scholarly journals EFFECT OF WIND VELOCITY AND WIND DIRECTION ON THERMAL INSULATION VALUES OF CLOTHING ENSEMBLES BY USING THERMAL MANIKIN

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (621) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi WATANABE ◽  
Tetsumi HORIKOSHI ◽  
Tomoya KANEKO ◽  
Yuji UNO ◽  
Jin ISHII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Thermal Manikin

Effects of wind direction on sportswear thermal insulation with various ease allowance

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shurong Hu ◽  
Mengmeng Zhao ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ease Allowance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of wind direction and ease allowance on thermal comfort in sportswear. Design/methodology/approach – The effects of wind direction (front, side, back and calm (no wind) 1.5 m/s) and seven magnitudes of ease allowance on sportswear thermal insulation and surface temperature were investigated. An 11 zones’ thermal manikin was used to acquire the static thermal insulation. Surface temperature was captured by a thermal imager. Findings – The results showed that the wind was a significant effect on thermal performance, however, wind direction effect was only significant in the segment covered with multilayer fabric, such as the abdomen and hip (p=0.034). Although the ease allowance influenced the overall thermal insulation obviously, the difference between seven sizes suits was not significant. Nevertheless, the ease allowance affected the surface temperature of chest and back significantly (p=0.023, 0.007). Correlation between thermal insulation and surface temperature was negative, and correlation level was degraded when affected by wind factor. Research limitations/implications – Sportswear’s fabric and style did not discussed as effect factors. It would be taken into accounted in the future research. Originality/value – Wind direction impact thermal comfort in multilayer regions significantly. It is a reference to improve sportswear’s comfort design.

scholarly journals The effect of wind direction on drift control by snow fences

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Takeuchi ◽  
Shun’ichi Kobayashi ◽  
Takeshi Sato ◽  
Kaoru Izumi ◽  
Kenji Kosugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Case ◽  
Snow Fence ◽  
Snow Fences ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cold Wind ◽  
Drift Control

AbstractSnowdrifting processes and the wind-velocity profiles around a collector and a blower snow fence were investigated in a cold wind tunnel. The purpose was to ascertain the effect of wind direction on drift control by snow fences. Three different cases were studied for both types of snow fence, and the resultant snowdrifts were compared. In the first case, the snow fence was perpendicular to the wind direction. In the second and third cases, it was tilted by 30° and 45°. When the collector snow fence was tilted, the amounts of snowdrift were much less than when the fence was perpendicular to the wind direction, because the area with low wind velocity was reduced to half behind the tilted fence. On the other hand, the blowing effect of the blower snow fence increased when it was set up at an angle to the wind direction. It is necessary to investigate the position where the blown snow is deposited by the tilted blower snow fence.

A Spot Climate Recorder

1956 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert B. Schultz ◽  
Frederick A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
Storage Battery ◽  
Field Equipment ◽  
Meteorological Field ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Current Drain

In agricultural research as well as in applied climatology as a whole, there is an increasing demand for portable meteorological field equipment capable of recording continuously more environmental factors than the conventional hygro-thermograph. The spot climate recorder described can register dry bulb, wet bulb, soil, and black globe temperatures, and wind direction and velocity on either daily or weekly charts, whichever is best for the climate survey. If desired, all these elements can be registered on one chart, but a set of two recorders has been found to be no more expensive and gives the economic advantage of making each useable separately. This is desirable for instance when a network of wind registering stations is needed (including 1 temperature each) but the complete record of moisture, radiation, etc. is sufficient at one station. The wind-recording circuits are designed for low-current drain on a 6-volt storage battery. Rather than draw on this battery to provide aspiration for the dry and wet-bulb thermometers, the wind velocity record is used to determine at which few hours the wet-bulb record may be unreliable.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Thermal Insulation of Multi-Layer Thermal Inserts in a Protective Jacket

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2672
Author(s):  
Dubravko Rogale ◽  
Goran Majstorović ◽  
Snježana Firšt Rogale
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Measurement Results

This paper presents the measurement results of the thermal insulation of the outer shell, thermal inserts, and clothing systems, as well as a comparative analysis of the thermal insulation of multi-layer thermal inserts in a thermal jacket intended for professional services in cold weather. Detachable thermal inserts are made of double-faced, diamond-shaped quilted lining with different masses per unit area, and together with the jacket, they form clothing systems with different thermal properties. Tests of the thermal properties of clothing were performed on a thermal manikin. They showed that an increase in the mass of thermal insulation textile materials contributes to an increase in the thermal insulation properties of clothing and are insufficient for a complete analysis of the thermal properties of clothing. Therefore, for the first time, three new parameters of integration efficiency of the thermal insert, thermal insulation efficiency parameters, and efficiency parameters of the integration of the textile material integrated into the clothing system were introduced. Based on these parameters, it is possible to perform an effective and accurate comparative analysis of the thermal insulation of multi-layer thermal inserts in clothing. This makes it possible to apply exact scientific methods largely in the technical design of the thermal properties of integrated textile materials, instead of experience-based methods as in the past.

Evaluating Cold, Wind, and Moisture Protection of Different Coverings for Prehospital Maritime Transportation–A Thermal Manikin and Human Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsi Jussila ◽  
Sirkka Rissanen ◽  
Kai Parkkola ◽  
Hannu Anttonen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Moisture Protection ◽  
Cold Wind

AbstractIntroductionPrehospital maritime transportation in northern areas sets high demands on hypothermia prevention. To prevent body cooling and hypothermia of seriously-ill or injured casualties during transportation, casualty coverings must provide adequate thermal insulation and protection against cold, wind, moisture, and water splashes.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the thermal protective properties of different types of casualty coverings and to evaluate which would be adequate for use under difficult maritime conditions (cold, high wind speed, and water splashes). In addition, the study evaluated the need for thermal protection of a casualty and verified the optimum system for maritime casualty transportation.MethodsThe study consisted of two parts: (1) the definition and comparison of the thermal protective properties of different casualty coverings in a laboratory; and (2) the evaluation of the chosen optimum protective covering for maritime prehospital transportation. The thermal insulations of ten different casualty coverings were measured according to the European standard for sleeping bags (EN 13537) using a thermal manikin in a climate chamber (-5°C) with wind speeds of 0.3 m/s and 4.0 m/s, and during moisture simulations. The second phase consisted of measurements of skin and core temperatures, air temperature, and relative humidity inside the clothing of four male test subjects during authentic maritime prehospital transportation in a partially-covered motor boat.ResultsWind (4 m/s) decreased the total thermal insulation of coverings by 11%-45%. The decrement of thermal insulation due to the added moisture inside the coverings was the lowest (approximately 22%-29%) when a waterproof reflective sheet inside blankets or bubble wrap was used, whereas vapor-tight rescue bags and bubble wrap provide the most protection against external water splashes. During authentic maritime transportation lasting 30 minutes, mean skin temperature decreased on average by 0.5°C when a windproof and water-resistant rescue bag was used over layered winter clothing.ConclusionThe selected optimum rescue bag consisted of insulating and water-resistant layers providing sufficient protection against cold, wind, and water splashes during prehospital transportation lasting 30 minutes in the uncovered portion of a motor boat. The minimum thermal insulation for safe maritime transportation (30 minutes) is 0.46 m2K/W at a temperature of -5°C and a wind speed of 10 m/s.JussilaK, RissanenS, ParkkolaK, AnttonenH. Evaluating cold, wind, and moisture protection of different coverings for prehospital maritime transportation–a thermal manikin and human study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(6):1-9.

Effects of Clothing Ventilative Designs on Thermal Insulation under Varying Wind Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1927-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Hui Zhang ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Vertical Side ◽  
Wind Velocities ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Body Heat

This paper reports on an experimental investigation of the effects of clothing ventilative designs on thermal comfort measured in terms of thermal insulation. Eight T-shirts with varying areas and locations of mesh fabric were designed and produced for testing on a dry thermal manikin. Clothing thermal insulation of T-shirts was measured under three wind velocities: 0.5, 1 and 2m/s. The results showed that, the areas and locations of ventilation panels affect the total thermal insulation. The T-shirts with larger area of mesh fabric are preferable in terms of releasing more body heat. Among various designs tested, mesh fabrics applied at two vertical side seams can most effectively release heat and moisture from the body. Clothing insulation is also greatly affected by wind.

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