scholarly journals ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION IN ZAPORIZHZHYA

Author(s):  
K. Belokon ◽  
I. Pirogova

One of the regions of Ukraine, which is subject to significant man-made impacts on the atmospheric air, is the city of Zaporizhzhya. The paper presents the results of assessing the quality of atmospheric air based on the calculation of the air pollution index and the integrated air pollution index of the city of Zaporizhzhya. For the assessment, the data of long-term observations at the stationary posts of the city for 2016—2020 were used for the main pollutants. A list of the main pollutants (formaldehyde, dust, carbon monoxide, phenol, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide) and the contribution of each of them to the general level of atmospheric pollution has been determined. The calculations of air pollution indices were carried out for the average daily concentrations of substances for each observation post in Zaporizhzhya for the study period 2016—2020. The calculation of the air pollution indices for the posts was carried out for all concentrations of the investigated substances, except for hydrogen sulfide due to the lack of data for it. The highest values of the indices are observed in 2017 and 2019, the lowest — in 2020. Over the past year, there has been a tendency towards a slight decrease in the level of air pollution by pollutants. The highest values of indices exceeding 1 are noted for substances such as dust, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, phenol and formaldehyde. Calculations of the integrated index of atmospheric pollution at posts showed their heterogeneity, the list of measured substances is not unified for all posts. Formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides, phenol and dust make the largest contribution to the formation of the integrated air pollution index. Environmental monitoring in the city of Zaporizhzhya does not include measurements of hazardous toxicants, the presence of which is typical for large cities. The highest level of the integrated air pollution index is observed at the posts located in the zone of influence of the main industrial site, and reaches values of 5,4—9,8, which corresponds to a high level. In other areas of the city, where there is industrial potential, observations are not carried out; it is impossible to assess the level of air quality according to the data of the hydrometeorological service.

Author(s):  
Azhar Bauyrzhanova ◽  

The article examines the state of air pollution in Temirtau, Karaganda region, and the dynamics of the air pollution index (API). The API is calculated based on the 5 main pollutants in the city, namely suspended particles, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, phenol and ammonia. The article describes the synoptic conditions of atmospheric air pollution in Temirtau, that is, the influence of baric structures, such as cyclones and anticyclones, troughs and ridges, on the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances and their time in the city air. The meteorological quantity such as the wind contributing to the transport of pollutants is also considered, and a frequency diagram of the wind direction is presented in order to consider the transboundary transport of harmful substances from other regions. The materials of the article used maps of a certain period of time, such as baric topographic maps and terrestrial synoptic maps, and their analysis was carried out. Based on the results of the analysis of maps of a certain period, the article describes the conditions for the occurrence of synoptic processes favorable for the accumulation of large concentrations of harmful substances in the city. The topic under consideration will be interesting to specialists in the field of natural science, politicians and public figures who pay attention to the ecology of our country, in particular to the ecological system of cities with a large industrial complex, such as Temirtau, and to urgent global environmental problems affecting to the state of atmospheric air quality.


Author(s):  
A.V. Semakina ◽  
G.R. Platunova ◽  
A.R. Mansurov

In this work, the maps of the atmospheric air condition in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan were built taking into account the influence of the relief on the dispersion of pollutants. As a calculation model, a modified technique of V.A. Petrukhin and V.A. Vishensky was used. To increase the accuracy of the results, a correction factor for the influence of the relief on the process of dispersion of pollutants was calculated. According to the maps obtained, high concentrations of pollutants and high values of the integrated air pollution index are observed near two industrial centers: Ufa-Blagoveshchensk and Salavat-Sterlitamak.


Author(s):  
Halyna Tatarchenko

The problem of building an ecologically clean city is considered, taking into account the basic principles of its construction, maintenance, zoning of ecological functions and, at the same time, the need to maintain sustainable development. Calculations of the concentration of emissions of nitrogen oxides in fourteen transport nodes - intersections of the main roads of the city were carried out, the dispersion of the distribution of impurities in the atmosphere was determined. On the basis of the criterion of the traffic intensity of vehicles, the zoning of the territory around the intersections of the main roads of the city was proposed according to the level of atmospheric air pollution with nitrogen oxides: safe zones, where the content of nitrogen oxides is less than the average daily maximum permissible concentrations (maximum allowable concentration = 0.04 mg/m3); zones of low safety, where the content of nitrogen oxides is less than the maximum one-time maximum permissible concentration (maximum allowable concentration = 0.4 mg/m3); hazardous zones, where the level is higher than the maximum allowable concentration, constant monitoring and special treatment facilities are needed. The calculation of the traffic intensity of vehicles, which is necessary to achieve the maximum allowable rate for nitrogen oxide emissions, and the ratio between the substances. Sanitary protection zones-territories around the main hubs, where nitrogen oxides have a harmful effect on the environment and human health, have been calculated. It was revealed that the predominant north-western direction of winds leads to an increase in the territory of pollution up to 850 m, if the highway has eight lanes. A conceptual model of the transition to clean air in urbanized areas is proposed, according to which, in fact, it is necessary to solve the problems of coexistence and protection: - a person who seeks to live comfortably, and comfort requires constant progress and at the same time preserving his health; - transport, which is associated with the need to quickly move goods and services, requires sustainable economic development and leads to climate change; - the environment, the state of which under anthropogenic influence is deteriorating against the background of intensification of natural disasters.


Author(s):  
Matiashuk R. ◽  
Tkachenko I.

The sensitivity of the reproductive structures of Forsythiasuspensato the complex influence of undifferentiated environmental factors has been studied.The monitoring sites are located in 15 different park ecosystems in 6 administrative districts of Kyiv. Data from the Borys Sreznevsky Central Geophysical Observatory (air pollution index (API) and meteorological conditions for 2018-2020) were used to assess the conditions of the growthenvironment. The influence of a complex of ecologically important factors during the flowering offorsythia on the quality of the formedpollen is noted. Thus, growing plantsfor a long time in conditions with a low level of air pollution (APIup to 5.0) in abnormal weather conditions in 2020,40-50% less fertile grainswere formed. And forplants, which grow in areas with increasedlevel (API5.0-7.0) and high level (API7.0-14.0) of air pollution, the share of fertile grains in the pollen population decreased by 60-80%. In the closed bud,the pollen has higher resistance to a complex of exogenous growth factors. Forsythia plants, which are located in large parklands, lose less pollen quality in adverse weather conditions and affected byurbotechnogenic factors. F. suspensa is an acceptable indicator of the level of environmental pollution by the deviation of pollen fertility from the control value. In areas with high aerogenic load, for example, areas with large highways (Bus Station «Darnytsia»), as well as with a significant recreational load (HolosiivskyiPark, Recreation Park on the Olena Teliha Street) much smaller pollen is formed. Itis noted that the conditions of forsythia growth affect the quantitative indicators of the formed pollen not only in the flower but also in the closed bud, which confirms the chronic effect of the complex of ingredients of aerotechnogenic emissions on plants of this species. The coefficient of sterility of pollen (CS) was used to objectively compare the data of 2019 and 2020 on the condition of the generative organs of F. suspensa in the studied areas. The calculation of the CS confirmed that in the closedbud pollen has a higher resistance to exogenous factors. In areas with high and increased levels of air pollution,during budding and flowering of plants (March-May,) there is a much higher CS of pollen of F. suspensа. Significant parkland territoriesof the city (for example, HolosiivskyiPark, Botanical Garden named after O. V. Fomin) provide less stressful conditions for growth and development of plants, even with the "very high" level of air pollution (ISA above 14.0) observed in April 2020 on this territory.The study of the susceptibility of F. suspensаpollen to growing conditions will be continued, as the prospects of using this species for bioindication of ecological status and zoning of park ecosystems of Kyiv according to the gradient of anthropogenic impact have been revealed.Key words:forsythia, fertility, coefficient of sterility of pollen, bioindication. Проведене дослідження чутливості репродуктивних структур Forsythiasuspensaдо комплексного впливу недиференційованих факторів навколишнього середовища. Моніторингові ділянки розташовані в 15 різних паркових екосистемах 6 адміністративних районівКиєва. Для оцінки умов середовища вирощування рослин використані дані Центральної геофізичної обсерваторії імені Бориса Срезневського (індекс забруднення атмосферного повітря (ІЗА) та метеорологічні умови за 2018-2020 рр.). Відмічено вплив комплексу екологічно важливих факторів (за показниками відхилення від норми середньої місячної температури повітря та місячної кількості опадів у Києві) уперіод квітування форзиції на якість сформованого пилку. Так, за тривалої експозиції рослин в умовах з низьким рівнем забруднення повітря (ІЗА до 5,0) в аномальних погодних умовах 2020 р. сформувалось на 40-50% менше фертильних зерен. А у форзиції, яка росте на територіях з підвищеним (ІЗА 5,0-7,0) та високим (ІЗА 7,0-14,0) рівнями забруднення частка фертильних зерен в популяції пилку зменшилась на 60-80%. У закритому бутоні пилок має вищу стійкість до комплексу екзогенних факторів середовища зростання. Рослини форзиції, які розташовані у значних за площею паркових насадженнях, менше втрачають якість пилку за несприятливих погодних умов та дії урботехногенних чинників. За відхиленням показника фертильності пилку від контрольного значення F. suspensaє допустимим індикатором рівня забруднення середовища. На територіях з підвищеним аерогенним навантаженням, наприклад, ділянки з автотранспортними магістралями (Автостанція «Дарниця»), а також зі значним рекреаційним навантаженням (Голосіївський парк імені М. Рильського, Парк відпочинку по вул. Олени Теліги)формується значно дрібніший пилок. Відмічено, що умови росту позначаються на кількісних показниках сформованого пилку не лише в квітці, але й в закритому бутоні, що підтверджує хронічний вплив комплексу інгредієнтів аеротехногенних викидів нарослини цього виду. Для об’єктивного співставлення даних 2019 і 2020 рр. щодо стану генеративних органів F. suspensaна досліджених ділянках був використаний коефіцієнт стерильності (КС) пилку. Розрахунок КС підтвердив, що в закритому бутоні пилок має вищу стійкість до впливу екзогенних чинників. Вищий КС був у F. suspense, з ділянок, на яких в період бутонізації і квітування рослин (березень-травень) відмічений високий і підвищений рівень забруднення атмосфери. Значні за площею паркові насадження міста (наприклад, Голосіївський парк, Ботанічний сад ім.акад. О.В. Фоміна) забезпечують менш напружені умови росту і розвитку рослин навіть при відміченому в квітні 2020 р. «дуже високому» рівні забруднення повітря (ІЗА вище 14,0) на цих територіях. Дослідження чутливості пилку F. suspenseдо умов вирощування буде продовжене,оскільки виявлена перспективність використання цього виду для біоіндикації екологічного стану та зонування паркових екосистем Києва за градієнтом антропогенного впливу.Ключові слова: форзиція, фертильність, індекс стерильності, біоіндикація.


2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1603-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousif Alyousifi ◽  
Nurulkamal Masseran ◽  
Kamarulzaman Ibrahim

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  

The article presents the results of a bioindication study of atmospheric air pollution on the condition of pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the example of the city of Orsk, Orenburg region. The city of Orsk is a major industrial center of the Southern Urals. The research was carried out on 6 sites located within the city with different anthropogenic loads. The research method is based on the direct dependence of damage to Pinus sylvestris L. needles (necrosis and desiccation) on the level of atmospheric air pollution. Analyzed the morphological characteristics of the needles of Pinus sylvestris L. in the studied areas. The result of the study is an assessment of the state of atmospheric air. Keywords: BIOINDICATION, SCOTS PINE, NEEDLES, AIR POLLUTION, ORSK CITY, ORENBURG REGION


2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 02032
Author(s):  
Gennady Denisov ◽  
Vladimir Zelikov ◽  
Elena Tarasova ◽  
Vladimir Klyavin

The paper uses pollutant emissions calculation methods in accordance with GOST (All-Union State Standard) in combination with the method of mathematical statistics, which makes it possible to determine the amount of emissions from automobile transport, which is in line at a red traffic light in the area of a controlled intersection. The methods allow calculating such environmental indicators as the mass of pollutant emissions, the concentration of pollutants and the Air Pollution Index. The authenticity of this technique is confirmed by testing the hypothesis on the Pearson Law of distribution of pollutants. Based on the combined methodology, the software has been developed with the purpose to monitor atmospheric air pollution. This approach will make it possible to qualitatively assess the level of atmospheric air pollution and take timely measures in the event of dangerous environmental conditions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Suchkov ◽  
E. A. Semaeva

There was executed the complex assessment of air pollution in the city Novokuibyshevsk in 2014. There were outlined basic chemicals exceeding hygienic standards, as well as causing both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk. Average concentrations of pollutants were shown to fail to exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentration, and on the basis of this air pollution index in the city of Novokuibyshevsk was the low in 2014. However, air pollution in the city of Novokuibyshevsk decreased not due to the reduction of the concentration of priority pollutants, but as a result of the revision of the admissible values for formaldehyde concentrations. Individual carcinogenic risks to the health of children under 18 years according to hexavalent chromium, benzene and formaldehyde exceeded the border of maximum permissible risk, and were attributed to the third reference range of risk values in accordance with the R 2.1.10.1920-04. The carcinogenic risk to the health of adults and the population of the city of Novokuibyshevsk as a whole was in the third reference range boundaries only for hexavalent chromium. However, the overall carcinogenic risk for health of children aged up to 18 years amounted to 1.18∙10-3 and moved into a fourth reference range boundaries. The total index of danger with all substances, the content of which was monitored in the ambient air in the city of Novokuibyshevsk, accounted for 17.74 and also demanded measures to reduce air pollution in the near future.


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