scholarly journals The effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the patterns of electron microscopic changes in the liver of adult rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Halahan ◽  
O. Ye. Maievskyi ◽  
Yu. Yo. Guminskyi ◽  
A. P. Korol
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ito Cells ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

One of the important tasks of modern science is to find biochemical markers that would be able to reflect the risks of development and the nature of the course of various diseases, as well as to predict their possible consequences. In recent years, a significant number of compounds that can affect the biochemical profile of the organism have been identified. Homocysteine – a product of methionine metabolism, belongs to one of these markers, and the effects of its influece on the structure and function of various organs are being actively studied by modern researchers. The aim of the study is to find the patterns of electron microscopic changes in the liver structure of adult rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. The experimental study was performed on 22 white nonlinear mature male rats, which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. A model of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia was created by administering to rats of experimental group thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically for 60 days. The study of ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats was performed using an electron microscope PEM-125K. In adult rats with experimental hyperhomocysteinemia at the ultrastructural level, dystrophic and destructive changes in hepatocytes, endotheliocytes in the walls of sinusoids and Kupffer cells were found. These changes were more pronounced than in young rats with experimental hyperhomocysteinemia. Revealed structural changes in decompensation (depletion) of mitochondria – fewer number of cristae and enlightened matrix. In contrast to young rats, adult rats with hyperhomocysteinemia in the perisinusoidal spaces showed elongated Ito cells, a significant proportion of the cytoplasm is occupied by the Golgi complex and granular endoplasmic reticulum tanks, indicating protein synthesis for export. In Ito cells, the content of fat droplets, which are located on opposite poles of cells, is reduced. This morphological picture manifests the transformation of Ito cells into fibroblasts.

scholarly journals Submicroscopic changes in the liver of young rats with hyperhomocysteinemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Halahan
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Experimental Group

To date, it has been established that hyperhomocysteinemia plays a significant role in the development and progression of many diseases. The accumulation of homocysteine occurs due to a violation of the relationship between its production and excretion from the body. The liver plays an important role in the metabolism of homocysteine, because it undergoes most of the reactions of its transmethylation, and, therefore, it is the first to be adversely affected. The aim of the study is to identify the features of electron microscopic changes in the liver structure of young rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. The experimental study was performed on 22 white nonlinear young (1-2 months) male rats, which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. A model of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia was created by administering to rats the experimental group of thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically for 60 days. The study of ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats was performed using an electron microscope PEM-125K. It was found that the introduction of thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg in rats led to the development of degenerative changes in hepatocytes. Changes in the structure of liver cells manifested themselves in the form of edema of the cytoplasm and mitochondria, destruction of mitochondrial cristae, dilation of the tubules of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and tanks of the Golgi complex. The activity of fat-accumulating liver cells and stellate macrophages is characteristically. In the lumens of the sinusoidal capillaries found sweeter shaped blood elements, the cytoplasm of endothelial cells had signs of edema. Thus, in experimental hyperhomocysteinemia revealed changes at the ultrastructural level in all structural components of the liver of young rats. The identified changes are compensatory-adaptive in nature and are reversible.

scholarly journals Features of electron microscopic changes in the liver of rats aged 24-26 months under conditions of hyperhomocysteinemia

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Halahan ◽  
O. Ye. Маievskyi ◽  
Yu. Y. Guminskyi ◽  
A. P. Korol ◽  
S. V. Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Group A ◽  
Liver Structure ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Amino Acid Methionine ◽  
Experimental Group

Disruption of the metabolism of the essential amino acid methionine causes the syndrome of hyperhomocysteinemia. This pathological condition is associated with the risk of developing a number of diseases, including chronic liver disease. The mechanisms of liver tissue damage in hyperhomocysteinemia remain poorly understood and require more detailed study. The aim of the study is to establish the features of submicroscopic changes in the liver structure of old rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. The experimental study was performed on 22 white nonlinear old (24-26 months) male rats, which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. A model of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia was created by administering to rats of experimental group of thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically for 60 days. The study of ultrastructural changes in the lungs of rats was performed using an electron microscope PEM-125K. At experimental hyperhomocysteinemia in a liver of old rats there are changes in all structural components. Mitochondrial destruction and edema were observed in the vascular endothelium. Organelles have an enlightened matrix, a reduced number of cristae. A significant content of destructively altered mitochondria in endothelial cells indicates a failure of adaptation mechanisms. Erythrocyte sludges are observed in the lumens of the sinusoids. The number of fat-accumulating cells decreases, which indicates their transformation into fibroblasts and leads to the growth of collagen fibers, expansion of the sinusoidal spaces and the development of stromal fibrosis.

scholarly journals Changes of the ultrastructural organization of cells of rats esophagus in the modeling of second-degree esophageal stricture

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Ye.V. Shaprynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Esophageal Strictures ◽  
Second Degree

Scar strictures that lead to obstruction of the esophagus do not tend to decrease lately, but on the contrary, the number of such patients is increasing, which is caused by the use of a large range of chemicals in human life. The results of treatment of scarring strictures depend on the degree of stenosis. With complete obstruction of the esophagus, the question arises about conducting surgical treatment. Methods of correction of esophageal strictures have a considerable number of postoperative complications and lethal consequences – from 5.0 % to 15.0 %. Therefore, in order to create a unified pathogenetic tactic for the management and treatment of esophageal strictures, we were offered to study the ultrastructural changes of the mucous membrane of the stricture of the second stage during its modeling in the experiment. The purpose of the work is to investigate the dynamics of ultrastructural changes of the mucous membrane of the esophagus wall in the normal and second stage of its stricture. The experimental study was performed on adult white male rats weighing between 250 and 300 g. A total of 16 animals were operated on, which were divided into 2 groups: a control group (6 rats) and a study group (10 rats). The studies were performed under ketamine anesthesia. In animals of the control group performed only laparotomy, followed by layer-by-layer suturing of the anterior abdominal wall. In animals of the study group created a model of obstruction of the esophagus of the second stage. Electron microscopic examination was performed on days 3, 4, and 5 of the experiment, eliminating animals by overdosing on ketamine. As a result of the electron microscopic study of the ultrastructural organization of basal, spinosum, superficial epitheliocytes of stratified squamous epithelium without keratin, smooth muscle myocytes of the muscular plate and contractile elements of the muscular layer of the esophagus of rats with simulated stricture of the second degree revealed dystrophic and destructive disorders that varied in depth and severity. It was established that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a decrease in the activity of reparative, metabolic and synthetic processes of the cell, which is indirectly manifested by a decrease in ribosomes and polysomes in the cytoplasm, loosening and focal lysis of membranes of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Stricture of esophagus of the second stage causes activation of catabolic intracellular processes in all cells, which is morphologically confirmed by the appearance in the cytoplasm of secondary lysosomes and inclusions of lipids.

Intestinal Absorption and Tissue Retention of Cadmium and Calcium in Normal Adult Rats and Rats Given an Active Metabolite of Vitamin D (1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol)

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
R. Lorentzon ◽  
S.-E. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

1. Nine-months-old male rats were divided into a normal control group and one experimental group which received eight daily intraperitoneal injections of 15 pmol of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/100 g body weight. After 5 days, 20 μCi of 109CdCl2 or 20 μCi of 45CaCl2 was administered by stomach tube. The intestinal absorption and tissue retention of the radioisotopes were analysed during the next 3 days, the animals being kept in metabolic cages. 2. The administration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol caused significantly increased net absorption of intestinal calcium, hypercalcaemia and increased incorporation of calcium into bone. In comparison, there was no significant effect on the intestinal absorption of trace doses of cadmium or upon the accumulation of cadmium in the liver and kidneys.

Ultrastructural Changes in Euglena After Ultraviolet Irradiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-809
Author(s):  
A. MICHAELS ◽  
A. GIBOR
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
In Cells

The structural changes associated with the ultraviolet-induced bleaching of light-grown cells of Euglena gracilis were investigated. Our light- and electron-microscopic observations of the bleaching process indicate that there is a continuity of plastid structure in cells 5 generations after receiving a bleaching dose of ultraviolet light. There seems to be a continuous dilution of the plastid thylakoids and a decrease in plastid size in the bleaching cells. There also seems to be a change in the position of the plastids in relation to the mitochondria in the bleaching cells. The plastids and possibly the mitochondria are the only organelles which are affected by the ultraviolet irradiation. The continuity of plastids in bleaching cells of Euglena is discussed in relation to the proposed effect of the ultraviolet light.

Degenerative changes of the Medial arcuate hypothalamic nucleus neurons in the male hypogonadism model

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Yulia Nikolaevna Khodulaeva ◽  
Zakhar Petrovich Asaulenko ◽  
Alekber Azizovoch Baymarov ◽  
Irina Leorovna Nikitina ◽  
Andreiy Vsevolodovich Droblenkov
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Reactive Changes ◽  
Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus

The study of patterns of hormonal regulation of sexual development of adolescents including mechanisms of physiological and pathological changes in the rate of maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis remains the subject of active research interest. The study of reactive changes of the medial arcuate nucleus of cells in experimental hypogonadism and degree of correction of these changes after testosterone therapy is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms of endocrine interaction gonads and gonadoliberin centers during puberty. The aim of this article was to determine the quantitative, structural changes of neurons, glio-neuronal and interneuronal relationships in the medial arcuate nucleus in experimental hypogonadism and the degree of correction of these changes after testosterone therapy. In male Wistar rats induced hypogonadism (model created by the removal of one gonad on postnatal day 2-3), and histological sections were examined medial hypothalamic arcuate nucleus puberty animals (2 months) and the absence of treatment with testosterone after correction. The control group consisted of intact animals puberty. It was found that after the experimental inhibition of testosterone production in newborn male rats in the medial hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of rat puberty develop degenerative (degenerative, atrophic) and compensatory-adaptive changes. First expressed in the reduction of the share and the decrease in the normochromic neurons area, wrinkling, the growth of the share of shadowly neurons. The latter expressed signs of activation glio-neuronal and interneuronal relations. Many reactive changes in the cells exposed to compensatory adjustment in the period of puberty.

Influence of doxorubicin on lipid peroxidation and heart histology in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (31) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Джиоев ◽  
Inal Dzhioev ◽  
Джанаев ◽  
Robert Dzhanaev
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Anthracycline Antibiotic ◽  
Cross Striation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Experimental Group

Anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, which has proven cardiovascular toxicity, is often used in the treatment of cancer. The research project was carried out in 21 sexually mature Wistar male rats divided into three groups: control group, high-dose experimental group, in which rats were once injected intraperitoneally with doxorubicin hydrochloride at a dose of 10 mg/kg and low-dose experimental group, in which animals twice received intraperitoneal 2.5 mg/kg doses of doxorubicinhydrochloride at 10-day interval.An increase of malondialdehyde was revealed in the membranes of red blood cells in the high-dose experimental group, while in the low-dose experimental group a reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde and plasma hydroperoxides as well as a decreasing of catalase activity was observed. Intake of doxorubicin also causes venous hyperemia in wide areas of myocardiumalong with increasing of cardiomyocytic cross striation.

scholarly journals Lactose malabsorption and colonic fermentations alter host metabolism in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Alexandre ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Christiane Larue-Achagiotis ◽  
Jean-Marc Blouin ◽  
François Blachier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Lactose Malabsorption ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Host Metabolism ◽  
Experimental Group

Lactose malabsorption is associated with rapid production of high levels of osmotic compounds, such as organic acids and SCFA in the colon, suspected to contribute to the onset of lactose intolerance. Adult rats are lactase deficient and the present study was conducted to evaluatein vivothe metabolic consequences of acute lactose ingestion, including host–microbiota interactions. Rats received diets of 25 % sucrose (S25 control group) or 25 % lactose (L25 experimental group). SCFA and lactic acid were quantified in intestinal contents and portal blood. Expression of SCFA transporter genes was quantified in the colonic mucosa. Carbohydrate oxidation (Cox) and lipid oxidation (Lox) were computed by indirect calorimetry. Measurements were performed over a maximum of 13 h. Time, diet and time × diet variables had significant effects on SCFA concentration in the caecum (P< 0·001,P= 0·004 andP= 0·007, respectively) and the portal blood (P< 0·001,P= 0·04 andP< 0·001, respectively). Concomitantly, expression of sodium monocarboxylate significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of the L25 group (P= 0·003 att= 6 h andP< 0·05 att= 8 h). During 5 h after the meal, the L25 group's changes in metabolic parameters (Cox, Lox) were significantly lower than those of the S25 group (P= 0·02). However, after 5 h, L25 Cox became greater than S25 (P= 0·004). Thus, enhanced production and absorption of SCFA support the metabolic changes observed in calorimetry. These results underline the consequences of acute lactose malabsorption and measured compensations occurring in the host's metabolism, presumably through the microbiota fermentations and microbiota–host interactions.

Acute effects of ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS) on the structure of the cauda epididymidis in the rat: selective destruction of clear cells in the proximal cauda region

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Liu ◽  
PD Temple-Smith ◽  
GP Risbridger
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Selective Destruction ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cauda Epididymidis

Of eight groups of five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, three groups received an intraperitoneal dose of EDS (75 mg kg-1) in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide in water; 1:3) and three control groups received DMSO only. One EDS and one control group were killed 1, 2 and 3 days after treatment. One EDS+T group, given a 5-cm implant of T sufficient to maintain normal serum T concentrations, and one untreated control group were killed on Day 3. Epididymides were fixed by vascular perfusion and embedded in Epon/Araldite for light and electron microscopic studies. Epididymal duct diameters and epithelial heights were measured from 1-micron sections and structural changes were assessed from thin sections using a Jeol 100B electron microscope. Morphological studies showed a reduction in duct diameter and an associated increase in epithelial height in the proximal cauda epididymidis of the experimental groups. In the EDS+T implant group, epithelial heights were significantly greater than in controls but duct diameters remained unchanged. The most obvious structural change in the proximal cauda epididymidis was the selective destruction of clear cells in the epithelium. Initially, vacuoles were observed in the lateral intercellular spaces of the epithelium; large autophagic vacuoles then appeared in the clear cells, which had degenerated and disappeared from the epithelium by Day 3. Progressive infiltration of leucocytes into the intertubular interstitium, the epithelium and lumen of the proximal cauda was also observed. Loss of clear cells in the proximal cauda epididymidis was also seen in the EDS+T group, suggesting that clear-cell degeneration was not associated with reduced concentrations of circulating androgen. In all EDS-treated groups, however, clear cells and duct profiles in the distal cauda epididymidis remained unaffected. The reason for their protection from the effects of EDS has not yet been determined. These results suggest that, in addition to other specific lesions described in previous studies, EDS also has a direct effect on the rat epididymis that appears to be specifically targeted to the clear cells in the proximal caudal region.

Doxorubicin for prevention of epineurial fibrosis in a rat sciatic nerve model: outcome based on gross postsurgical, histopathological, and ultrastructural findings

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baki S. Albayrak ◽  
Ozgur Ismailoglu ◽  
Konuralp Ilbay ◽  
Umut Yaka ◽  
Gamze Tanriover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Sciatic Nerves

Object Epineural fibrosis may complicate peripheral nerve surgeries and currently is considered as one of the main factors responsible for failed surgeries. The authors investigated the postoperative antiscarring effects of topically applied doxorubicin (DXR) on rat sciatic nerves. Methods The sciatic nerves were dissected from the surrounding tissue and exposed bilaterally in 20 Wistar albino adult male rats. Abrasion trauma was produced on the exposed surface of the biceps femoris muscle in the vicinity of the sciatic nerves and their main branches in all animals. In the DXR Group, cottonoid pads soaked with DXR (0.5 mg/ml) were placed around the nerves for 5 minutes, whereas cotton pads soaked with saline (0.9% NaCl) were applied to nerves of animals in the Control Group for the same duration. Twelve weeks after the procedure, all of the rats were killed and the sciatic nerves were examined. Epineural adhesions were evaluated histopathologically and ultrastructurally. Additionally, quantitative histological parameters, the scar tissue formation index and the scar density, were calculated in histological evaluation. Results Gross postsurgical evaluation as well as histopathological and electron microscopic examination of involved nerve segments showed significantly less epineurial adhesions in the DXR Group than in the Control Group. Quantitative analysis of the epineurium revealed a statistically significant reduction in the density and amount of epineural scarring in specimens from the DXR Group than in those from the Control Group. Conlusions The results of gross postsurgical anatomical evaluation and histopathological and ultrastructural studies suggested that topical application of DXR effectively reduced epineural scar formation on rat sciatic nerves. These promising findings merit further experimental and clinical studies to determine the efficacy and safe applicability of DXR in human subjects.

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