scholarly journals Following the Open-Source Trail Outside the Digital World: The Case of Open-Source Seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Tsioumani ◽  
Mike Muzurakis ◽  
Yannis Ieropoulos ◽  
Asterios Tsioumanis
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Legal Responses ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Open Source Systems ◽  
Potential Tool

In this article, we assess the application of the open-source development model in the field of agricultural research and development, as a potential tool for upholding both public scientific research, and farmer-led innovation and farmers’ rights. First, we provide an overview of the problems associated with the rise of IPRs in agriculture in view of global challenges such as food security and environmental sustainability, and present the debate on farmers’ rights, including its rationale and international policy and legal responses. We then review open source initiatives in the digital domain, including successes and shortcomings, and offer our understanding of relevant terminologies. We explore the parallels between software development and innovation in agriculture and review ongoing open-source agriculture-related initiatives. We particularly address the potential for open-source systems to address existing asymmetries in capabilities and contribute to global challenges such as food security.

Improving food security through agricultural research and development in Timor-Leste: a country emerging from conflict

Food Security ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourenco Fontes Borges ◽  
Adalfredo do Rosario Ferreira ◽  
Deolindo Da Silva ◽  
Robert Williams ◽  
Rebecca Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

scholarly journals Crop climate suitability mapping on the cloud: a geovisualization application for sustainable agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad G. Peter ◽  
Joseph P. Messina ◽  
Zihan Lin ◽  
Sieglinde S. Snapp
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Climate Niche ◽  
Crop Varieties

Abstract Climate change, food security, and environmental sustainability are pressing issues faced by today’s global population. As production demands increase and climate threatens crop productivity, agricultural research develops innovative technologies to meet these challenges. Strategies include biodiverse cropping arrangements, new crop introductions, and genetic modification of crop varieties that are resilient to climatic and environmental stressors. Geography in particular is equipped to address a critical question in this pursuit—when and where can crop system innovations be introduced? This manuscript presents a case study of the geographic scaling potential utilizing common bean, delivers an open access Google Earth Engine geovisualization application for mapping the fundamental climate niche of any crop, and discusses food security and legume biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa. The application is temporally agile, allowing variable growing season selections and the production of ‘living maps’ that are continually producible as new data become available. This is an essential communication tool for the future, as practitioners can evaluate the potential geographic range for newly-developed, experimental, and underrepresented crop varieties for facilitating sustainable and innovative agroecological solutions.

scholarly journals Promoting Agricultural Research and Development to Strengthen Food Security in South Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghose Bishwajit
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Sub Saharan

This study aims to highlight the status of agricultural R&D in South Asia and contends that creating an effective agricultural research and innovation systems is a vital element to ensure food security in this region. South Asia is home to around one-fourth of mankind and houses the largest proportion of undernourished people in the world. Despite a period of marked economic growth averaging 6% a year over the past two decades, it remains the world's second poorest region contributing a mere 2.2% in global annual GDP. Agriculture is the mainstay of South Asian economy employing around 60% of the total workforce and generating around 20% of total GDP. South Asia has the recognition of being the second most food-insecure region next only to sub-Saharan Africa. Though there is growing evidence that technological innovation has a key role to play in increasing agricultural production and strengthening food security, agricultural research and development (R&D) sector has failed to garner sufficient attention till now. This study also depicts the current situation of food security in South Asia and illustrates how agricultural education and innovation hold the master key to solve the food security issues for the world's most densely populated region.

scholarly journals Modelling the Common Agricultural Policy Impact over the EU Agricultural and Rural Environment through a Machine Learning Predictive Framework

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2105
Author(s):  
Dragos Sebastian Cristea ◽  
Sarina Rosenberg ◽  
Adriana Pustianu Mocanu ◽  
Ira Adeline Simionov ◽  
Alina Antache Mogodan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Common ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
The Eu

This research provides an analytical and predictive framework, based on state-of-the-art machine-learning (ML) algorithms (random forest (RF) and generalized additive models (GAM)), that can be used to assess and improve the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) impact/performance over the agricultural and rural environments, easing the identification of proper instruments that can be used by EU policy makers in CAP’s financial management. The applied methodology consists of elaborating a custom-developed analytical framework based on a dataset containing 22 relevant indicators, considering four main dimensions that describe the intricacies of the EU agricultural and rural environment, in the CAP context: rural, emissions, macroeconomic, and financial. The results highlight that an increase of the agricultural research and development funding, as well as the agriculture employment rate, negatively influence the degree of rural poverty. The rural GDP per capita is influenced by the size of the employment rate in agriculture. It seems that environmental sustainability, identified by both fertilizers used and emissions from agriculture parameters, significantly influences the GDP per capita. In predicting emissions in agriculture, the direct payment, degree of rural poverty, fertilizer use, employment in agriculture, and agriculture labor productivity are the main independent parameters with the highest future importance. It was found that when predicting direct payments, the rural employment rate, employment in agriculture, and gross value added must be considered the most. The agricultural, entrepreneurial income prediction is mainly influenced by the total factor productivity, while agricultural research and development investments depend on gross value added, direct payments, and gross value added in the agricultural sector. Future research, related to prediction models based on CAP indicators, should also consider the marketing dimension. It is recommended for direct payments to be used to invest in upgrading the fertilizers technologies, since environmental sustainability will influence economic growth.

Understanding the Tradition of Male Calf Release in Tambakan Village of Bali Island, Indonesia from the Perspective of History, Religion, Environment Sustainability and Food Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Puspawati ◽  
I Made Swastika ◽  
Tjokorda Udiana Nindhia Pemayun ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
The People ◽  
Environment Sustainability ◽  
The Village

Historically the tradition of male calf release in Tambakan Villlage was initiated from the vow of the defeated soldier of the kingdom of Buleleng over the kingdom of Bangli in the Island of Bali in the region of present day Indonesia. The defeated soldiers of Buleleng were hiding in the forest around the presentday village of Tambakan, Buleleng, Bali. All the soldiers vowed to the Deity dwelling in the forest to hand over a male calf if they survived the pursuit of the enemy. In the end, the enemy could not find them and the soldiers remained in the forest and continued their lives there. The village was named as Tambakan, meaning a buffer of enemy attack. The village was surrounded by a fence made from bamboo during that time. The soldiers then paid their vows by releasing male calves into the forest. This historical incident then developed to become a belief of the local peoples that if they vow to release a male calf to the Deity, then their wish will be fulfilled. Indeed many wishes of the people did come true when they released a male calf to the forest. Consequently, the population of the bulls increased in the forest, and by the influence of the Hindu Tantra sect, about 23 bulls from the forest are taken out every 2 years to be sacrificed in the temples addressed to Goddess of Durga. The meat of the sacrificed bulls is then distributed to the members of the village to be consumed. The releases of male calves gives benefit to environmental sustainability and the distribution of the meat after sacrificing guarantees food security for the people.

Private Agricultural R&D: Do the Poor Benefit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock R. Anderson ◽  
Regina Birner ◽  
Latha Najarajan ◽  
Anwar Naseem ◽  
Carl E. Pray
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Private agricultural research and development can foster the growth of agricultural productivity in the diverse farming systems of the developing world comparable to the public sector. We examine the extent to which technologies developed by private entities reach smallholder and resource-poor farmers, and the impact they have on poverty reduction. We critically review cases of successfully deployed improved agricultural technologies delivered by the private sector in both large and small developing countries for instructive lessons for policy makers around the world.

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