Aggregate Imaging System for Characterizing the Shape of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

2003 ◽  
Vol 1832 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fletcher ◽  
Chandan Chandan ◽  
Eyad Masad ◽  
Krishna Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aggregate Shape ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tracking Devices

A unified computer-automated system was designed and developed for characterizing the shape of fine and coarse aggregates. The unique features of the system and the experimental design considerations are described. These considerations are related to the required image resolution, field of view, and lighting scheme. The unique features of the system include the ability to analyze fine and coarse aggregates and to quantify texture, angularity, and the three dimensions of form. The developed system is used to measure aggregate shape properties for a wide range of fine and coarse aggregates, and the results are compared with hot-mix asphalt laboratory performance. The analysis shows that the developed procedure yields detailed information on shape properties of aggregates in a short time. The measurements have very good correlation with the resistance of asphalt mixes to permanent deformation measured in the laboratory using different wheel-tracking devices.

New Methodology for Shape Classification of Aggregates

2005 ◽  
Vol 1913 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taleb Al-Rousan ◽  
Eyad Masad ◽  
Leslie Myers ◽  
Cliff Speigelman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Shape Distribution ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aggregate Shape ◽  
Shape Characteristics

Aggregate shape characteristics play a major role in determining the structural and functional properties of asphalt mixes. A comprehensive, statistically based methodology for the analysis and classification of the shape characteristics of both fine and coarse aggregates is presented. These characteristics are form (three dimensions of coarse aggregates), angularity, and surface texture. The methodology was developed by measuring the distribution of the shape characteristics of aggregates from a wide range of sources and varying sizes. The limits for the classification groups were determined with the use of a cluster analysis. The new methodology offers several advantages over current methods used in practice. It is based on the distribution of shape characteristics in an aggregate sample rather than on average indices of these characteristics. The coarse aggregate form is determined with the use of a three-dimensional analysis of particles, which allows particles to be distinguished between flat, elongated, or flat and elongated particles. The fundamental gradient and wavelet methods were used to quantify angularity and surface texture, respectively. The classification methodology can be used to evaluate the effects of different processes, such as crushing techniques and blending, on aggregate shape distribution. It also lends itself to the development of aggregate specifications on the basis of the distribution of shape characteristics.

scholarly journals Simultaneous measurements of three-dimensional trajectories and wingbeat frequencies of birds in the field

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (147) ◽  
pp. 20180653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangjian Ling ◽  
Guillam E. Mclvor ◽  
Geoff Nagy ◽  
Sepehr MohaimenianPour ◽  
Richard T. Vaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stereo Matching ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Stereo Imaging ◽  
Wingbeat Frequency ◽  
Wide Range

Tracking the movements of birds in three dimensions is integral to a wide range of problems in animal ecology, behaviour and cognition. Multi-camera stereo-imaging has been used to track the three-dimensional (3D) motion of birds in dense flocks, but precise localization of birds remains a challenge due to imaging resolution in the depth direction and optical occlusion. This paper introduces a portable stereo-imaging system with improved accuracy and a simple stereo-matching algorithm that can resolve optical occlusion. This system allows us to decouple body and wing motion, and thus measure not only velocities and accelerations but also wingbeat frequencies along the 3D trajectories of birds. We demonstrate these new methods by analysing six flocking events consisting of 50 to 360 jackdaws ( Corvus monedula ) and rooks ( Corvus frugilegus ) as well as 32 jackdaws and 6 rooks flying in isolated pairs or alone. Our method allows us to (i) measure flight speed and wingbeat frequency in different flying modes; (ii) characterize the U-shaped flight performance curve of birds in the wild, showing that wingbeat frequency reaches its minimum at moderate flight speeds; (iii) examine group effects on individual flight performance, showing that birds have a higher wingbeat frequency when flying in a group than when flying alone and when flying in dense regions than when flying in sparse regions; and (iv) provide a potential avenue for automated discrimination of bird species. We argue that the experimental method developed in this paper opens new opportunities for understanding flight kinematics and collective behaviour in natural environments.

Fully Automated Directional Drilling is Now a Reality - An Example from the Norwegian Continental Shelf

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Heredia ◽  
Julien Marck ◽  
Sara Heller ◽  
Filipe Ferreira ◽  
Anders Lindal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Position ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
The North ◽  
Drilling Technology ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Correct Location ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Automated drilling has been discussed for a long time, with much of the discussion being around future ambitions – what could be or might be possible. Given the complexity of a modern drilling operation, the idea of automating all or part of it is daunting. Despite the apparent obstacles, there has recently been significant progress toward this goal, centred on the core process of drilling new boreholes. This paper presents an automated directional-drilling process executed on a commercial well in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea in 2019, where a next-generation intelligent rotary-steerable system completed a well section in a single run with all drilling commands automatically computed, optimized, and downlinked by a drilling automation platform. The section was complex, comprising two intervals requiring steering in three dimensions, separated by a tangent section. Directional-drilling engineers onshore, who had the authority to override the system if necessary, supervised the operation remotely. No such override was required, and the automated system was able to drill the entire section while automatically sending steering decisions. The 12¼-in. landing interval required precise positional control to enter the reservoir in the correct location and with the correct attitude. At the end of the section, with over 1500 m drilled, the final well position was 0.28 m above the target position and 3.89 m to the left, with minimal tortuosity, making it easy to land the subsequent casing string. The final build section, from 33 to 71.6° of inclination, was drilled between 100 and 150 m/hr, with a planned dogleg severity of 3°/30 m. To drill such a complex trajectory automatically would have been unthinkable only a short time ago and marks a major milestone in the development of automated drilling technology.

Low-Cost Hardware Implementation of Human Blood Identification Device Using Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network on FPGA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizki Eka Putri ◽  
Denny Darlis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
System Input ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Short Time

This article was under review for ICELTICS 2018 -- In the medical world there is still service dissatisfaction caused by lack of blood type testing facility. If the number of tested blood arise, a lot of problems will occur so that electronic devices are needed to determine the blood type accurately and in short time. In this research we implemented an Artificial Neural Network on Xilinx Spartan 3S1000 Field Programable Gate Array using XSA-3S Board to identify the blood type. This research uses blood sample image as system input. VHSIC Hardware Discription Language is the language to describe the algorithm. The algorithm used is feed-forward propagation of backpropagation neural network. There are 3 layers used in design, they are input, hidden1, and output. At hidden1layer has two neurons. In this study the accuracy of detection obtained are 92%, 92%, 92%, 90% and 86% for 32x32, 48x48, 64x64, 80x80, and 96x96 pixel blood image resolution, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of local isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cenk Yucel
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract Background The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a widely distributed plant-feeding pest that causes significant yield losses in a wide range of crops. Newly developed or improved environmentally friendly biocontrol agents serve as an alternative to traditional pest control tools. Experiment of the effects of 2 local fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana (BGF14 and BCA32) was carried out against T. urticae under laboratory conditions. Results Both tested isolates had lethal effect in a short time after application, and this effect increased as time progressed. BGF14 and BCA32 isolates caused T. urticae mortality rates ranging from 25.88 to 61.92 and 32.36 to 62.03% when applied at the concentrations between 1×105 and 1×108 conidia/ml, respectively. According to the Probit analysis performed on the effect of fungi on T. urticae adults, the LC50 values of BGF14 and BCA32 isolates on the 7th day after inoculation were 2.6×106 and 6.3×104 conidia/ml, respectively, and the LT50 values for both fungi applied at a concentration of 108 conidia/ml were 2.14 and 2.23 days, respectively. Conclusions The 2 isolates of B. bassiana (BGF14 and BCA32) had the potentials to suppress T. urticae population and can be recommended as promising biocontrol agent candidates for control of T. urticae.

Turbulent three-dimensional dielectric electrohydrodynamic convection between two plates

2012 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 228-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kourmatzis ◽  
J. S. Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Scalar Flux ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scalar Variance

AbstractThe fundamental mechanisms responsible for the creation of electrohydrodynamically driven roll structures in free electroconvection between two plates are analysed with reference to traditional Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). Previously available knowledge limited to two dimensions is extended to three-dimensions, and a wide range of electric Reynolds numbers is analysed, extending into a fully inherently three-dimensional turbulent regime. Results reveal that structures appearing in three-dimensional electrohydrodynamics (EHD) are similar to those observed for RBC, and while two-dimensional EHD results bear some similarities with the three-dimensional results there are distinct differences. Analysis of two-point correlations and integral length scales show that full three-dimensional electroconvection is more chaotic than in two dimensions and this is also noted by qualitatively observing the roll structures that arise for both low (${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 1$) and high electric Reynolds numbers (up to ${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 120$). Furthermore, calculations of mean profiles and second-order moments along with energy budgets and spectra have examined the validity of neglecting the fluctuating electric field ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ in the Reynolds-averaged EHD equations and provide insight into the generation and transport mechanisms of turbulent EHD. Spectral and spatial data clearly indicate how fluctuating energy is transferred from electrical to hydrodynamic forms, on moving through the domain away from the charging electrode. It is shown that ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ is not negligible close to the walls and terms acting as sources and sinks in the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent scalar flux and turbulent scalar variance equations are examined. Profiles of hydrodynamic terms in the budgets resemble those in the literature for RBC; however there are terms specific to EHD that are significant, indicating that the transfer of energy in EHD is also attributed to further electrodynamic terms and a strong coupling exists between the charge flux and variance, due to the ionic drift term.

scholarly journals 4K 3-dimensional video microscope system (orbeye) for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Rotermund ◽  
Jan Regelsberger ◽  
Katharina Osterhage ◽  
Jens Aberle ◽  
Jörg Flitsch
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Video Microscope ◽  
Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery

Abstract Background In previous reports on experiences with an exoscope, this new technology was not found to be applicable for transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. As a specialized center for pituitary surgery, we were using a 4K 3D video microscope (Orbeye, Olympus) to evaluate the system for its use in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in comparison to conventional microscopy. Method We report on 296 cases performed with the Orbeye at a single institution. An observational study was conducted with standardized subjective evaluation by the surgeons after each procedure. An objective measurement was added to compare the exoscopic and microscopic methods, involving surgery time and the initial postoperative remission rate in matched cohorts. Results The patients presented with a wide range of pathologies. No serious events or minor complications occurred based on the usage of the 4K 3D exoscope. There was no need for switching back to the microscope in any of the cases. Compared to our microsurgically operated collective, there was no significant difference regarding duration of surgery, complications, or extent of resection. The surgeons rated the Orbeye beneficial in regard to instrument size, positioning, surgeon’s ergonomics, learning curve, image resolution, and high magnification. Conclusions The Orbeye exoscope presents with optical and digital zoom options as well as a 4K image resolution and 3D visualization resulting in better depth perception and flexibility in comparison to the microscope. Split screen mode offers the complementary benefit of the endoscope which may increase the possibilities of lateral view but has to be evaluated in comparison to endoscopic transsphenoidal procedures in the next step.

scholarly journals Breeding Strategies to Improve Miscanthus as a Sustainable Source of Biomass for Bioenergy and Biorenewable Products

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Clifton-Brown ◽  
Kai-Uwe Schwarz ◽  
Danny Awty-Carroll ◽  
Antonella Iurato ◽  
Heike Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Commercial Expansion

Miscanthus, a C4 perennial grass native to Eastern Asia, is being bred to provide biomass for bioenergy and biorenewable products. Commercial expansion with the clonal hybrid M. × giganteus is limited by low multiplication rates, high establishment costs and drought sensitivity. These limitations can be overcome by breeding more resilient Miscanthus hybrids propagated by seed. Naturally occurring fast growing indigenous Miscanthus species are found in diverse environments across Eastern Asia. The natural diversity provides for plant breeders, the genetic resources to improve yield, quality, and resilience for a wide range of climates and adverse abiotic stresses. The challenge for Miscanthus breeding is to harness the diversity through selections of outstanding wild types, parents, and progenies over a short time frame to deploy hybrids that make a significant contribution to a world less dependent on fossil resources. Here are described the strategies taken by the Miscanthus breeding programme at Aberystwyth, UK and its partners. The programme built up one of the largest Miscanthus germplasm collections outside Asia. We describe the initial strategies to exploit the available genetic diversity to develop varieties. We illustrate the success of combining diverse Miscanthus germplasm and the selection criteria applied across different environments to identify promising hybrids and to develop these into commercial varieties. We discuss the potential for molecular selections to streamline the breeding process.

A Novel Versatile Process for the Production of Polymer Foams

1998 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Shastri ◽  
I. Martin ◽  
R. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Polymer Foams ◽  
Polymer Foam ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Time

AbstractPorous polymeric media are used in several applications such as solid supports for separations and catalysis, as well as biomedical applications such as vascular grafts and wound dressings. We have developed a novel versatile process to produce polymeric cellular solids. This process which is based on a phase extraction-co-polymer precipitation is applicable to a wide range of polymer systems including water soluble polymers. It is capable of yielding polymer foams of high porosity (> 90%) and excellent mechanical characteristics in a very short time (less than 2 hours) without limitations in foam thickness. Polymer foam with such characteristics have great utility in tissue engineering applications. We have successfully explored polymer foams of biocompatible polymers produced by the presented approach for bone and cartilage engineering using bone marrow stromal cells.

ULTRASONIC IMAGING SYSTEM USING A 2D ENVELOPE BEAMFORMING TECHNIQUE: IN-HOMOGENEITIES LOCATION

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 571-585
Author(s):  
L. MEDINA ◽  
E. MORENO
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Focusing ◽  
Longitudinal Resolution ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique ◽  
Beamforming Technique

An algorithm has been developed to implement synthetic aperture focusing technique for B-scan. This is made at a several transmitter/receiver locations to form a map of ultrasonic reflectivity on the insonified region, considering the path travelled by the ultrasonic pulse from the transducer to the target and back again. To reconstruct the image, a time domain beam-former is applied to the envelope of the detected signals. This method minimizes the side-lobe amplitude and the restriction of λ/2 distance between two adjacent transducer positions can be neglected without loosing image resolution. The present work is focused on the location of the in-homogeneities, caused by the presence of a phantom immersed in a water tank. The results are presented when the distance between two adjacent transducer positions are varied from 0.5λ to 2.5λ showing that the longitudinal resolution is not affected but the lateral resolution becomes poorer when the distance is about 2λ. The error in the longitudinal location of in-homogeneities is within the minimum detectable distance of the system, while the lateral location error is increased when the distance between any two adjacent transducer positions is larger than 1.5λ.

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