scholarly journals Study of Impact of Linke Turbidity on Solar Radiation over Kathmandu Valley

Patan Pragya ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Prakash M. Shrestha ◽  
Khem N Poudyal ◽  
Narayan P. Chapagain ◽  
Indra B. Karki
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Linke Turbidity Factor

Population growth, mechanization, and industrialization have now made humanity the equivalent of other natural processes in its effect on air-pollution levels and associated climatic change. Link turbidity is an important parameter for assessing the air pollution of Kathmandu (Lat.:27.72oN, Long.: 85.32oE and Alt.: 1350 m. above sea level). The Because of the unavailability of spectral measurements, a model has been used to estimate the Linke turbidity factor (TL) from broadband measurements of Global Solar radiation on 2012 by using CMP6 paranometer. The average value of extinction coefficient (K) and Linke turbidity are 0.69 ± 0.03 and 5.53±0.23$ respectively, which can be compared with other sites around the world. Relationship between turbidity co-efficient with meterological parameters (humidity, temperature and water contained) have been investigated further.

scholarly journals Study of Linke Turbidity Factor on Solar Radiation over Jumla

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Prakash M. Shrestha ◽  
Indra B. Karki ◽  
Narayan P. Chapagain ◽  
Khem N. Poudyal
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Linke Turbidity Factor ◽  
Temperature Water

 Population growth, mechanization, and industrialization are the by product of human civilization and its resultant impacts goes to degrade the natural environment by the affecting of air-pollution and also associated with climatic change. Linke turbidity factor (LT) is an important parameter for assessing the air pollution at Jumla (Lat.:29.28o N, Long.: 82.16o E and Alt. 2300 masl). Because of the unavailability of spectral measurements data , a model has been used to estimate the Linke turbidity factor (TL) from broadband measurement of Global Solar radiation in 2012 .The annual average solar insolation, clearness index (KT) and extinction coefficient (K) are 5.11 ±2.34kWh/m2/day ,0.71 ± 0.12 and 0.25 ± 0.13 respectively. Similarly, the annual average value of Linke turbidity factor (LT) and visibility 1.97± 0.47 and 28.09 ± 21.08 km are found. Finally it is found that there is strong relation between Linke turbidity factor and meteorological parameters i.e. relative humidity, temperature, water content, ozone and rain fall.

scholarly journals A Review of Solar Radiation Models—Part I

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Katiyar ◽  
C. K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
The World

Energy is considered as a key source for the future and plays a pivotal role in its socioeconomic development by raising the standard of living and the quality of life, not only for India but also for the world. In view of the scarce fossil fuel reserves, solar energy is one of the important sources of renewable energy used in India because of the suitable climate conditions. It receives about 5485.17 Wh/m2day of solar insolation with an annual total of about 19, 74, 661.2 Wh/m2. Except for the monsoon months, solar radiation incidence is very encouraging, from the application point of view. For the efficient functioning and better performance of solar energy device, the information of solar radiation and its components at particular location is very essential for designing the solar energy devices. Therefore, over the years, several empirical correlations have been developed in order to estimate the more appropriate solar radiation in India as well as around the world. Here we present a review of different solar radiation models which predict global solar radiation and discussed the long-term plan to meet future energy demand with renewable energy due to economy growth.

scholarly journals Solar radiation modelling and measurement techniques in Lafia Zone, Nasarawa state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Andah Mamman ◽  
Umaru Ibrahim ◽  
Mustapha M. Idris ◽  
Abdullahi A. Mundi ◽  
Musa U. Sarki
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Transmission Coefficient ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Atmospheric Transmission ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity

The number of solar radiations measuring stations in Nigeria has been observed not to effectively describe the necessary variability; as such prediction models are necessary for estimation of solar radiation values using readily available meteorological variables. In this study, solar radiation parameters were determined for Lafia zone, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Twelve (12) location were carefully selected to avoid sunshine and wind obstruction using a systematic random sampling technique. Three-hour daily measurement (12.00 pm to 2.00 pm) was done on three 12V, 5W solar panels using a pyranometer and the output was estimated using the Angstrom-Prescott Regression Equation. The continuity in the assembled system was measured using an Avometer. The result revealed that solar radiation intensity was found to range from 165.5 W/m2 to 298.6W/m2 with the mean value of 241.24 W/m2.The highest global solar radiation value of 29.8MJ/m2was observed in April while the lowest value of 16.5MJ/m2was observed in August. The extraterrestrial solar radiation was found to range from 9.06 MJ/m2 in August to 26.60 MJ/m2 in February with average value of 20.96MJ/m2. The atmospheric transmission coefficient over the year is found to range from 0.7 in July and September to 1.4 in December. The obtained atmospheric transmission coefficient determined for the year (2019) is a good indication for solar radiation application in Lafia geo-political zone, Nasarawa State. The performance of the developed model is observed to imply that it can be used to predict global solar radiation for Lafia zone in Nasarawa State.

Global Environmentalism and the World-System: A Cross-National Analysis of Air Pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Andrew Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
World System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Regime ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Ambient air pollution represents a global health crisis, leading to 7 million annual deaths worldwide. The rise of a “global environmental regime” manifests in the widespread adoption of environmental policies and laws to reduce ambient air pollution, but debate remains whether they have any effect. Scholars argue that the relationship between the global environmental regime and air pollution depends on the penetration of the global environmental regime. In this analysis, I argue that the relationship between the global environmental regime and air pollution levels is contingent on a country’s position in the world-system. Using fixed effects panel analyses of 144 countries from 1990 to 2010, I find embeddedness in the global environmental regime does predict lower national air pollution levels. This effect, however, is smaller in semi-peripheral and peripheral countries. These findings contribute to an emerging body of scholarship integrating world society and world systems approaches in the study of the environment.

scholarly journals Validation study of an overall radiation balance estimation method under Ponta Grossa (PR) Brazil weather conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-472
Author(s):  
Gustavo C. Beruski ◽  
André B. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
State University ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Natural Processes

Radiation balance is the fraction of incident solar radiation upon earth surface which is available to be used in several natural processes, such as biological metabolism, water loss by vegetated surfaces, variation of temperature in farming systems and organic decomposition. The present study aimed to assess and validate the performance of two estimation models for Rn in Ponta Grossa city, Paraná State, Brazil. To this end, during the period of 04/01/2008 to 04/30/2011, from radiometric data collected by an automatic weather station set at the Experimental Station, of the State University of Ponta Grossa. We performed a linear regression study by confrontation between measurements made through radiometric balance and Rn estimates obtained from Brunt classical method, and the proposed method. Both models showed excellent performance and were confirmed by the statistical parameters applied. However, the alternative method has the advantage of requiring only global solar radiation values, temperature, and relative humidity.

scholarly journals Conditions influencing incoming global solar radiation in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) in spring 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-349
Author(s):  
Joanna Uscka-Kowalkowska ◽  
Krzysztof M. Markowicz ◽  
Rajmund Przybylak ◽  
Andrzej Araźny
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Record Values ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Incoming Solar Radiation

Abstract This article analyses the conditions affecting the incoming global solar radiation in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) in spring of 2015. Incoming solar radiation turned out to be average for the season under analysis, as compared with longer-term data. The clearness index (KT) was 0.46, and was mainly determined by the extent of cloudiness. As a result of differences in the length of day, sunshine duration in May was greater than in April. Incoming solar radiation to the earth’s surface is also affected by the atmospheric optical properties. The average value of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm in Hornsund in spring of 2015 was 0.087. In the analysed period, increased values of AOD at 500 nm (up to 0.143) were observed, although these are not record values. Over April and May, the greatest part of optical depth was comprised of anthropogenic aerosols (41%), followed by marine aerosols (26%), desert dust (21%) and biomass-burning aerosols (12%). This indicates the significant role of the anthropogenic factor in the climatic conditions of Spitsbergen.

scholarly journals Non-linear equation for estimation of the global solar radiation for any latitude in Egypt

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
M. T. Y. TADROS
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Nonlinear Equation ◽  
Linear Equation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Non Linear Equation ◽  
The World ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Solar Instruments

The aim of this study is to obtain a nonlinear equation for computation of the monthly solar radiation for any latitude of any place in Egypt, when the recording solar instruments are not available. This equation allows to estimate the monthly values of the Global Solar Radiation for any latitude in Egypt with deviation from the published data (in the world net work), for any month, of about 17%.

Air Pollution in Asia and Its Effect on Human Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ozan Gezerman ◽  
Burcu Didem Çorbacıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Relationship

Although continuous efforts to monitor and mitigate air pollution are being made, it is still prevalent in most countries in the world. Major contributors include fossil fuel exhaust in metropolitan cities from industrial facilities and vehicular emissions. Use of renewable energy and natural gas have played a part in reducing air pollution; however, increasing populations, rampant urbanization, and industrialization, especially during winter months, have given rise to spikes in air pollution levels. Research shows that there is a close relationship between air pollution and mortality rates depending on respiration inadequacy. Studies show that contaminants increase respiratory afflictions in humans. Discontinuing use of fossil fuels, using appropriate burning techniques, and efficiency emission controls on vehicles have been proven to reduce air pollution levels.

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