The Power Game: Business, Capitalism, and Power in Film and Television since the 1960s

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-264
Author(s):  
Steve Davies
Keyword(s):  
Film And Television ◽  
Power Game ◽  
The 1960S

scholarly journals Bruce Lee as gladiator: Celebrity, vernacular stoicism and cinema

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-361
Author(s):  
Lindsay Steenberg
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bruce Lee ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

This article situates Bruce Lee’s films and star persona in the context of wider patterns in global genre cinema of the 1960s and 1970s. I argue for a connection between the Western reception of Lee’s films and those of the mid-century Italian sword and sandal films, beginning with the Colosseum fight between Bruce Lee and Chuck Norris that concludes Way of the Dragon (1972). From the dojo fights of Fist of Fury (1972), through the tournament structure in Enter the Dragon (1973), to his statistically led re-animation in the EA Sports UFC 3 (2018) videogame, Bruce Lee can be usefully considered as a gladiator. Bruce Lee, as fighter, performer and star persona, contributes to the enduring gladiatorial archetype that is an embedded feature in the Western visual imaginary. Furthermore, I argue that the gladiator archetype itself shifted because of Lee’s onscreen roles and the discourse that surrounds his star persona. In order to map these shifts and patterns of confluence, I chart three main points of impact that Lee has had on the gladiatorial archetype using his Western-facing roles on film and television, namely the television series Longstreet (1971–1972) and Enter the Dragon (1973). First, I consider the inclusion of martial arts and, second, the opening up of the field of representation to different models of masculinity, including a leaner body type and a non-White – in this case, ethnically Chinese – gladiator. The third point is the emphasis on a popular, or vernacular, stoicism. Ultimately, I elucidate the relationship between the gladiator, Bruce Lee, and philosophy, arguing that Lee embodies a vernacular stoicism that has become one of the defining features of the post-millennial gladiator and notions of heroic masculinity in popular culture more widely.

scholarly journals Ellen Ripley, Sarah Connor, and Kathryn Janeway: The subversive politics of action heroines in 1980s and 1990s film and television

Image & Text ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Engelbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Original Action ◽  
Film Series ◽  
Action Heroine ◽  
Female Bodies ◽  
Action Heroines ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second Wave

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, female characters that are different from the sexualised and passive women of the 1960s started appearing in science fiction film and television. Three prominent women on screen that reflect the increasing awareness of women's sexualisation and lack of representation as main protagonists in film, and that appeared at the height of feminism's second wave, are Ellen Ripley from the Alien franchise (1979-1997), Sarah Connor from the Terminator film series (1984-1991;2019) and Kathryn Janeway from the Star Trek: Voyager (1995-2001) television series. These female characters were, in contrast to their predecessors, the main protagonists and heroes at the centre of their respective narratives, they were desexualised, and they were not subservient to their male contemporaries. Most importantly, and as I show in this paper, they are complex, hybrid characters that do not perpetuate the masculine/ feminine dichotomy as their predecessors did. I further argue that it is these characters' hybridity that makes them heroines instead of simply being male heroes in female bodies, which they are often accused of. I term the heroine archetype presented by these characters the "original action heroine", and I argue that these women are likely candidates to be regarded as the first heroine archetype on screen.

Catalysts for Change, 1960–75

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-102
Author(s):  
Frances C. Galt
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Women Activists ◽  
New Left ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Women's Film ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Union Structure

This chapter analyses the relationship between women and the Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians (ACTT) between 1960 and 1975 to identify the catalysts for the establishment of the Committee on Equality (COE) in 1973 and the demand for an investigation into gender discrimination in the film and television industries, which culminated in the publication of the Patterns of Discrimination Against Women in the Film and Television Industries report in 1975. Firstly, this chapter considers whether the ‘roots’ of women’s militancy evident in the labour movement during the 1960s (Boston, 2015) can be identified within the ACTT between 1960 and 1968. Secondly, this chapter argues that the emergence of the New Left and women’s liberation movement and industrial militancy in Britain between 1968 and 1973 encouraged women to challenge the gendered union structure of the ACTT. This section particularly highlights the significance of the London Women’s Film Group to women’s activity within the ACTT. Finally, this chapter investigates the activity of the COE between 1973 and 1975, considering: the demands advanced by women activists at the ACTT’s 1973 Annual Conference, the logistics of the investigation, the obstacles to women’s activity, and the function of women’s separate self-organisation.

scholarly journals When Literary Censorship Is Not Strictly Enforced, Self-Censorship Rushes In

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitsa Ben-Ari
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Corrective Measures ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
Power Game ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Shed Light

Understanding literary translation as part of a power game has led to renewed interest in issues of censorship in translation. In an effort to untangle the intricate relations between formal law and (internalized) norms, this essay will focus on voluntary or self-imposed censorship in areas where formal censorship (i.e., legislated law, religious law) is not strictly enforced. It will first briefly describe certain aspects of formal censorship in Israel, then present cases in which the borderline between formal censorship and self-censorship seems blurred. Two particular cases will be examined: one has to do with the attitude of translators towards the use of the words “pig and pork,” the other with the Committee established by the Ministry of Education in the 1960s to censor obscenity in literature. These cases will help shed light on the deep roots of self-censorship mechanisms and the reduced need for formal censorship when subordinate groups or individuals feel that working with the consensus is more beneficial than working against it. The case of a book banned in the Orthodox community—and therefore pre-censored for translation—will examine another aspect of censorship, that of the corrective measures applied when voluntary self-censorship is not exercised.

scholarly journals Parables of Pacific Shores: Locations, Caves and Coastal Masculinities in Cast Away and Sanctum

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Craven
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Tropical Islands ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S

If one should imagine a map of production locations for dive films or films set on tropical islands since the 1960s, it would likely show a trend towards the southern hemisphere and more recently towards Queensland.1 Creative industries development in Queensland has been stimulated partly by<br />state bodies, namely the Pacific Film and Television Commission, and Screen Queensland; and the presence of Warner Roadshow Studios on the Gold Coast, and filmmakers have also been attracted more recently by production offsets from Screen Australia. There is dim connection to the classical<br />geography of the Antipodes as the underside of the world and a place of monsters.

Medical Film and Television: An Alternative Path to the Cultures of Biomedicine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Boon
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Media Production ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Film Making

This article is concerned with the triangular territory between biomedicine, relevant moving image media production, and lay people — sometimes cinematic subjects, sometimes patients, and sometimes audiences. The examples quoted — mainly British — arise from the period stretching from the late nineteenth century up to the 1960s. The significant costs and effort involved in producing medical films and programmes make their existence in certain times and places particularly interesting evidence for the terrain of biomedicine in the past. The three modes of medical film and television are discussed and they stand for different aspects of biomedicine. This article provides an understanding of how biomedicine came to be made and used and gives access to the politics and social attitudes of participants in interesting ways. The coverage of each mode of film-making is concentrated in the decade of its emergence.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Improving x-ray map resolution with image restoration techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Richard B. Mott ◽  
John J. Friel ◽  
Charles G. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Image Restoration ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Small Object ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mapping Parameters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Map Resolution

X-rays are emitted from a relatively large volume in bulk samples, limiting the smallest features which are visible in X-ray maps. Beam spreading also hampers attempts to make geometric measurements of features based on their boundaries in X-ray maps. This has prompted recent interest in using low voltages, and consequently mapping L or M lines, in order to minimize the blurring of the maps.An alternative strategy draws on the extensive work in image restoration (deblurring) developed in space science and astronomy since the 1960s. A recent example is the restoration of images from the Hubble Space Telescope prior to its new optics. Extensive literature exists on the theory of image restoration. The simplest case and its correspondence with X-ray mapping parameters is shown in Figures 1 and 2.Using pixels much smaller than the X-ray volume, a small object of differing composition from the matrix generates a broad, low response. This shape corresponds to the point spread function (PSF). The observed X-ray map can be modeled as an “ideal” map, with an X-ray volume of zero, convolved with the PSF. Figure 2a shows the 1-dimensional case of a line profile across a thin layer. Figure 2b shows an idealized noise-free profile which is then convolved with the PSF to give the blurred profile of Figure 2c.

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