scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS’ IN DEFINING STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Andreea Ciolomic ◽  
◽  
Ioana Natalia Beleiu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Management Accountants ◽  
Unique Definition ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
National Economies

owned enterprises (SOEs) have an essential role in national economies worldwide, but regardless of their acknowledged contribution to the global markets, divergent opinions and approaches can be observed when defining and characterizing these entities. On the other hand, international organizations such as OECD, International Monetary Fund, European Commission, United Nations, World Trade Organizations, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and professional organizations such as IPSASB and Chartered Institute of Management Accountants have an essential role in SOEs' activity. One of the biggest challenges that professional bodies have nowadays is to find a unique definition to match the need of practitioners and capture the complexity of SOEs. Even if there can be identified some common approaches between academicians, international, and professional organizations, there are some delicate areas that require substantial efforts for clarifications. The paper addresses this topic, aiming to clarify the main aspects concerning the definition of SOEs from international and professional organizations' points of view based on qualitative research methods.

Legal change for child health: Report on a conference

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
Henry M. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Frank Lloyd Wright ◽  
Conference Participant ◽  
Health Report ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

"Physically and politically powerless, children have always gotten the short end of the stick. In earlier times, the surplus, especially females, were legally and deliberately killed; in the Middle Ages and until recently children were chattels; in Dickensian England they starved in workhouses or were exploited as beggars a la Oliver Twist...." Louise Raggio, Conference Participant The building Frank Lloyd Wright called Wingspread served as the setting for a discussion concerning the relationship of the health of the young to their legal needs and the role of the pediatrician in these regards. Men and women from medicine, the law, and social work shared their points of view, seeking a firm definition of advocacy for children, attempting to highlight some manageable priorities among the legal needs so that pediatricians might move to a partnership with others in the community which might facilitate access to a better life for all children and youth.

scholarly journals The essential role of law in achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i32-i35
Author(s):  
Dineke Zeegers Paget ◽  
David Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

Abstract In this article, we examine the essential role of law in achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Following the World Health Organization’s broad definition of health, all SDGs can be seen to impact on human health and hence the health goal (SDG3) should be right at the centre of the entire 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We note recent research on the contribution of law, including international human rights law, to achieving health for all and discuss the role of law in addressing seven emerging health challenges. Law can and should play an important role in achieving all health-related SDGs, by respecting, protecting and fulfilling the right to health, ensuring that no one is left behind.

ARISTOPHANES VS TYPHON: CO(S)MIC RIVALRY, VOICE AND TEMPORALITY INKNIGHTS

Ramus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Telò
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
Dramatic Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Somatic Experiences

Recent studies have analysed the essential role of interpoetic rivalry in Aristophanes' comic imagination. Zachary Biles has shown that ‘festival agonistics provide an underlying logic for the overall thematic design of individual plays’ and that ‘the plays can be treated as creative responses to the competitions.’ Aristophanes' dramatisation of comic competition has been viewed as a reflection of the struggles of political factions in late-fifth-century Athens or as an expression of a ‘rhetoric of self-promotion’ that builds the comic plot through the mutual borrowing of comic material (jokes, running gags). This paper suggests thatKnightspresents interpoetic rivalry as a conflict of embodied aesthetic modes. In this play, Aristophanes' tendentious definition of his comic self against his predecessor Cratinus results in opposed ways of conceptualising the sonic quality of dramatic performance and its material effects on the audience. The nexus of voice and temporality, which, as I argue, shapes the play's agonistic plot, equates the intergenerational duelling of Aristophanes' and Cratinus' political counterparts (the Sausage Seller and the older Paphlagon, respectively) to a contrast of somatic experiences grounded in sound.

scholarly journals The Effect of Teaching Idioms from Numbers in English on Iraqi Non Specialists Students’ Comprehension

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Assist. Lect. Yasien M. Taher
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
General Description ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

      This research consists of two parts: the theoretical part and the practical part. The first part provides a general description of idioms and idiomatic expressions. The definition of the idiom depending on different points of view and theories, its composition and types according to different standards and criteria, and the relation between the idiom and other linguistic phenomena were given in detail. To give a simplified and complete image about idioms and to pave the way to the second part of the research, which focuses specifically on one type of idioms "idioms from numbers", all aspects regarding the idiom should be clarified in detail. The reason for choosing this kind of idioms is the absence of studies that tackle it well, particularly in Iraq ,and this type represents the core of the second part of present research .This part refers to the importance and role of idioms from numbers in comprehension English at various levels such as syntactic, semantic  , vocabulary and context. To achieve the purpose of this research, two tests (pre -test and post- test) have been constructed and presented to a group of specialists to verify their validity and reliability. Then, the two tests were applied to a sample consisting of 40 undergraduate students and a lecture dealing with the subject of research has been delivered to the sample. The results of the two tests have been analyzed  statistically and compared with each other in order to show the progress of achievement  of the sample at various levels of the language which were mentioned above . In the light of the results of the study, several conclusions were inferred, one of them, the important and effective role played by idioms from the numbers in teaching English as a foreign language for Iraqi students.

Foreign Affairs Federalism in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
pp. 295-313
Author(s):  
Roland Portmann
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Participation Rights ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Developments

This chapter describes the role of federalism in Swiss foreign affairs. This role is threefold. First, the Cantons have a role through their general powers in policymaking in the Swiss constitutional system. Second, the Swiss Constitution expressly preserves a residual treaty-making capacity and autonomous foreign policy competence for the Cantons. Third, the Cantons have specific participation rights in the definition of Swiss foreign policy. In all these different roles, the principle of federalism in Swiss foreign affairs is closely connected to other main constitutional principles, especially to aspects of direct democracy and the popular referenda that are a major characteristic of the Swiss polity. Though idiosyncratic as a product of particular historical developments, it is worthwhile to compare Swiss federalism in foreign affairs to other federal systems. From such a comparative perspective, the chapter draws three interrelated conclusions. The first conclusion is that the inclusion of federalist principles into foreign affairs depends on foreign affairs being a formalized process on the international level through the conclusion of international agreements and work inside formal international organizations. The second conclusion is that the idiosyncratic Swiss aspect of specific participation rights of Cantons in foreign affairs may be one possible model in order to counterbalance developments such as increasing informal international decision- and lawmaking processes. The third conclusion is that there has to be a balance between the rights of the component parts in foreign affairs decisions by the federal government and their obligations to implement international obligations that result from these decisions.

The Effect of Teaching Idioms from Numbers in English on Iraqi Non Specialists Students’ Comprehension

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Asst. Lect Yasien M. Taher
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
General Description ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

This research consists of two parts: the theoretical part and the practical part. The first part provides a general description of idioms and idiomatic expressions. The definition of the idiom depending on different points of view and theories, its composition and types according to different standards and criteria, and the relation between the idiom and other linguistic phenomena were given in detail. To give a simplified and complete image about idioms and to pave the way to the second part of the research, which focuses specifically on one type of idioms "idioms from numbers", all aspects regarding the idiom should be clarified in detail. The reason for choosing this kind of idioms is the absence of studies that tackle it well, particularly in Iraq ,and this type represents the core of the second part of present research .This part refers to the importance and role of idioms from numbers in comprehension English at various levels such as syntactic, semantic  , vocabulary and context. To achieve the purpose of this research, two tests (pre -test and post- test) have been constructed and presented to a group of specialists to verify their validity and reliability. Then, the two tests were applied to a sample consisting of 40 undergraduate students and a lecture dealing with the subject of research has been delivered to the sample. The results of the two tests have been analyzed  statistically and compared with each other in order to show the progress of achievement  of the sample at various levels of the language which were mentioned above . In the light of the results of the study, several conclusions were inferred, one of them, the important and effective role played by idioms from the numbers in teaching English as a foreign language for Iraqi students

EFL Students

2011 ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Chen ◽  
Teresa Nai-Kuang Ku
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter reports on a survey study that investigates English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) students’ experiences with online plagiarism and the factors associated with these practices among the students. With reference to the important factors concerning plagiarism identified in previous studies, the survey focused on students’ awareness of the definition of plagiarism, their perceptions of text borrowing, possible causes of their plagiarism, the role of print versus electronic media in plagiarism, and teachers’ policies and enforcement of the policies. Based on the findings from the survey, the chapter presents the students’ perspectives and provides suggestions on ways to prevent students from online plagiarism. It is hoped that the chapter will contribute to a series of dialogues regarding text borrowing by presenting students’ experiences and points of view.

Delegation to International Organizations: Agency Theory and World Bank Environmental Reform

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Nielson ◽  
Michael J. Tierney
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Agency Theory ◽  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Member States ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
And Behavior

Current international relations theory struggles to explain both the autonomy and transformation of international organizations (IOs). Previous theories either fail to account for any IO behavior that deviates from the interests of member states, or neglect the role of member states in reforming IO institutions and behavior. We propose an agency theory of IOs that can fill these gaps while also addressing two persistent problems in the study of IOs: common agency and long delegation chains. Our model explains slippage between member states' interests and IO behavior, but also suggests institutional mechanisms—staff selection, monitoring, procedural checks, and contracts—through which states can rein in errant IOs. We evaluate this argument by examining multiple institutional reforms and lending patterns at the World Bank from 1980 to 2000.

scholarly journals Les Allemagnes et la division Est-Ouest : Une ambivalence politique

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-559
Author(s):  
Paul Létourneau
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

This article is about the role of international bureaucracies in the determination of the general policies of international organizations. In this paper it is argued that in general international organizations' Secretariats generally do wield, considerable power over the definition of the institutions' strategies, i.e. those activities, priorities and projects which taken together make up the program of the institution for a given period. Indeed, the international bureaucrats exercise tremendous control over the content of the program. This is so because international organizations have special functions in the world System. They must see to it that, certain states of affairs prevail in the world over the long run. It is, therefore, no surprise that the programs' content be more or less shielded from conjonctural fluctuations. The article then proceeds to test these hypotheses on a concrete case: the analysis of the processus through which Unesco's program goes before becoming the official policy of the organization.

The role of collocations in the formation of the lexical speech skills

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Inga Aksenova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Lexical Skills ◽  
Lexical Approach ◽  
Definition Of

The main goal of teaching foreign language is the formation of foreign language communicative competence which implies the development of speech skills. In the methods there are different approaches to teaching foreign language, one of which is the lexical approach. Undoubtedly, the lexical approach involves focus on learning the vocabulary of the language. However, there are different points of view on which methods and forms of work are the most effective ones. Mastering vocabulary occurs by studying the compatibility of words, phrases and combinations of words. Collocations are an isolated concept, meaning certain words in a language that tend to be used together. Working with collocations is an essential component of the lexical skills formation, accordingly, we should speak about the inclusion of collocational competence in communicative competence. Analysis of the methodic literature showed that the issue of the collocations’ role in the lexical speech skills formation is not very disclosed in the domestic and foreign methodic literature. In the presented article: 1) we conduct an analysis of the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the lexical approach in teaching foreign language; 2) we prove that the process of learning vocabulary goes by learning certain combinations of words and the ability to use them; 3) we derive the definition of collocations based on the definitions and classifications of scientists; 4) we determine the key place of collocations in the vocabulary learning.

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