scholarly journals Determination of Niclosamide and its Metabolites in Liver and Muscles of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Brankica Kartalović ◽  
Mira Pucarević ◽  
Zoran Marković ◽  
Marko Stanković ◽  
Nikolina Novakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Background: Niclosamide is a medication used to treat tapeworm infestation in animals and humans. It is also lampricide and molluscicide, and can be used in in agriculture as a pesticide. In the treatment of parasitic diseases in fish, niclosamide can be used as bath or mixed with the feed. Its most important use in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is for the treatment of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, which is a very common parasite in this fish species. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of niclosamide (NIC) and its metabolite 2-chloro 4-nitro aniline (CNA) and 5-chloro salycilic acid (CSA) in the liver and muscles of common carp fingerlings.Materials, Methods & Results: The fish for the experiment were obtained from Kapetanski Rit fish pond, and were acclimated to test conditions at 20.5 ± 1°C. Common carps with an average mass of 60 ± 10 g were treated with niclosamide in concentration of 2 g/kg of feed during five consecutive days. The experiment was performed in two treatments: one control and niclosamide, in three replications.  Each group contained of 30 fish, in 120 L polyethylene tanks. At the end of the treatment, the levels of niclosamide residues were determined using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis during over 13 days. The mean values of niclosamide and CNA concentrations in the muscles ranged from 27.7 µg/kg starting from the first day to <0.5 µg/kg on the 11th day and 14.2 µg/kg from the first day to <1 µg/kg on the 9th day. The CSA metabolite in muscles were <1 µg/kg during throughout the entire study. The niclosamide concentration in the liver were found to be 51.5 (30.2-61.8) µg/kg the first day and decreased proportionally to <0.5 µg/kg on the13th day. CNA level in the liver of treated Common Carps amounted to 170.1 (157-181) µg/kg on the first day and continuously declined until the 13th day when recorded values were <1 µg/kg. The CSA concentrations in the liver reached a maximum level of 11.5 (10.1-12.8) µg/kg on the 7th day and fell to <1 µg/kg on the 13th day.Discussion: Niclosamide use in fish is questionable, primarily due to the possible toxic effects on some aquatic organisms. In Serbia, niclosamide preparation for use in aquaculture, has been produced by Veterinarski zavod Subotica since 1984 when it was registred for the first time. Niclosamid degradation mechanism showed that the metabolism of niclosamide resulted in two main metabolites CNA and CSA. Withdrawal of niclosamide and its residues in the liver and muscle in the present investigation lasted from 9 to 13 days. This decrease in residues concentrations is expected and depends primarily on several factors such as the length and concentration of drug with which the fish is treated, biotransformation, excretion and decomposition of used drug. Niclosamide and CNA were proportionally decreased during the withdrawal time, while the CSA value increased to the seventh day although the fish during this period no longer consumed food with niclosamide, after which the value then decreased until the end of its elimination. This is also not unexpected because it is known that liver and gallbladder is a major organ for collection, storage and elimination of chemical residues. Although the treated fish received 2 mg of the niclosamide per g of feed for five consecutive days results obtained in this study indicate that the maximal residues concentrations were much lower than doses of niclosamide that each fish absorbed into the body. Data obtained during this study provided information about the concentration and withdrawal times of niclosamide and its residues CNA and CSA in the liver and muscles of common carp treated orally.

scholarly journals Penambahan nano CaO limbah cangkang kijing (Pilsbryocncha exilis) pada media bersalinitas untuk pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Asmaini Asmaini ◽  
Lia Handayani ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Fish Weight

Salinitas diperairan dapat menimbulkan tekanan osmosis yang berbeda dengan tekanan osmosis dalam tubuh organisme perairan. Ion Ca2+ merupakan salah satu ion yang terkandung dalam kadar salinitas yang menentukan tekanan osmosis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan nano kalsium cangkang kijing (NCCK) pada pakan dan lingkungan dalam pemeliharaan media bersalinitas 4 ppt. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 40 hari dilaboratorium perikanan, Universitas Abulyatama. Berat rata-rata ikan pada awal penelitian yaitu 1,82 gram dengan jumlah ikan 648 ekor dengan menggunakan 9 akuarium yaitu 72 ekor/akuarium. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji T (perbandingan) antara ikan nila tanpa penambahan NCCK pada pakan dan lingkungan (A) dengan penambahan NCCK sebanyak 2% pada pakan (B) dan penambahan NCCK sebanyak 40 mg/L pada lingkungan (C). Hasil yang diperoleh antara perbandingan A dan B adalah berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan berat namun berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan panjang dan kelangsungan hidup. Untuk uji T antara perlakuan A dan C berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan panjang dan kelangsungan hidup, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan berat. Sedangkan untuk uji T antara perlakuan B dan C berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan berat dan panjang. Kalsium mempunyai peran penting dalam proses osmoregulasi pada ikan, dengan adanya penambahan kalsium dapat mempercepat osmoregulasi. Hasil uji kadar kalsium (Ca2+) dengan proses kalsinasi menggunakan metode AAS (Atomic Absortion Spectrophotometer) adalah 77,15%.Kata kunci: cangkang kijing; nano CaO; osmoregulasi; salinitas Water salinity can cause osmotic pressure which is different from the osmotic pressure that occurs in the body of the aquatic organisms. The Ca2+ ion is one of the ions contains in salinity which can initiate the osmotic pressure. This study aims to find out the effect of nano calcium addition from the mussel shell (NCCK) in the fish feed and the environment in the 4 ppt salinity media. This research was done for 40 days in a fishery laboratory, Abulyatama University. The average weight of fish at the study was 1.82 grams, with the number of fish 648 using 9 aquariums that is 72 fish/aquarium. The data were analyzed using the t-test (comparison) between (A) tilapia without the addition of NCCK in the fish feed and environment, (B) tilapia with the 2% addition of NCCK in the fish feed, (C) tilapia with the 40mg/L addition of NCCK in the environment (C). The result obtained from the ratio of A and B shows a significant effect on fish weight growth. However, this result did not affect the fish length and survival rate. Moreover, the result from the t-test between A and C also shows a significant effect on the length and survival rate. Nevertheless, this result did not affect fish weight growth. Further, the t-test between B and C shows a significant effect on the survival rate but did not have any effect on the fish growth both in weight and length. Calcium has an essential role in the osmoregulation process in fish, with the addition of calcium can accelerate osmoregulation. The result of the Calcium (Ca2+) test with the calcination process using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) method was 77.15%.Keywords:  mussel shell; nano CaO; osmoregulation; salinity

scholarly journals Effect of salts addition of some organic acids on growth performance of Common Carp Juvenile Cyprinus carpio L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Ashwaq Muhan Muhsan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sodium Formate ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Growth Indices

     This study was carried out in the laboratories of fish for 90 days in 16 glass aquaria (60 cm, 40 cm and 30 cm/70 L) to investigate the effect of some organic acids salts on some growth indices of common carp fish Cyprinus carpio L. A 128 fish were used with an average weight of (40.8±1) gm. and have been distributed on eight treatments with two replicate and eight fish for each replicate. Formulated eight diets that equally iso-nitrogenous (33.85%) and iso-caloric (1535.605 KJ/gm) were investigated. Organic acids salts (Sodium lactate, Sodium acetate and Sodiumformate) were supplemented singly (0.5% of each salts) and mixed to the experimental diets (0.25% of each salts). The statistical results showed that treatments T6 (0.25% sodium lactate + 0.25% sodium formate) had the best studied growth parameters at the level of P≤0.05 which clarified by weight gain (41.05±0.25 gm) and food conversion ratio (2.8±0.02).

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of brain in relation to the body length and weight of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in captive (hatchery) and wild (river system) populations

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khan ◽  
M. I. Khan ◽  
S. Hussain ◽  
Z. Masood ◽  
M. Shadman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
River System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Cyprinus carpio is the member of family cyprinidae commonly called common carp. This study was aimed to find out the comparison of brain of wild (river system) and captive (hatchery reared) population of common carp. A total of thirty samples (15 from hatchery and 15 from river Swat) were collected. All the specimens were examined in Laboratory of Parasitoloy, Zoology Department, University of Malakand. Findings indicated that wild population were greater in brain size and weight as compared to hatchery reared population. The fish samples collected from captive environment (hatchery) were showing more weight and length as compared to wild population of common carps. The mean value of total weight of hatchery fishes 345±48.68 and the mean value of brain weight of hatchery reared fishes 0.28±0.047. The mean value of wild fish’s total body weight 195.16±52.58 and the mean value of brain weight of wild fishes are 0.45±0.14. Present research calls for the fact that fish in dependent environmental conditions possess brain larger in size as compared to its captive population, it is due to use and disuse of brain in their environmental requirements.

scholarly journals The use of fish silage in different composition for the growth of carp Cyprinus carpio L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Julio David ◽  
Sartje Lantu ◽  
Henneke Pangkey ◽  
Lawrence J.L. Lumingas ◽  
Jeffrie F. Mokolensang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Total Gain

This study aims to examine the fish silage for total gain weight, growth rate, and the specific growth rate of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), which is cultivated in 12 nets (1x0,5x1m), with the density of 10 fish (3-5 cm) on each net. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications; treatment A with 10% fish silage, treatment B with fish silage 20%, treatment C with 30% fish silage and treatment D were commercial pellet. The ANOVA test showed that the treatment effect among feed A, B, C, and D tested did not give a significant difference to total gain weight, growth rate and the specific growth of carp fry.Keyword: common carp, fish silage, fish feed, growth ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah pemberian silase ikan bagi pertumbuhan mutlak, pertumbuhan nisbi, dan pertumbuhan harian ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.), yang dipelihara dalam petak-petak jaring berukuran 1x 0,5 x 1 m, dengan padat penebaran 10 ekor ikan berukuran  3-5 cm. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan; perlakuan A pelet berkomposisi silase ikan 10%, perlakuan B pelet berkomposisi silase ikan 20 %, perlakuan C pelet berkomposisi silase ikan 30 % dan perlakuan D adalah pelet komersil. Uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh perlakuan di antara pakan A, B, C, dan D yang diujicobakan tidak memberikan perbedaan yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, pertumbuhan nisbi dan pertumbuhan harian benih ikan mas.Kata kunci : ikan mas, silase ikan, pakan ikan, pertumbuhan

scholarly journals First record of Tuxophorus caligodes (Siphonostomatoida, Tuxophoridae) in sea-farmed cobia, Rachycentron canadum, in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-423
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina da Silva ◽  
Julieta Rodini Engrácia de Moraes ◽  
Antonio Mataresio Antonucci ◽  
Marina Tie Shimada ◽  
Ricardo Massato Takemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Present Report ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Examination ◽  
Net Cages ◽  
United States Mexico

The cobia is the only representative of the Rachycentridae family and, because of its zootechnical qualities, production of this fish has been implemented in several countries, such as the United States, Mexico and Brazil. Tuxophorus caligodes is a widespread parasite of marine fish worldwide. For the present report, 15 juvenile cobias were collected from net cages on a fish farm in Ilhabela, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the winter of 2011. The fish were sacrificed by means of cerebral concussion, and then weighed (280 ± 70.5 g) and measured (27 ± 1.97 cm). After external examination under a stereomicroscope, ectoparasites present on the body surface were collected, fixed and processed for identification. Out of the 15 fish examined, two were parasitized with Tuxophorus caligodes, thus indicating a prevalence of 13.3%. This is the first report of Tuxophorus caligodes in cobias in Brazil.

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