scholarly journals Etymological Stratigraphy of the Lexemes lacuna / лакуна in English and Ukrainian

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
T. O. Anokhina
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Structure ◽  
New Science ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Water Lake ◽  
The World ◽  
Family Connections ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Missing Element

The article deals with etymological versions of lacuna in English and its Ukrainian лакуна counterpart. It has become terminologically important in the process of functioning and has become the basic term for the new science of lacunology. It is revealed that the lexeme of lacuna / лакуна was borrowed into English and Ukrainian from Latin, but at the same time it should be considered as a result of the semantic development of IE. *laku, in particular, of its primary definitions as “reservoir”, “dried lake”, “hole”, “void” and others Etymological nests of derivatives related to the words lacuna / лакуна have been constructed to demonstrate their genetic relationship for the common IE. root *laku / *laqü-, with the subsequent transition to the Proto-German *lögr and the Proto-Slavic – *loky. It is established that by semantic shift of the semantic chain “water”, “lake”, “pit”, “hole” in the original semantic structure of these words an archisema ‘absence’ was formed through a dichotomy повний [з водою] :: порожний [без води]. The component analysis of differential and integral family connections of the archiseme of ‘absence’ in modern naive pictures of the world is made. Based on them their further terminologisation in scientific pictures of the world have been recorded.It is proved that in the scientific pictures of the world these semes have lost their original topographic value (reservoirs and their devastated state) and have been transformed into seven ‘pass’, ‘missing element’, ‘missing form’, ‘gap’. The terms “lake”, “pit”, “swamp” and “sea” are no longer associated with the word lacuna / лакуна. Developing its original meanings and acquiring new differential families associated with the archiseme of ‘absence’ and new synonyms, the notion of lacuna / лакуна has become a term in philosophy, mathematics, medicine and linguistics.

scholarly journals ХАКАССКИЕ ПЕРИФЕРИЙНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОГО ВОСПРИЯТИЯ И ИХ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ СООТВЕТСТВИЯ В ДРУГИХ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКАХ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Chertykova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semantic Shift

Статья посвящена выявлению и описанию дифференциальных особенностей семантики периферийных глаголов со значением зрительного восприятия. В данную подгруппу мы классифицируем семь хакасских глаголов, выражающих различные стороны зрительного акта, из них четыре глагола имеют лексические соответствия в других тюркских языках. В ходе семантико-когнитивного анализа материала выявляются общие и отличительные особенности этих глаголов. Таким образом, выявлено, что лексические соответствия хакасских глаголов хара- «пристально смотреть; обозревать», пахла- «подсматривать, заглядывать» в других тюркских языках (например, в турецком, азербайджанском, татарском, башкирском, казахском) имеют обширную семантическую структуру и в результате развития многозначности они могут демонстрировать ослабление исходного перцептивного признака в последующих вторичных значениях. Глагол хара- / кара-, помимо перцептивного обозначения, указывает и на другие сферы человеческой деятельности, например, в азербайджанском, каракалпакском языках данный глагол обладает лексико-семантическим вариантом (ЛСВ) «подчиняться». В татарском, башкирском и др. языках данный глагол в силу частотности употребления, принимает на себя модальное значение «попробовать». Проанализированы также семантические составляющие глаголов, характерных (по нашим наблюдениям) для хакасского языка. В сибирских тюркских же языках эти глаголы в своих ЛСВ обычно сохраняют перцептивную сему, только тув.: каракта- и тоф.: қарақта- показывают семантический сдвиг в плане когнитивного соотношения зрительного и ментального процессов. По нашим наблюдениям, характерными для хакасского языка оказались глаголы: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, маркированные семой «[смотреть], поворачивая голову» и глагол аңды-, актуализирующий признак целенаправленности и концентрации зрительного акта.The article is devoted to the identification and description of the differential features of the semantics of peripheral verbs with the meaning of visual perception. In this subgroup, we classify seven Khakass verbs expressing various aspects of the visual act, of which four verbs have lexical correspondences in other Turkic languages. In the course of semantic-cognitive analysis of the material, the common and distinctive features of these verbs are revealed. Thus, it has been revealed that the lexical correspondences of the Khakass verbs хара- «watch closely; observe», пахла- «peep, peep» in other Turkic languages (for example, Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh) have an extensive semantic structure and as a result of the development of ambiguity, they can demonstrate a weakening of the original perceptive trait in subsequent secondary values. The verb хара- / кара-, in addition to perceptual designation, indicates other spheres of human activity, for example, in the Azerbaijani, Karakalpak languages, this verb has the LSW «to obey». In the Tatar, Bashkir and other languages, this verb, due to its frequency of use, assumes the modal meaning «try». The semantic components of the verbs characteristic (according to our observations) for the Khakass language are also analyzed. In the Siberian Turkic languages, these verbs in their lexico-semantic variants (LSV) usually retain perceptual semo, only tuv.: каракта- and tof.: қарақта- show the semantic shift in terms of the cognitive relation of the visual and mental processes. According to our observations, the characteristic verses for Khakass were: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, marked with sema «[watch], turning the head» and verb аңды-, the actualizing sign of focus and concentration of the visual act.

Lexical traps in Hong Kong English

English Today ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Groves ◽  
Hei Tao Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
Hong Kong English

Despite a large and growing literature on Hong Kong English (HKE), few studies have been conducted on its emerging language features, particularly its grammar or vocabulary. According to Gisborne (2009), studies on HKE to date have focused on language attitudes, code-switching, learner errors, and the local accent. A quick review of the research on vocabulary reveals that even those studies with a specific lexical focus have tended to be fairly limited in scope, focusing on borrowing, politicized expressions and localized vocabulary. Additionally, by their nature, these studies have tended to only cover vocabulary items that are unique and obviously have a different meaning in the local setting. In particular, there is a noticeable dearth of in-depth studies on semantic shift, in particular extensions or adaptations of meaning for simple words or phrases which are taken for granted as being at the common core of English varieties throughout the world. This kind of usage is more likely to cause comprehension difficulties than the more-often studied borrowings or coinages, simply because it might not be apparent to either a native speaker or a Hong Kong speaker that there is a difference in meaning when it comes to the Hong Kong terms used, and therefore there is a greater potential for misunderstanding.

Definition of Heterology

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Bataille
Keyword(s):  
New Science ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shed Light

In this text, Bataille clarifies his idea of the ‘excluded part’, i.e. that which is left behind by science. Bataille seeks to create an approach that would challenge the abstracted method of science, which presents the world as idealized and homogeneous. The aim of Bataille’s ‘science of the heterogeneous’ is to shed light on the unproductive expenditure of life, which moves between the sacred and the unclean. In pursuing this, he debunks the common idea that what is profane is already impure and vice versa. This text is notable for the new vocabulary that Bataille introduces in order to define heterology. Terms like heterodoxy, agiology and scatology rehabilitate the ideas of the unclean and the profane by structuring them in a new discourse, in which the excluded part is taken as the foundation for the new science of the impossible. Finally, the text shows how Bataille articulates this new science through providing examples largely from the study of religion and psychoanalysis.

Between High Culture and Low Culture; and also The Difference Between Popular Culture and Folk Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kunal Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Common People ◽  
High Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Culture

High culture is a collection of ideologies, beliefs, thoughts, trends, practices and works-- intellectual or creative-- that is intended for refined, cultured and educated elite people. Low culture is the culture of the common people and the mass. Popular culture is something that is always, most importantly, related to everyday average people and their experiences of the world; it is urban, changing and consumeristic in nature. Folk culture is the culture of preindustrial (premarket, precommodity) communities.

Current updates on COVID-19 - A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ghotekar D S ◽  
Vishal N Kushare ◽  
Sagar V Ghotekar
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause illness such as respiratory diseases or gastrointestinal diseases. Respiratory diseases can range from the common cold to more severe diseases. A novel coronavirus outbreak was first documented in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been identified in humans previously. Once scientists determine exactly what coronavirus it is, they give it a name (as in the case of COVID-19, the virus causing it is SARS-CoV-2).

Myths about COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 907-912
Author(s):  
Deepika Masurkar ◽  
Priyanka Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Common People ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Organization

Recently at the end of 2019, a new disease was found in Wuhan, China. This disease was diagnosed to be caused by a new type of coronavirus and affected almost the whole world. Chinese researchers named this novel virus as 2019-nCov or Wuhan-coronavirus. However, to avoid misunderstanding the World Health Organization noises it as COVID-19 virus when interacting with the media COVID-19 is new globally as well as in India. This has disturbed peoples mind. There are various rumours about the coronavirus in Indian society which causes panic in peoples mind. It is the need of society to know myths and facts about coronavirus to reduce the panic and take the proper precautionary actions for our safety against the coronavirus. Thus this article aims to bust myths and present the facts to the common people. We need to verify myths spreading through social media and keep our self-ready with facts so that we can protect our self in a better way. People must prevent COVID 19 at a personal level. Appropriate action in individual communities and countries can benefit the entire world.

“There is such a situation that Comrade Svoboda is under pressure”. The Soviet leadership and the settlement of relations with Czechoslovakia. May 1969

2019 ◽  
pp. 512-519
Author(s):  
Teymur Dzhalilov ◽  
Nikita Pivovarov
Keyword(s):  
Central Committee ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The published document is a part of the working record of The Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee on May 5, 1969. The employees of The Common Department of the CPSU Central Committee started writing such working records from the end of 1965. In contrast to the protocols, the working notes include speeches of the secretaries of the Central Committee, that allow to deeper analyze the reactions of the top party leadership, to understand their position regarding the political agenda. The peculiarity of the published document is that the Secretariat of the Central Committee did not deal with the most important foreign policy issues. It was the responsibility of the Politburo. However, it was at a meeting of the Secretariat of the Central Committee when Brezhnev raised the question of inviting G. Husák to Moscow. The latter replaced A. Dubček as the first Secretary of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia in April 1969. As follows from the document, Leonid Brezhnev tried to solve this issue at a meeting of the Politburo, but failed. However, even at the Secretariat of the Central Committee the Leonid Brezhnev’s initiative at the invitation of G. Husák was not supported. The published document reveals to us not only new facets in the mechanisms of decision-making in the CPSU Central Committee, the role of the Secretary General in this process, but also reflects the acute discussions within the Soviet government about the future of the world socialist systems.

Mobile Perception and the Automotive Prosthetic

Transfers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charissa N. Terranova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Conceptual Art ◽  
Robert Smithson ◽  
Martha Rosler ◽  
The World ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Linguistics

This essay focuses on a body of photoconceptual works from the 1960s and 1970s in which the automobile functions as a prosthetic-like aperture through which to view the world in motion. I argue that the logic of the “automotive prosthetic“ in works by Paul McCarthy, Dennis Hopper, Ed Ruscha, Jeff Wall, John Baldessari, Richard Prince, Martha Rosler, Robert Smithson, Ed Kienholz, Julian Opie, and Cory Arcangel reveals a techno-genetic understanding of conceptual art, functioning in addition and alternatively to semiotics and various philosophies of language usually associated with conceptual art. These artworks show how the automobile, movement on roads and highways, and the automotive landscape of urban sprawl have transformed the human sensorium. I surmise that the car has become a prosthetic of the human body and is a technological force in the maieusis of the posthuman subject. I offer a reading of specific works of photoconceptual art based on experience, perception, and a posthumanist subjectivity in contrast to solely understanding them according to semiotics and linguistics.

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENT FEATURES OF HAND GESTURES IN AMERICAN AND KYRGYZ CULTURES

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Avtandil kyzy Ya
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

Abstract: This paper highlights similarities and different features of the category of kinesics “hand gestures”, its frequency usage and acceptance by different individuals in two different cultures. This study shows its similarities, differences and importance of the gestures, for people in both cultures. Consequently, kinesics study was mentioned as a main part of body language. As indicated in the article, the study kinesics was not presented in the Kyrgyz culture well enough, though Kyrgyz people use hand gestures a lot in their everyday life. The research paper begins with the common definition of hand gestures as a part of body language, several handshake categories like: the finger squeeze, the limp fish, the two-handed handshake were explained by several statements in the English and Kyrgyz languages. Furthermore, this article includes definitions and some idioms containing hand, shake, squeeze according to the Oxford and Academic Dictionary to show readers the figurative meanings of these common words. The current study was based on the books of writers Allan and Barbara Pease “The definite book of body language” 2004, Romana Lefevre “Rude hand gestures of the world”2011 etc. Key words: kinesics, body language, gestures, acoustics, applause, paralanguage, non-verbal communication, finger squeeze, perceptions, facial expressions. Аннотация. Бул макалада вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы”, алардын эки башка маданиятта колдонулушу, айырмачылыгы жана окшош жактары каралган. Макаланын максаты болуп “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” мааниси, айырмасы жана эки маданиятта колдонулушу эсептелет. Ошону менен бирге, вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “кинесика” илими каралган. Берилген макалада кѳрсѳтүлгѳндѳй, “кинесика” илими кыргыз маданиятында толугу менен изилденген эмес, ошого карабастан “кинесика” илиминин бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы” кыргыз элинин маданиятында кѳп колдонулат. Андан тышкары, “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” бир нече түрү, англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде ма- селен аркылуу берилген.Тѳмѳнкү изилдѳѳ ишин жазууда чет элдик жазуучулардын эмгектери колдонулду. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: кинесика, жандоо кыймылы, акустика,кол чабуулар, паралингвистика, вербалдык эмес баарлашуу,кол кысуу,кабыл алуу сезими. Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются сходства и различия “жестикуляции” и частота ее использования, в американской и кыргызской культурах. Следовательно, здесь было упомянуто понятие “кинесика” как основная часть языка тела. Как указано в статье, “кинесика” не была представлена в кыргызской культуре достаточно хорошо, хотя кыргызский народ часто использует жестикуляцию в повседневной жизни. Исследовательская работа начинается с общего определения “жестикуляции” как части языка тела и несколько категорий жестикуляции, таких как: сжатие пальца, слабое рукопожатие, рукопожатие двумя руками, были объяснены несколькими примерами на английском и кыргызском языках. Кроме того, эта статья включает определения слов “рука”, “рукопожатие”, “сжатие” и некоторые идиомы, содержащие данных слов согласно Оксфордскому и Академическому словарю, чтобы показать читателям их образное значение. Данное исследование было основано на книгах писателей Аллана и Барбары Пиз «Определенная книга языка тела» 2004 года, Романа Лефевра «Грубые жестикуляции мира» 2011 года и т.д. Ключевые слова: кинесика, язык жестов, жесты, акустика, аплодисменты, паралингвистика, невербальная коммуникация, сжатие пальца, чувство восприятия, выражение лиц.

Causality Then and Now

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Karen Harding
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

Ate appearances deceiving? Do objects behave the way they do becauseGod wills it? Ate objects impetmanent and do they only exist becausethey ate continuously created by God? According to a1 Ghazlli, theanswers to all of these questions ate yes. Objects that appear to bepermanent are not. Those relationships commonly tefemed to as causalare a result of God’s habits rather than because one event inevitably leadsto another. God creates everything in the universe continuously; if Heceased to create it, it would no longer exist.These ideas seem oddly naive and unscientific to people living in thetwentieth century. They seem at odds with the common conception of thephysical world. Common sense says that the universe is made of tealobjects that persist in time. Furthermore, the behavior of these objects isreasonable, logical, and predictable. The belief that the univetse is understandablevia logic and reason harkens back to Newton’s mechanical viewof the universe and has provided one of the basic underpinnings ofscience for centuries. Although most people believe that the world is accutatelydescribed by this sort of mechanical model, the appropriatenessof such a model has been called into question by recent scientificadvances, and in particular, by quantum theory. This theory implies thatthe physical world is actually very different from what a mechanicalmodel would predit.Quantum theory seeks to explain the nature of physical entities andthe way that they interact. It atose in the early part of the twentieth centuryin response to new scientific data that could not be incorporated successfullyinto the ptevailing mechanical view of the universe. Due largely ...

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