Virtual field trip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data

The restrictions implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021 have forced university-level educators from around the world to seek alternatives to the residential physical field trips that constitute a fundamental pillar of Geoscience programmes. The field-mapping course for second-year Geology BSc students from Cardiff University was replaced with a virtual mapping course set in the same area as previous years, the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). The course was designed with the aim of providing the students with the same methodology employed in physical mapping, including such skills as gathering discrete data at stops located along five daily itineraries. Data included bedding attitude, outcrop descriptions with a certain degree of ambiguity, photographs and/or sketches, panoramic photos, and fossil images. Data were provided to the students through georeferenced KMZ files in Google Earth. Students were asked to keep a field notebook, define lithological units of mappable scale, identify large structures such as thrust faults and folds with the aid of age estimations from fossils, construct a geological map on a hard-copy topographic map, draw a stratigraphic column and cross sections, and plot the data in a stereonet to perform structural analysis. The exercise allowed for successful training of diverse geological field skills. In light of the assessment of reports and student surveys, a series of improvements for the future is considered. Though incapable of replacing a physical field course, the virtual exercise could be used in preparation for the residential field trip.

Pengaruh Iman Terhadap Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi;Refleksi Kritis Iman Terhadap Revolusi Industri 4.0

The purpose of this paper is to see the Role of Faith in the development of Science and Technology. This is because the development of science and technology has resulted in significant changes for society. This change is not only in the physical field, namely accelerating and helping humans to carry out tasks and support professionalism but also in the spiritual field where humans can think that they are everything. The methodology used in this paper is literature review. Where to do a critical reading of the sources obtained from library research. The results obtained from this paper indicate that there are fundamental changes caused by technological developments. The first development presents a revolution in human life where the revolution starts from revolution 1.0 - 4.0 at this time. This development also makes humans have different views about who they are and who their god is or in terms of religiosity. Finally, this change causes humans to question their faith. This is what causes the position of faith to affect humans.

On the missed opportunities of classical physics

This study considers a variant of the realization of Dirac’s ideas regarding the limited number of Faraday force lines and allowance for the finite size of microparticles in physical theory. It is shown that within the framework of the classical approach, consideration of the limited number of Faraday force lines opens additional possibilities for describing and characterizing the physical field and associated phenomena. Specifically, it is shown that it becomes possible to obtain in a facile manner an expression for describing the discrete radiation of an atom, which agrees well with the empirical Balmer relation. An assumption is made about the possibility of the material existence of Faraday force lines as structural elements of the physical field. It is suggested that the natural fields of physical bodies can be considered as a set of materially existing lines of force, i.e., as a luminiferous ether.

Kaum As Social Capital Environment in Empowering Minangkabau Communities

Empowerment is the process of creating community independence through the management of various capital, especially social capital in the community itself (self-help). Some research shows that development in Minangkabau is considered successful in the physical field. However, behind the success of physical development has an impact on erosion of socio-cultural that inherent on the Minangkabau community. This article analyzes the various forms of social capital found in Kaum as the local community of the Minangkabau people in the perspective of social capital; trust, norms, and network. The multicase study is used in the epistemological proof step by involving five (5) Kaum as the locus of study. The findings in this study conclude that; First, in the perspective of trust people have a high level of awareness so that the power to be with one another and help become more dominant. Secondly, customary and Islamic norms are deeply institutionalized in the Kaum so that social control and safety networks are more effective. The three, networks in the Kaum are permanent as the basis for laying out various interests of empowerment.

Virtual fieldtrip to the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): delivering traditional geological mapping skills remotely using real data

The restrictions implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 and 2021 have forced university-level educators from around the world to seek alternatives to residential physical field trips which constitute a fundamental pillar of geoscience programmes. The field-mapping course for 2nd year Geology BSc students from the Cardiff University was replaced with a virtual mapping course set in the same area as previous years, the Esla Nappe (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). The course was designed with the aim of providing the students with the same methodology employed in physical mapping, gathering discrete data in stops located along five daily itineraries. Data included bedding attitude, outcrop descriptions with a certain degree of ambiguity, photographs and/or sketches, panoramic photos and fossil images. Data was provided to the students through georeferenced KMZ files in Google Earth. Students were asked to keep a field notebook, define lithological units of mappable scale, identify large structures such as thrust faults and folds with the aid of age estimations from fossils, construct a geological map on a hard-copy topographic map, draw a stratigraphic column and cross sections, and plot the data in a stereonet to perform structural analysis. The exercise allowed a successful training of diverse geological field skills. In the light of the assessment of reports and student surveys, a series of improvements for the future is considered. Though incapable of replacing a physical field course, the virtual exercise could be used in preparation for the residential fieldtrip.

Discussion on a methodology for the digital reconstruction of complex fault structures in coal mines

The visualization of complex geological structures can provide technical support for accurate prediction and prevention of coal mine disasters. Taking fault structure as an example, this study proposes a new digital reconstruction method to realize the visualization of geological structure. The methodology for the digital reconstruction of complex fault structures is composed by the following four aspects, including collection and fidelity of multi-physical field data of fault structure, transmission of multi-physical field data, multi-physical data normalization and digital model of fault structures. The key scientific issues of this methodology to be resolved includes in-situ fidelity of multi-field data and normalized programming of multi-source data. In addition, based on the geological conditions in Da 'anshan coal mine in the mining area of western Beijing, China, this paper makes a preliminary attempt to establish a digital model of fault and fold structures by this methodology.