scholarly journals Analytical data and sample locality map for stream water samples from the Iditarod Quadrangle, Alaska

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Gray ◽  
J.L. Ryder ◽  
R.F. Sanzolone ◽  
J.B. McHugh ◽  
W.H. Ficklin
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Analytical Data

Biogeochemical Monitoring in Medical Geology

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Selinus
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Medical Work ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Mapping Program

How can we determine the distribution of metals and other elements in our environment? The Geological Survey of Sweden started an innovative monitoring of metals in a monitoring/mapping program in 1980. Before 1980, traditional inorganic stream sediments were used, a method still employed all over the world, but not really suitable for medical work. A new method is used, whereby metal concentrations are determined in organic material consisting of aquatic mosses and roots of aquatic higher plants. These are barrier-free with respect to trace metal uptake and reflect the metal concentrations in stream water (Brundin 1972, 1988, Kabata-Pendias,1992, Selinus 1989). Aerial parts of many plant species do not generally respond to increasing metal concentrations in the growth medium because of physiological barriers between roots and above-ground parts of plants. These barriers protect them from uptake of toxic levels of metals into the vital reproductive organs. The roots and mosses, however, respond closely to chemical variations in background levels related to different bedrock types in addition to effects of pollution. The biogeochemical samples provide information on the time-related bioavailable metal contents in aquatic plants and in the environment. One great advantage of using biogeochemical samples instead of water samples is also that the biogeochemical samples provide integrated information of the metal contents in the water for a period of some years. Water samples suffer from seasonal and annual variations depending on, for example, precipitation. The mapping program now covers about 65% of the land area of Sweden (40,000 sample sites, one sample every 6 km²), where about 80% of the population of Sweden is living. This means that there is now available an extensive analytical data base for use in environmental and medical research (Freden 1994). One example of the use of biogeochemical monitoring concerns high cadmium contents in Sweden. In noncontaminated, noncultivated soils, Cd concentration is largely governed by the amount of Cd in the parent material (Thornton 1986). If the substrate concentration is higher than in background concentrations, Cd is readily taken up by roots and is distributed throughout the plants.

scholarly journals Stable Carbon and Sulfur Isotope Characteristics of Stream Water in a Typical Karst Small Catchment, Southwest China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Yang Tang ◽  
Ruiyin Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Δ13c Value ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Sources Of Solutes ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Surface water samples from the Maolan National Natural Reserved Park (MNNRP) were analyzed from Sept. 2013 to June 2014, for major ion concentrations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−), δ13C-DIC and δ34S-SO42− to quantify the sources of solutes and chemical weathering. The results show that HCO3− and SO42− are the main anions in Banzhai watershed, which account for 86.2 and 10.4% of the total anion equivalent, respectively. While Ca2+ and Mg2+ account for 76.9 and 20.5%, respectively. Considerable Mg2+ in stream water indicates that it may be affected by dolomite weathering. stream water samples present the δ13C-DIC values in the range of −16.9‰~−10.8‰ (mean value was −13.9‰), which were lower than that of the groundwater. The δ34S-SO42− values ranged from −15.2‰ to 1.7‰ (mean value was −4.4‰). There was a negative correlation between HCO3− content and δ13C value, implying the result of the interaction of temperature and precipitation intensity in different seasons. The significant positive correlation between SO42− content and δ13C-DIC indicates that H2SO4 may be involved in the weathering process of carbonate rocks in small watershed scale. The content of SO42− in a school sample site was much higher than that of other sample sites for the interference from human sources. The δ34S values show that the average δ34S-SO42− in most sites is close to the δ34S isotopic values of Guizhou coal and rain, indicating that they may be affected by local coal.

scholarly journals QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE WATERS AT ASPROLAKKAS RIVER BASIN, N.E. CHALKIDIKI, GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
E. Kelepertzis ◽  
A. Argyraki ◽  
E. Daftsis ◽  
D. Ballas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Water Samples

The present study reports on a four sampling period (April 2008-July 2008-November 2008-February 2009) study of water quality in streams of NE Chalkidiki. A total of 80 surface water samples were collected and analysed for the major ions Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl- , HCO3 - , SO4 2-, NO3 - and the trace elements Pb, Fe, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn and As. Also pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Temperature, as well as the stream water discharge at each sampling point, were determined in the field. The treatment and the subsequent evaluation of the data showed that the water samples are divided into three separate groups, reflecting the chemistry of water in the three sub-basins of the area i.e., Kokkinolakkas, Kerasia and Piavitsa. The water of the first one is possibly affected by the past mining activities of the area, whereas samples from the other two reflect the influence of sulphide mineralization on the hydrogeochemistry of the corresponding streams. No effect of the seasonal differentiation of stream water discharge was observed.

scholarly journals Increase of 14C Activity of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Along a River Course

Radiocarbon ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (2A) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Srdoč ◽  
Ines Krajcar-Bronić ◽  
Nada Horvatinčić ◽  
Bogomil Obelić
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Root Respiration ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Stream Waters

Results of measurements for 3 years (1981–1983) of 14C activity of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIG) in water samples from the Korana River, as well as that of recent tufa and aquatic plants, showed that 14C concentration increases from karst spring to the estuary. A model describing the increase of 14C activity was developed assuming that the increase is due to the exchange of the dissolved CO2 in stream water with atmospheric CO2 and to dissolution of CO2 from the decay of organic material and root respiration. It is possible to distinguish these two contributions by measuring the δ13C values of DIC in water. As expected, our data show that the exchange process between atmospheric CO2 and DIC dominates at rapids and waterfalls, while biologic contribution is much higher in lakes and along the lowland flow of the Korana River. Agreement between the calculated and the measured activities supports the proposed mechanisms of chemical and isotopic exchanges in stream waters.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of the Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics of Streams and Boreholes in Uzuakoli, Eastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Okezie Onyemaechi ◽  
Nwachukwu Ejikeme
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

Water samples from twenty water sources (fifteen boreholes and five streams) in Uzuakoli, Nigeria were collected for the period of 6 months covering the dry and rainy seasons to assess the level of contamination. The Microbiological characteristics including heterotrophic counts, coliform counts and physicochemical parameters includes pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, calcium, potassium, nitrate, magnesium and phosphate were evaluated using standard methods. The total Heterotrophic counts for the borehole during the dry and rainy season were 8.3 x 103 cfu/ ml and 10.8 x 104 cfu/ ml. The Heterotrophic counts for the stream were 12.7 x 104 cfu/ ml and 17.8x 106 cfu/ ml. The frequency of occurrence of the isolates are Staphylococcus aureus 63% in borehole and 85% in streams, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 49% in boreholes and 95% in streams, Proteus sp 52% in boreholes and 97% in streams, Streptococcus sp 46% in boreholes and 53% in streams, Enterobacter aerogenes 33% in boreholes and 63% in streams, Escherichia coli 16% in boreholes and 53% in streams and Salmonella sp no percentage in boreholes and 40% in streams. The result shows a significant difference at (P≤0.05) for the bacterial isolates. The physicochemical parameters of the borehole and stream water samples during the dry and rainy seasons were determined. The temperature ranged from 25oC 32oC; pH ranged from 5.3 8.1; turbidity ranged 0.03 3.23; dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.45–7.40mg/l; biochemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.20–4.32mg/l; chemical oxygen demand ranged from 2.50–5.21mg/l; Calcium ranged from 0.81–5.64mg/l; potassium ranged from 1.01–4.22mg/l; Nitrate ranged from 1.49–4.02mg/l; magnesium ranged from 0.13–2.20mg/l; phosphate ranged from 0.51–2.01mg/l. The water samples were all within the WHO limits apart from sample from Iyi Agbozu that had temperature of 32oC.

Microbiological water and effluent sample preservation

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Dutka ◽  
A. El-Shaarawi
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Crushed Ice ◽  
Original Water

A study, using four types of water samples ranging from relatively pure stream water to water containing industrial and domestic effluents, was carried out to investigate the effect of storage temperature on four bacterial parameters: total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus, and heterotrophic bacteria. In the study, each water sample was cooled immediately after collection to approximately 1.5 °C by storage in crushed ice. At 2-, 24-, 30-, and 48-h intervals, the sample was mixed, and a subsample was removed and tested. Three separate analyses for each parameter were made on each subsample. The data available for statistical analyses contained, in some cases, the values obtained for the three subsamples and, in others, the means of the three values. The data were analysed as replicated data and as part of the entire set. The analysed data indicated (i) that with the exception of heterotrophic populations, more than 75% of the samples were microbiologically stable for at least 24 h, (ii) that at least 50% of samples tested for heterotrophic densities were stable for a minimum period of 24 h, (iii) that the original water temperature and bacterial load do not appear to be consistent factors in the preservation of samples for microbiological analysis, and (iv) that nutrient levels, also, do not seem to be consistent factors in the preservation of water samples for microbiological analyses.

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