Classification of Bicycle Traffic Patterns in Five North American Cities

2013 ◽  
Vol 2339 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Miranda-Moreno ◽  
Thomas Nosal ◽  
Robert J. Schneider ◽  
Frank Proulx
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
North American ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Volume Characteristics ◽  
American Cities

This study used a unique database of long-term bicycle counts from 38 locations in five North American cities and along the Route Verte in Quebec, Canada, to analyze bicycle ridership patterns. The cities in the study were Montreal, Quebec; Ottawa, Ontario; and Vancouver, British Columbia, in Canada and Portland, Oregon, and San Francisco, California, in the United States. Count data showed that the bicycle volume patterns at each location could be classified as utilitarian, mixed utilitarian, mixed recreational, and recreational. Study locations classified by these categories were found to have consistent hourly and weekly traffic patterns across cities, despite considerable differences between the cities in their weather, size, and urban form. Seasonal patterns across the four categories and in the cities also were identified. Expansion factors for each classification are presented by hour and day of the week. Monthly expansion factors are presented for each city. Finally, traffic volume characteristics are presented for comparison purposes.

scholarly journals Long-term trends and drought: spatiotemporal variation in juvenile sex ratios of North American ducks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sage Ellis ◽  
Madeleine Lohman ◽  
James Sedinger ◽  
Perry Williams ◽  
Thomas Riecke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Avian Communities ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Long Term Trends

Sex ratios affect population dynamics and individual fitness, and changing sex ratios can be indicative of shifts in sex-specific survival at different life stages. While climate- and landscape-change alter sex ratios of wild bird populations, long-term, landscape scale assessments of sex ratios are rare. Further, little work has been done to understand changes in sex ratios in avian communities. In this manuscript, we analyse long-term (1961-2015) data on five species of ducks across five broad climatic regions of the United States to estimate the effects of drought and long-term trends on the proportion of juvenile females captured at banding. As waterfowl have a 1:1 sex ratio at hatch, we interpret changes in sex ratios of captured juveniles as changes in sex-specific survival rates during early life. Seven of twelve species-region pairs exhibited evidence for long-term trends in the proportion of juvenile females at banding. The proportion of juvenile females at banding increased for duck populations in the western United States and typically declined for duck populations in the eastern United States. We only observed evidence for an effect of drought in two of the twelve species-region pairs, where the proportion of females declined during drought. As changes to North American landscapes and climate continue and intensify, we expect continued changes in sex-specific juvenile survival rates. More broadly, we encourage further research examining the mechanisms underlying long-term trends in juvenile sex ratios in avian communities.

Assessing the Correlation of Culture With Business Ethics of Company Managers in the United States and Mexico

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-99
Author(s):  
Mark A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Ethical Attitudes ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Management Scholar ◽  
Significant Difference

Observable harm has been inflicted upon business by unethical decisions and misconduct. Much of this phenomenon can be traced to impoverished ethical attitudes. Among the various reasons for this problem is that of a manager's culture, which has a distinct influence on attitudes and behaviors. The purpose of this chapter was to determine, through empirical data, whether differences rooted in culture significantly contribute to differences in ethical attitudes. Management scholar Geert Hofstede's classification of cultural elements for understanding and explaining aspects of national culture was correlated with the ethical attitudes of business managers in the two national cultures of the United States and Mexico. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between national culture and ethical attitudes and the dultural dimensions of uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and long-term orientation. A significant difference in ethical attitudes between managers from the United States and Mexico was also found.

scholarly journals Engaging Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Smoking Cessation Through Large-Scale Community Service Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Dorie E. Apollonio
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Health Related

Cigarette smoking contributes substantially to the increased financial- and health-related burdens among adults experiencing homelessness. We describe findings from a case study of a model to increase access to cessation services among adults experiencing homelessness. In partnership with Project Homeless Connect (PHC), we piloted a unique service delivery model that involved providing brief cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy to smokers from this population attending large-scale service events in San Francisco, with the goal of connecting them to long-term smoking cessation care. We participated in three service events between October 2017 and March 2018. We offered brief smoking cessation counseling to 45 individuals, and smoking cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy to 7 individuals experiencing homelessness. This model could improve public health if expanded to other cities, particularly the 200 other cities in the United States offering PHC service events.

Asian Cities are Greening While Some North American Cities are Browning: Long-Term Greenspace Patterns in 16 Cities of the Pan-Pacific Region

Ecosystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Jin ◽  
Sarah E. Gergel ◽  
Yuhao Lu ◽  
Nicholas C. Coops ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
American Cities

scholarly journals Rapid Assessment and Long-Term Monitoring of Green Stormwater Infrastructure with Citizen Scientists

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12520
Author(s):  
Thomas Meixner ◽  
Alan R. Berkowitz ◽  
Alisen E. Downey ◽  
Jose Pillich ◽  
Reese LeVea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Green Stormwater Infrastructure ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
American Cities

Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) has emerged as a promising decentralized management approach to urban stormwater challenges. A lack of data about GSI performance interferes with widespread adoption of GSI. A citizen science program that benefits researchers, lay scientists, and municipalities offers a way to provide these lacking data. We have developed an open-source, transferable green infrastructure rapid assessment (GIRA) protocol for studying the performance of GSI with citizen scientists. This protocol has been tested in six North American cities (New York City, Toronto, Vancouver, Chicago, San Francisco, and Buffalo). In this research we define the performance of GSI in varying geographic, climatic, and maintenance conditions with the intent to create technological, institutional, and management solutions to urban stormwater problems. The GIRA protocol was used by citizen scientists to assess the physical properties and capabilities of bioswales, while small, affordable Green Infrastructure Sensors Boxes (GIBoxes) were used to determine longer-term function across several rain events. Our results indicate that teams of citizen scientists can be effective for collecting and archiving widespread information on the post-installation function of GSI. The effort also showed that citizen scientists had changes in understanding of urban stormwater challenges and the role that GSI can play in solving these problems. We explore the multiple benefits to knowledge, participants, and municipal partners as a result of this research.

scholarly journals Coldspot of Decelerated Sea-Level Rise on the Pacific Coast of North America

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Sea Levels

Abstract We show here the presence of significant “coldspot” of sea level rise along the West Coast of the United States and Canada (including Alaska). The 30-years sea level for the area are mostly falling also at subsiding locations as San Francisco and Seattle where subsidence is responsible for a long term positive rate of rise. The 20 long term tide gauges of the area of length exceeding the 60-years length have a naïve average rate of rise −0.729 mm/year in the update 30-Apr-2015, down from −0.624 mm/year in the update 14-Feb-2014. Therefore, along the West Coast of the United States and Canada the sea levels are on average falling, and becoming more and more negative.

scholarly journals Salting our freshwater lakes

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (17) ◽  
pp. 4453-4458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary A. Dugan ◽  
Sarah L. Bartlett ◽  
Samantha M. Burke ◽  
Jonathan P. Doubek ◽  
Flora E. Krivak-Tetley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
North American ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Threshold Criterion

The highest densities of lakes on Earth are in north temperate ecosystems, where increasing urbanization and associated chloride runoff can salinize freshwaters and threaten lake water quality and the many ecosystem services lakes provide. However, the extent to which lake salinity may be changing at broad spatial scales remains unknown, leading us to first identify spatial patterns and then investigate the drivers of these patterns. Significant decadal trends in lake salinization were identified using a dataset of long-term chloride concentrations from 371 North American lakes. Landscape and climate metrics calculated for each site demonstrated that impervious land cover was a strong predictor of chloride trends in Northeast and Midwest North American lakes. As little as 1% impervious land cover surrounding a lake increased the likelihood of long-term salinization. Considering that 27% of large lakes in the United States have >1% impervious land cover around their perimeters, the potential for steady and long-term salinization of these aquatic systems is high. This study predicts that many lakes will exceed the aquatic life threshold criterion for chronic chloride exposure (230 mg L−1), stipulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in the next 50 y if current trends continue.

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