scholarly journals Changes of the ultrastructural organization of cells of rats esophagus in the modeling of second-degree esophageal stricture

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Ye.V. Shaprynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Esophageal Strictures ◽  
Second Degree

Scar strictures that lead to obstruction of the esophagus do not tend to decrease lately, but on the contrary, the number of such patients is increasing, which is caused by the use of a large range of chemicals in human life. The results of treatment of scarring strictures depend on the degree of stenosis. With complete obstruction of the esophagus, the question arises about conducting surgical treatment. Methods of correction of esophageal strictures have a considerable number of postoperative complications and lethal consequences – from 5.0 % to 15.0 %. Therefore, in order to create a unified pathogenetic tactic for the management and treatment of esophageal strictures, we were offered to study the ultrastructural changes of the mucous membrane of the stricture of the second stage during its modeling in the experiment. The purpose of the work is to investigate the dynamics of ultrastructural changes of the mucous membrane of the esophagus wall in the normal and second stage of its stricture. The experimental study was performed on adult white male rats weighing between 250 and 300 g. A total of 16 animals were operated on, which were divided into 2 groups: a control group (6 rats) and a study group (10 rats). The studies were performed under ketamine anesthesia. In animals of the control group performed only laparotomy, followed by layer-by-layer suturing of the anterior abdominal wall. In animals of the study group created a model of obstruction of the esophagus of the second stage. Electron microscopic examination was performed on days 3, 4, and 5 of the experiment, eliminating animals by overdosing on ketamine. As a result of the electron microscopic study of the ultrastructural organization of basal, spinosum, superficial epitheliocytes of stratified squamous epithelium without keratin, smooth muscle myocytes of the muscular plate and contractile elements of the muscular layer of the esophagus of rats with simulated stricture of the second degree revealed dystrophic and destructive disorders that varied in depth and severity. It was established that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a decrease in the activity of reparative, metabolic and synthetic processes of the cell, which is indirectly manifested by a decrease in ribosomes and polysomes in the cytoplasm, loosening and focal lysis of membranes of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Stricture of esophagus of the second stage causes activation of catabolic intracellular processes in all cells, which is morphologically confirmed by the appearance in the cytoplasm of secondary lysosomes and inclusions of lipids.

scholarly journals Features of electron microscopic changes in the liver of rats aged 24-26 months under conditions of hyperhomocysteinemia

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Halahan ◽  
O. Ye. Маievskyi ◽  
Yu. Y. Guminskyi ◽  
A. P. Korol ◽  
S. V. Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Group A ◽  
Liver Structure ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Amino Acid Methionine ◽  
Experimental Group

Disruption of the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine causes the syndrome of hyperhomocysteinemia. This pathological condition is associated with the risk of developing a number of diseases, including chronic liver disease. The mechanisms of liver tissue damage in hyperhomocysteinemia remain poorly understood and require more detailed study. The aim of the study is to establish the features of submicroscopic changes in the liver structure of old rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. The experimental study was performed on 22 white nonlinear old (24-26 months) male rats, which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. A model of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia was created by administering to rats of experimental group of thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically for 60 days. The study of ultrastructural changes in the lungs of rats was performed using an electron microscope PEM-125K. At experimental hyperhomocysteinemia in a liver of old rats there are changes in all structural components. Mitochondrial destruction and edema were observed in the vascular endothelium. Organelles have an enlightened matrix, a reduced number of cristae. A significant content of destructively altered mitochondria in endothelial cells indicates a failure of adaptation mechanisms. Erythrocyte sludges are observed in the lumens of the sinusoids. The number of fat-accumulating cells decreases, which indicates their transformation into fibroblasts and leads to the growth of collagen fibers, expansion of the sinusoidal spaces and the development of stromal fibrosis.

scholarly journals The effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the patterns of electron microscopic changes in the liver of adult rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Halahan ◽  
O. Ye. Maievskyi ◽  
Yu. Yo. Guminskyi ◽  
A. P. Korol
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ito Cells ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

One of the important tasks of modern science is to find biochemical markers that would be able to reflect the risks of development and the nature of the course of various diseases, as well as to predict their possible consequences. In recent years, a significant number of compounds that can affect the biochemical profile of the organism have been identified. Homocysteine – a product of methionine metabolism, belongs to one of these markers, and the effects of its influece on the structure and function of various organs are being actively studied by modern researchers. The aim of the study is to find the patterns of electron microscopic changes in the liver structure of adult rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. The experimental study was performed on 22 white nonlinear mature male rats, which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. A model of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia was created by administering to rats of experimental group thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically for 60 days. The study of ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats was performed using an electron microscope PEM-125K. In adult rats with experimental hyperhomocysteinemia at the ultrastructural level, dystrophic and destructive changes in hepatocytes, endotheliocytes in the walls of sinusoids and Kupffer cells were found. These changes were more pronounced than in young rats with experimental hyperhomocysteinemia. Revealed structural changes in decompensation (depletion) of mitochondria – fewer number of cristae and enlightened matrix. In contrast to young rats, adult rats with hyperhomocysteinemia in the perisinusoidal spaces showed elongated Ito cells, a significant proportion of the cytoplasm is occupied by the Golgi complex and granular endoplasmic reticulum tanks, indicating protein synthesis for export. In Ito cells, the content of fat droplets, which are located on opposite poles of cells, is reduced. This morphological picture manifests the transformation of Ito cells into fibroblasts.

scholarly journals Submicroscopic changes in the liver of young rats with hyperhomocysteinemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Halahan
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Experimental Group

To date, it has been established that hyperhomocysteinemia plays a significant role in the development and progression of many diseases. The accumulation of homocysteine occurs due to a violation of the relationship between its production and excretion from the body. The liver plays an important role in the metabolism of homocysteine, because it undergoes most of the reactions of its transmethylation, and, therefore, it is the first to be adversely affected. The aim of the study is to identify the features of electron microscopic changes in the liver structure of young rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. The experimental study was performed on 22 white nonlinear young (1-2 months) male rats, which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. A model of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia was created by administering to rats the experimental group of thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically for 60 days. The study of ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats was performed using an electron microscope PEM-125K. It was found that the introduction of thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg in rats led to the development of degenerative changes in hepatocytes. Changes in the structure of liver cells manifested themselves in the form of edema of the cytoplasm and mitochondria, destruction of mitochondrial cristae, dilation of the tubules of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and tanks of the Golgi complex. The activity of fat-accumulating liver cells and stellate macrophages is characteristically. In the lumens of the sinusoidal capillaries found sweeter shaped blood elements, the cytoplasm of endothelial cells had signs of edema. Thus, in experimental hyperhomocysteinemia revealed changes at the ultrastructural level in all structural components of the liver of young rats. The identified changes are compensatory-adaptive in nature and are reversible.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural organization of hemomicrocirculatory bed of the lungs affected by Doxorubicin

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
L.M. Zaiats ◽  
O.O. Yankiv ◽  
I.V. Gunas ◽  
O.M. Shapoval ◽  
O.V. Shypitsina
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Submicroscopic Structure

One of the most effective anticancer drugs for breast cancer, lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma, leukemia, some solid tumors is Doxorubicin. However, its antitumor effect directly correlates with the dose-dependent manifestation of toxicity to healthy tissues and body systems. The purpose of the study is to study the dynamics of ultrastructural changes of the hemomicrocirculatory bed under the influence of Doxorubicin. Animals were divided into 3 groups: I – intact rats (n=10); II – control (n=20); III – rats with Doxorubicin model (n=40). Doxorubicin was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight once a week for 4 weeks. An animal control group was intraperitoneally injected with an equivalent volume of saline. Pulmonary tissue sampling for electron microscopic examination was performed under thiopental anesthesia 7, 14, 21, 28 days after the start of the experiment. Pieces of pulmonary tissue were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde followed by fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide. After dehydration, the material was poured into araldite-epon. The sections obtained on a “Tesla BS-490” ultramicrotome were examined in an electron microscope “PEM-125K”. It is established that within 7 days after the first injection of Doxorubicin in the lungs changes in the structural organization of the hemomicrocapillary bed and the disturbance of blood rheological properties are determined, as evidenced by the excessive accumulation of neutrophils in the hemocapillaries, their adhesion and aggregation. With the extension of the study period (14-28 days) there is a progressive disturbance of the submicroscopic structure of hemocapillaries of the alveolar wall and marked changes in the rheological properties of blood. In endothelial cells, swelling phenomena with organelle disorganization are determined, and in some areas there is a desquamation of endothelial cells into the lumen of the hemocapillaries with basal membrane exposures. In the lumen of the microvessels, red blood cells and leuco-platelet aggregates are noted. Thus, the introduction of Doxorubicin leads to pronounced submicroscopic changes in the hemomicrocirculatory bed. Violation of the ultrastructural organization of the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the lungs is determined after 7 days after the start of the study.

HISTOMETRIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVIMUSCULAR TERMINALS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT A HYPOKINESIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Z. M. Yaschyshyn ◽  
S. L. Popel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The aim: to study the dynamics of histological and ultrastructural changes in muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia at different stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Studied skeletal muscles and their peripheral nervous apparatus of laboratory male Wistar rats aged 30 to 270 days. The restriction of motor activity was carried out in special canister cells for 30, 60, 90, and 240 days (5 animals for each term). To determine the type of muscle fiber, the Nahlas histochemical method was used, the Kulchitsky method was used to detect myelinated nerve fibers, the Bilshovsky-Gros method and the electron microscopic method to identify neuromuscular endings. Results. The data of histological and electron microscopic examination of skeletal muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia indicate their regular restructuring during the development of muscles, the formation of their synapses and structures that are associated with them at different stages of ontogenesis. Conclusion. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the relative frequency and nature of the disturbance of the neuromuscular endings during prolonged hypokinesia and its effect on the dynamics of structural adjustment of individual types of muscle fibers in ontogenesis.

HISTOMETRIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVIMUSCULAR TERMINALS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT A HYPOKINESIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Z. M. Yaschyshyn ◽  
S. L. Popel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The aim: to study the dynamics of histological and ultrastructural changes in muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia at different stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Studied skeletal muscles and their peripheral nervous apparatus of laboratory male Wistar rats aged 30 to 270 days. The restriction of motor activity was carried out in special canister cells for 30, 60, 90, and 240 days (5 animals for each term). To determine the type of muscle fiber, the Nahlas histochemical method was used, the Kulchitsky method was used to detect myelinated nerve fibers, the Bilshovsky-Gros method and the electron microscopic method to identify neuromuscular endings. Results. The data of histological and electron microscopic examination of skeletal muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia indicate their regular restructuring during the development of muscles, the formation of their synapses and structures that are associated with them at different stages of ontogenesis. Conclusion. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the relative frequency and nature of the disturbance of the neuromuscular endings during prolonged hypokinesia and its effect on the dynamics of structural adjustment of individual types of muscle fibers in ontogenesis.

673 Effect of Subcutaneous Topical Ozone Therapy on Second Degree Burn Wounds in Rats: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S193-S193
Author(s):  
Emre Karakaya ◽  
Aydincan Akdur ◽  
H Ebru ◽  
Ayvazoglu Soy ◽  
Alev Ok Atilgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Degree Burn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Degree

Abstract Introduction Burn is one of the most severe traumas that causes coagulative destruction of the skin. The use of various products that accelerate wound healing in patients with burn may affect the patient’s survival and reduce the complications that may be seen. In the present study we aimed effects of subcutaneous ozone injection on second degree burn wound. Methods A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley male rats included in the study were divided randomly into three groups (control group (CG), silver sulfadiazine group (SG), ozone group (OG)) and each group was divided randomly two subgroups (as sacrificed on d7 and on d14).A deep second degree scald burns were created on the lower back. In CG subcutaneous 0.9% serum saline was injected daily into the burn area. In SG, burns were dressed with silver sulfadiazine daily and in OG subcutaneous ozone was injected daily into the burn area. Tissue hydroxyproline level measurement and histopathological evaluation were done. Results When the groups were compared in terms of weight change, no significant difference was found on the 7th and 14th days. In the evaluation made in terms of tissue hydroxyproline, tissue hydroxyproline level in OG was found to be significantly higher on both the 7th and 14th days (p < 0.001). In histopathological evaluations, it was determined that wound healing in OG was significantly higher than in the other groups. Conclusions According to the results, subcutaneous ozone therapy is more effective than silver sulphadiazine in the healing process of second-degree burn wounds and it can be safely used in the treatment of burn wounds.

Doxorubicin for prevention of epineurial fibrosis in a rat sciatic nerve model: outcome based on gross postsurgical, histopathological, and ultrastructural findings

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baki S. Albayrak ◽  
Ozgur Ismailoglu ◽  
Konuralp Ilbay ◽  
Umut Yaka ◽  
Gamze Tanriover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Sciatic Nerves

Object Epineural fibrosis may complicate peripheral nerve surgeries and currently is considered as one of the main factors responsible for failed surgeries. The authors investigated the postoperative antiscarring effects of topically applied doxorubicin (DXR) on rat sciatic nerves. Methods The sciatic nerves were dissected from the surrounding tissue and exposed bilaterally in 20 Wistar albino adult male rats. Abrasion trauma was produced on the exposed surface of the biceps femoris muscle in the vicinity of the sciatic nerves and their main branches in all animals. In the DXR Group, cottonoid pads soaked with DXR (0.5 mg/ml) were placed around the nerves for 5 minutes, whereas cotton pads soaked with saline (0.9% NaCl) were applied to nerves of animals in the Control Group for the same duration. Twelve weeks after the procedure, all of the rats were killed and the sciatic nerves were examined. Epineural adhesions were evaluated histopathologically and ultrastructurally. Additionally, quantitative histological parameters, the scar tissue formation index and the scar density, were calculated in histological evaluation. Results Gross postsurgical evaluation as well as histopathological and electron microscopic examination of involved nerve segments showed significantly less epineurial adhesions in the DXR Group than in the Control Group. Quantitative analysis of the epineurium revealed a statistically significant reduction in the density and amount of epineural scarring in specimens from the DXR Group than in those from the Control Group. Conlusions The results of gross postsurgical anatomical evaluation and histopathological and ultrastructural studies suggested that topical application of DXR effectively reduced epineural scar formation on rat sciatic nerves. These promising findings merit further experimental and clinical studies to determine the efficacy and safe applicability of DXR in human subjects.

scholarly journals СУБМІКРОСКОПІЧНІ ЗМІНИ КОМПОНЕНТІВ АЕРОГЕМАТИЧНОГО БАР’ЄРУ РЕСПІРАТОРНОГО ВІДДІЛУ ЛЕГЕНЬ ЩУРІВ У РАННІ ТЕРМІНИ ПІСЛЯ ГОСТРОГО УРАЖЕННЯ ХЛОРИДНОЮ КИСЛОТОЮ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Beskyy ◽  
Z. M. Nebesna ◽  
M. I. Marushchak ◽  
L. A. Hryshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Type I ◽  
White Rats

Submicroscopic studies of the respiratory part of the lungs after 2 and 6 hours after the experimental acute lung injury with hydrochloric acid established adaptive-compensatory and destructive changes in the components of the air-blood barrier.The aim of the study – to learn submicroscopic changes in the components of the air-blood barrier of the lungs in the early period after acute lung injury.Materials and Methods. The experiments were carried out on 30 white mature non-linear male rats weighing 200–220 g. The animals were divided into 3 groups: 1 – control group, 2 – hydrochloric acid damage after 2 hours, 3 – hydrochloric acid damage after 6 hour.Results and Discussion. In an experiment on mature white rats, a study was made of the submicroscopic state of the components of the air-blood barrier in the early periods after acute lung injury. It has been established that adaptive-compensatory and initial destructive changes of the alveolar epithelium and the walls of the hemocapillary take place at 2 o'clock in the experiment. The cytoplasm of respiratory epitheliocytes during this period of the experiment was focal-edematous and enlightened, organelles were destructively altered. For alveolocytes of type I, there was a significant swelling and clarification of the cytoplasm. During this period of the experiment, an increased number of actively phagocytizing macrophages appeared, which acquired a rounded shape, clearly contoured membranes of the cariolema, their invaginations were determined, and in the karyoplasm euchromatin predominated. In alveolocytes of type II, after 6 hours, the progression of destructive changes was established. For which there were peculiarity hypertrophied nuclei with deep invagination of the cariolema, in which there were few nuclear pores, locally expanded perinuclear space. In the edematous cytoplasm, organelles were found to be destructively altered.Conclusions. Acute damage to the lungs leads to a disruption of the ultrastructural organization of the air-blood barrier. Established adaptive-compensatory processes and signs of destructive changes in the alveolar epithelium and the walls of hemocapillaries, which leads to deterioration of gas-exchange processes in the lungs.

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of the manifestations of damage and reparative processes in the mucous membrane of the duodenum of rats under the conditions of skin burns and skin burns associated with diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
I.A. Tymoshenko ◽  
L.M. Sokurenko ◽  
A.Ya. Yanchyshyn ◽  
V.A. Pastukhova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Experimental Diabetes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Solution Ph

Currently, severe thermal injury is becoming one of the most important problems of practical medicine. Diabetes is also recognized as another global medical and social challenge of our century. The emergency situation for the treatment and prevention of the consequences of these pathologies is a consequence of the lack of a reliable theoretical basis for solving specific clinical problems regarding the course of burns, diabetes and their complications. The aim of the study is to establish the patterns of structural changes in the mucous membrane of the duodenum after burn injury of the skin of rats under conditions of experimental diabetes mellitus. The study was performed on 63 laboratory white adult male rats weighing 180-210 g, which were divided into 3 groups: intact animals, rats with skin burns and rats with skin burns on the background of diabetes. The model of experimental diabetes mellitus was reproduced by administering Streptozotocin to rats intraperitoneally once at a dose of 50 mg/kg, pre-dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer solution (pH=4.5). The control of the development of hyperglycemia in the experimental groups was the level of glucose in the blood 24.24±0.79 mmol/l. In the control group this index was 8.03±0.4 mmol/l. Rats with skin burns revealed destructive manifestations, which are accompanied by an active inflammatory reaction and corresponding necrotic changes, while rats with skin burns on the background of diabetes mellitus pathological processes are not just “summed up”, but in some way adaptively modified with the involvement of stress mechanisms of the endoplasmic reticulum and associated autophagy.

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