scholarly journals Flood Analysis at Ramghat, Pokhara, Nepal Using HEC-RAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Keshav Basnet ◽  
Deepak Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Outlet Section ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Flood Analysis ◽  
Peak Flood

Flooding in Ramghat area of Pokhara, Nepal is the major problem that has to be faced every year by the people residing nearby the area. Main goal of this study was to conduct the flood analysis of Seti River in Ramghat. Catchment area of the Ramghat was calculated to be 574.56 sq. km. using ArcGIS where the area above 5000 m elevation was 52 sq. km. and area below 3000 m elevation was 356 sq. km. Precipitation data of two meteorological stations, Pokhara airport and Lumle, were used in this research for the calculation of peak discharge. PCJ method (1996) was used to estimate the peak flood and also compared with the peak flood calculated using Modified Dicken's formula, WECS/DHM method, Rational method and Sharma and Adhikari (2004) method. Peak flood values were found to be 1918 m3/s and 2336 m3/s by PCJ method for return period of 50 years and 100 years respectively. The HEC-RAS modelling was performed for these flooding situations to determine the water surface profile along the eight cross-sections of the Ramghat. Finally, the floodplain map was prepared using the topographic map and the Google Earth Map. It was found that 50 years flood in Ramghat could inundate three cemetery shades situated along the river banks. Most importantly, 100 years’ peak flood was found more vulnerable for residential buildings too. The flood plain maps prepared in this study can be used by government authorities for planning, decision making, early warning system and disaster risk management. Additionally, the rating curve was prepared for the outlet section of Ramghat that can be used to estimate the river discharge during flooding in future.

scholarly journals Virtual fieldtrip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Ignacio de Paz-Álvarez ◽  
Thomas G. Blenkinsop ◽  
David M. Buchs ◽  
George E. Gibbons ◽  
Lesley Cherns
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Physical Field ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Cantabrian Zone ◽  
Virtual Mapping

Abstract. The restrictions implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021 have forced university-level educators from around the world to seek alternatives to residential physical field trips which constitute a fundamental pillar of geoscience programmes. The field-mapping course for 2nd year Geology BSc students from the Cardiff University was replaced with a virtual mapping course set in the same area as previous years, the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). The course was designed with the aim of providing the students with the same methodology employed in physical mapping, gathering discrete data in stops located along five daily itineraries. Data included bedding attitude, outcrop descriptions with a certain degree of ambiguity, photographs and/or sketches, panoramic photos and fossil images. Data was provided to the students through georeferenced KMZ files in Google Earth. Students were asked to keep a field notebook, define lithological units of mappable scale, identify large structures such as thrust faults and folds with the aid of age estimations from fossils, construct a geological map on a hard-copy topographic map, draw a stratigraphic column and cross sections, and plot the data in a stereonet to perform structural analysis. The exercise allowed a successful training of diverse geological field skills. In the light of the assessment of reports and student surveys, a series of improvements for the future is considered. Though incapable of replacing a physical field course, the virtual exercise could be used in preparation for the residential fieldtrip.

scholarly journals Virtual field trip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data

Solid Earth ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Manuel I. de Paz-Álvarez ◽  
Thomas G. Blenkinsop ◽  
David M. Buchs ◽  
George E. Gibbons ◽  
Lesley Cherns
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Physical Field ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Cantabrian Zone

Abstract. The restrictions implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021 have forced university-level educators from around the world to seek alternatives to the residential physical field trips that constitute a fundamental pillar of Geoscience programmes. The field-mapping course for second-year Geology BSc students from Cardiff University was replaced with a virtual mapping course set in the same area as previous years, the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). The course was designed with the aim of providing the students with the same methodology employed in physical mapping, including such skills as gathering discrete data at stops located along five daily itineraries. Data included bedding attitude, outcrop descriptions with a certain degree of ambiguity, photographs and/or sketches, panoramic photos, and fossil images. Data were provided to the students through georeferenced KMZ files in Google Earth. Students were asked to keep a field notebook, define lithological units of mappable scale, identify large structures such as thrust faults and folds with the aid of age estimations from fossils, construct a geological map on a hard-copy topographic map, draw a stratigraphic column and cross sections, and plot the data in a stereonet to perform structural analysis. The exercise allowed for successful training of diverse geological field skills. In light of the assessment of reports and student surveys, a series of improvements for the future is considered. Though incapable of replacing a physical field course, the virtual exercise could be used in preparation for the residential field trip.

Kajian Kualitas Permukiman Kawasan Pesisir Kecamatan Marobo Kabupaten Muna

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Halija Halija ◽  
Jufri Karim ◽  
Sawaludin Sawaludin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Earth Satellite ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Floor Area ◽  
Medium Quality

Abstrak: Penataan ruang kawasan pesisir harus dipandang sebagai upaya dalam peningkatan kualitas kawasan fisik dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu tidak berfungsinya drainase secara optimal belum terdapatnya sarana mandi, cuci, kakus (MCK) dan kondisi faktor fisik rumah yang masih berstruktur kayu dan semi permanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu: (1) menganalisis kondisi fisik permukiman kawasan pesisir; (2) menganalisis kualitas permukiman kawasan pesisir dan merumuskan strategi pemecahan masalah permukiman kawasan pesisir Kecamatan Marobo Kabupaten Muna. Metode penelitian ini, yaitu: (1) kondisi fisik permukiman diketahui dengan melakukan interpertasi citra satelit Google Earth:(2)kualitas permukimandiketahui denganpendekatan keruangan dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografi pada aplikasi ArcGIS dengan melakukan teknik analisis scoring. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1)nilai kelayakan bangunan rumah hunian Desa Marobo, yaitu 70% dengan luas lantai >7,2, skor  5 bisa di kategorikan cukup luas, kemudian kelurahan Paroha 50 %, dengan luas lantai >7,2 skor  3,  Kelurahan Wadolau nilai kelayakan bangunan rumah hunian, yaitu 30% dengan luas lantai >7,2 skor  2  dan terakhir Kelurahan Tapi-Tapi nilai kelayakan bangunan rumah hunian, yaitu <10% dengan luas lantai>7,2 skor  1, sehingga bisa di kategorikan cukup kecil/sempit; (2) permukiman penduduk di Pesisir Desa Tapi-Tapi, Desa Wadolau, dan Desa Marobo didominasi oleh rumah nelayan, dengan luas pekarangan dan luas rumah tinggal cukup kecil/sempit.  Kondisi fisik rumah tinggal penduduk di Kecamatan Marobo termasuk kategori semipermanen yang tercermin dari jenis bahan dinding rumah yang mayoritas terbuat dari  papan kayu berkualitas sedang.Kata kunci: kondisi fisik, kualitas permukiman, kawasan pesisirAbstract: Coastal spatial planning must be seen as an effort to improve the quality of physical areas and the welfare of the community. The problem in this study are the drainage does not function optimally, among others there are no facilities for bathing, washing, latrines and the physical condition of the house which is still structured in wood and semi-permanent. The purpose of this study are: (1) to analyze the physical condition of the coastal area settlement in Marobo District Muna Regency; (2) to analyze the quality of coastal area settlements and formulate strategies for solving the problem of coastal area settlements in Marobo District Muna Regency. The research methods are: (1) the physical condition of the settlement is known by interpreting Google Earth satellite imagery; (2) settlement quality is known by spatial approach using Geographic Information Systems with ArcGIS by conducting a scoring analysis technique. The results of this study are: (1)the feasibility value of Marobo Village residential building is 70% with a floor area >7,2 score 5 can be categorized quite broadly, Paroha Village 50%, with a floor area >7,2 score 3 Wadolau Village the feasibility value of residential building is 30% with a floor area >7,2, score 2 and lastly the Tapi-Tapi Village feasibility value of residential buildings is <10% with a floor area >7,2 score 1 so that it can be categorized quite small/narrow; (2) the residential settlements in the Tapi-Tapi Village, Wadolau Village and Marobo Village are dominated by fishermen's houses, with a large yard area and a small/narrow residential area. The physical condition of resident houses in Marobo District belongs to the semi-permanent category, which is reflected in the type of wall material of the house which is mostly made of medium quality wood plasterKeywords: physical condition, quality of settlements, coastal area

Monitoring and Assessment of Water Quality in Fuchunjiang and Hangzhou Reaches of Qiantangjiang Estuarine Zone

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 711-714
Author(s):  
Zhi Yong Dong ◽  
Yong Gu ◽  
Shuo Shuo Wang ◽  
Ying Biao Shi ◽  
Ruo Hua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Estuarine Zone

This paper presents monitoring investigation of water quality parameters in Fuchunjiang and Hangzhou reaches of Qiantang estuarine zone by YSI 6600 V2-4-M multi-parameter water quality sonde. The 7 monitoring cross-sections were streamwise placed, and the 2 vertical lines respectively located in flood plain and main channel at each cross-section. Surface, intermediate and bed layers were chosen at each vertical line in main channel, and surface and bed layers at each vertical line in flood plain. At each vertical line, the main water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, salinity, turbidity, pH value, electrical conductivity and oxidation reduction potential were monitored, variation of these parameters along longitudinal and vertical directions analyzed, and water quality conditions at each monitoring cross-section assessed.

scholarly journals Reconciling Architectural Design with Seismic Codes

Prostor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1 (61)) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Cengiz Özmen
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Seismic Codes ◽  
Architectural Analysis

Seismic codes include strict requirements for the design and construction of mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings. These requirements call for the symmetric and regular arrangement of the structural system, increased cross-sections for columns, and the introduction of shear walls to counteract the effects of lateral seismic loads. It is challenging for architects to reconcile the demands of these codes with the spatial arrangement and commercial appeal of their designs. This study argues that such reconciliation is possible through an architectural analysis. First, the effectiveness of applying the seismic design principles required by the codes is demonstrated with the comparative analysis of two finite element models. Then three pairs of architectural models, representing the most common floor plan arrangements for such buildings in Turkey, are architecturally analyzed before and after the application of seismic design principles in terms of floor area and access to view. The results demonstrate that within the context defined by the methodology of this study, considerable seismic achievement can be achieved in mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings by the application of relatively few, basic design features by the architects.

scholarly journals Application of a distributed hydrological model to the design of a road inundation warning system for flash flood prone areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-A. Versini ◽  
E. Gaume ◽  
H. Andrieu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development

Abstract. This paper presents an initial prototype of a distributed hydrological model used to map possible road inundations in a region frequently exposed to severe flash floods: the Gard region (South of France). The prototype has been tested in a pseudo real-time mode on five recent flash flood events for which actual road inundations have been inventoried. The results are promising: close to 100% probability of detection of actual inundations, inundations detected before they were reported by the road management field teams with a false alarm ratios not exceeding 30%. This specific case study differs from the standard applications of rainfall-runoff models to produce flood forecasts, focussed on a single or a limited number of gauged river cross sections. It illustrates that, despite their lack of accuracy, hydro-meteorological forecasts based on rainfall-runoff models, especially distributed models, contain valuable information for flood event management. The possible consequences of landslides, debris flows and local erosion processes, sometimes associated with flash floods, were not considered at this stage of development of the prototype. They are limited in the Gard region but should be taken into account in future developments of the approach to implement it efficiently in other areas more exposed to these phenomena such as the Alpine area.

scholarly journals Low-density debris flows and floods modeling in the Susuya river basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Kurovskaia ◽  
Tatyana Vinogradova ◽  
Anastasiia Vasiakina
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Optimal Values

Significant area of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk city within the river Susuya flood plain, a terrace above it and its tributaries are located in flood prone zone. The aim of this research was to estimate maximum characteristics of flash floods and low-density debris flows for the Susuya river and its tributaries, the Rogatka and Vladimirovka rivers. A one-dimensional model of unsteady water movement based on Saint-Venan equations was used. The modeling of river maximum characteristics include following tasks: 1) collect and analyze the data of past dangerous events, 2) process the initial information for the model, 3) simulate discharges of 0.1-10% exceeding probabilities with a change in the hydraulic-morphometric characteristics of the objects. The model does not take into account flow density, therefore numerical experiments were conducted with the increasing coefficient of roughness to identify optimal values of the parameter. The results can be further used in the construction design of residential buildings and infrastructure in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

The Effect of Grain Boundaries on Surface Diffusion Mediated-Planarization of Polycrystalline Cu Films

1995 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Brain ◽  
D.S. Gardner ◽  
D.B. Fraser ◽  
H.A. Atwater
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Boundary Surface ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Transmission Electron Micrograph ◽  
Cu Films ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTIn situ, ultrahigh vacuum anneals were performed to induce Cu reflow at 500°C following deposition of Cu films and a Ta barrier layer on 1 μm wide by 1 μm deep trenches. Transmission electron micrograph cross-sections show profiles which suggest that grain boundaries and surface energy anisotropy significantly affect reflow. The extent of reflow is dependent on the structure of grain boundary-surface intersections, and the surface profile consists of regions of low curvature within grains and with sharp discontinuities in curvature at grain boundaries, a structure that inhibits surface diffusion. We present results showing how the surface diffusion mediated reflow varies with grain boundary groove angle and position, and compare these results with finite-element simulations that model surface diffusion-driven reflow.

scholarly journals Flood reconstruction using botanical evidence in Rapentosa catchment, in Marathon, Greece.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Diakakis
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increment Borer ◽  
Water Stage ◽  
Flood Analysis

Botanical evidence has been used in the past  for flash flood analysis, especially when instrumental data were scarce. This work focuses on the use of such evidence as a tool to study flash flood phenomena in Rapentosa torrent, in Marathon, Greece. To this aim, impact scars induced during past flood events    on trees along the torrent  , were  considered water stage indicators and were used   to determine discharge magnitude of these flow episodes. Samples extracted from the scarred specimens with the aid  of an increment borer, were used to date these impacts wounds. 1-D h y-draulic  modeling  was  used  to  provide  a  reconstruction  of  the  highest-discharge event, while results were cross-examined with    historical damages to verify the out-come of the analysis. Analysis showed a total of 22 impact wounds along the torrent indicating discharge values between 17.1 m3/s and 84.9 m3/s during past flow episodes. Three flash flood events were identified in 1996, 1998 and 2001. Hydraulic modeling of the 2001 event, which presented the highest flow values, illustrated its extent    and water depth across    the  flood  plain, presenting good correlation with the available documentary evidence.

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