scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS NATIVAS EM SOLOS DEGRADADOS E COM PRESENÇA DE PLINTITA NO BIOMA CERRADO, BRASÍLIA – DF

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Edberto Moura Lima ◽  
Gustavo Ribas Curcio ◽  
Annete Bonnet ◽  
Alexandre Uhlmann ◽  
Viviane Helena Palma
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Degraded Soil ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Native Tree Species

A intensificação do processo de antropização somado às características dos solos do Cerrado, em grande parte oligotróficos e intemperizados, dificulta a regeneração natural das espécies florestais, sendo necessária a intervenção humana para recompor a paisagem natural. O presente estudo teve como objetivoindicar espécies para iniciar o processo de recuperação de áreas degradadas do Cerrado com presença de plintita e processo de erosão estabelecido. Desta forma, analisamos as taxas de incremento em diâmetro e altura; e a taxa de sobrevivência e mortalidade de 963 indivíduos plantados próximo a área ciliar, em diferentes espaçamentos e com distinta composição de espécies. Os valores de incremento e sobrevivência variaram bastante de espécie para espécie. Das 17 espécies arbóreas plantadas oito apresentaram taxas de sobrevivência igual ou superior a 80%. As taxas de incremento em altura e diâmetro foram classificadas em três grupos: baixo, médio e alto incremento. Quanto à altura, cerca de 50% das espécies testadas apresentaram de alto a médio incremento. Oito espécies tiveram valores de incrementos considerados baixos e duas espécies não foram mensuradas devido à elevada mortalidade. Para a distribuição dos incrementos diamétricos, com exceção de I. laurina todas as espécies apresentaram baixo valor. Em geral, os baixos valores de incrementos observados neste experimento são explicados, em grande parte, pelos fatores abióticos, principalmente pelas características edáficas da área. A ausência de horizonte A e o caráter petroplíntico reduzem o volume total de solo disponível a ser explorado pelas raízes, comprometendo o crescimento das plantas. Contudo, mesmo em condições ambientais desfavoráveis as espécies estudadas demostraram rusticidade. Entre as espécies arbóreas estudadas, T. roseoalba, M. urundeuva, A. aculeata, A. niopoides, G. ulmifolia, E. nitens, G. americana e I. laurina apresentaram taxa de sobrevivência de alta a média e com elevados incrementos. Essas características indicam que as espécies citadas são aptas a iniciar o processo de recuperação.Palavras-chave: Regeneração, fragilidade, sobrevivência, Cerrado. INITIAL GROWTH OF NATIVE TREE SPECIES IN A DEGRADED SOIL WITH PRESENCE OF PLINTHITE IN BIOME CERRADO, BRASÍLIA-DF ABSTRACT:The intensification of the anthropization process, associate with the characteristics of the Cerrado soils, which are largely oligotrophic and weathered, are an impediment to natural regeneration of forest species, requiring human intervention to restore the natural landscape.  The present study had as objectives to indicate species to initiate the process of recovery of degraded areas of the Cerrado with presence of plintite and established erosion process. In this way, we analyze the rates of increase in diameter and height; and the survival and mortality rate of 963 individuals planted near the ciliary area, at different spacings and with different species composition model. Increment and survival values varied greatly from species to species. Of the 17 trees species planted eight presented survival rates equal to or greater than 80%. The rates of increase in height and diameter were classified into three groups: low, medium and high increment. Regarding the height, about 50% of the species tested showed high to medium increment. Eight species had values of increments considered low and two species were not measured due to the high mortality. For the distribution of the diametric increments, except for I. laurina all species showed low increment value. In general, the low values of increments observed in this experiment are explained, greatly, by the abiotic factors, mainly the edaphic characteristics of the area. The absence of horizon A and the petroplinthic character reduces the total volume of soil available to be explored by the roots, put at risk the plants growth rates. However, even under unfavorable environmental conditions, the studied species showed a rusticity. Among the arboreal species studied, T. urumeuva, A. aculeata, A. niopoides, G. ulmifolia, E. nitens, G. americana and I. laurina presented a high to medium survival rate with high increases. These characteristics indicate that the species mentioned are apt to initiate the recovery process.Keywords: Regeneration, fragility, plant species survival, Cerrado.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL AND NATURAL REGENERATION OF FOREST ESSENCES CULTIVATED IN ALTERED AREAS THIRTY-FIVE YEARS AFTER PLANTING

FLORESTA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Harley Araújo da Silva ◽  
Thiago Augusto Da Cunha ◽  
Veronica Telma Da Rocha Passos
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Survival Status

The evaluation of the survival and natural regeneration of tree species in a 35-year-old plantation was carried out to identify the species established in the area, aiming at their recommendation in forest restoration plantations in the State of Acre. In the 1980s, 138 forest species were planted in two experimental units (EU), of 1.38 ha each, in the Zoobotanical Park (ZP) of the Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco campus. The main activities carried out in the area, prior to planting, were agriculture and cattle raising.  Survival status was measured through a census of all individuals planted at the time, who were still alive. In addition, all regenerating individuals from planted species were surveyed in the effective planting area of the experimental units. At the time of evaluation, living individuals of 41 and 46 species were found in experimental units 1 (EU-1) and 2 (EU-2), respectively. The species Syagrus sancona, Talisia esculenta, Acacia polyphylla, Couepia bracteosa, Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini and Copaifera multijuga showed survival rates above 90% in at least one of the experimental units. Only Syagrus sancona and Handroanthus serratifolius presented high survival rates in both experimental. Regenerating individuals of the species Aspidosperma vargasii, Couepia bracteosa, Euterpe precatoria, Handroanthus serratifolius, Oenocarpus mapora, Onychopetalum periquino and Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum were found in the two EU.

scholarly journals COMPARAÇÃO DA EFICÁCIA DE TÉCNICAS DE NUCLEAÇÃO PARA RESTAURAÇÃO DE ÁREA DEGRADADA NO SUL DO BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzane Bevilacqua Marcuzzo ◽  
Gislene Ganade ◽  
Maristela Machado Araújo ◽  
Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Degraded Area ◽  
Exotic Vegetation ◽  
Remnant Forest

O desenvolvimento de grandes centros urbanos em áreas naturais resultou na supressão e degradação de florestas. A fim de obter ferramentas para implantação de programas de restauração nessas áreas, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes técnicas nucleadoras sobre os fatores bióticos e abióticos que limitam a regeneração natural, em uma área degradada em remanescente de floresta, no perímetro rural-urbano de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial, composto pelos seguintes tratamentos: Controle (C), Transposição de Solo (TS), Resíduos da Arborização Urbana Triturados (RT), Transposição de Solo misturado aos Resíduos da Arborização Urbana Triturado (TS+RT) e Poleiros Artificiais. Durante 12 meses, foi avaliada a abundância e riqueza de plântulas estabelecidas, e por sete meses, a chuva de sementes em coletores. Os resultados indicam que a transposição de solo foi o método mais eficiente para restauração da área degradada em estudo. Adicionalmente, a utilização de poleiros artificiais se mostrou eficiente, indicando tendência de aumento da riqueza florística e de sementes dispersas. No entanto, a vegetação exótica da área urbana apresentou forte influência na composição florística, cuja sucessão terá trajetória diferente da vegetação original.Palavras-chave: Nucleação; poleiros artificiais; arborização urbana; transposição de solo.AbstractComparison of nucleation techniques effectiveness for degraded area restoring in Southern Brazil. The development of large urban centers in natural areas resulted in abolition and degradation of forests. In order to obtain tools for restoring programs development in such areas, this study aimed to evaluate efficiency of different nucleus techniques in relation to biotic and abiotic factors which limit natural regeneration in a depressed area of remnant forest in rural-urban perimeter of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, in factorial disposition, composed of the following treatments: Control (C), Transposition of Soil (TS), crushed waste of urban afforestation (RT), Transposition of soil mixed to crushed waste of urban afforestation (TS+RT), and artificial perches. During 12 months,  abundance and richness of seedlings laid down were evaluated and for seven months the seed rain in sinks. Results point that the soil transposition was the most efficient method for restoration of the degraded area. Additionally, artificial perches using proved to be efficient, pointing to wealth increase trend and floristic wealth of dispersed seeds. However, the exotic vegetation of the urban area has strong influences on floristic composition, whose succession will have different trajectory of original vegetation.Keywords: Artificial perches; nucleation; urban afforestation; soil transposition. 

scholarly journals Isotopic abundance of 13 C and contribution of eucalyptus biomass to soil organic matter conversion

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Figueiredo Severo ◽  
Natália Tobin Aita ◽  
Laila Garcia Marques ◽  
Leandro Souza da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT: It has become possible to evaluate the conversion of soil organic matter (SOM) in pastures and arboreal crops due to the difference between the photosynthetic cycles of Eucalyptus (C3) and most grasses (C4). The auto analyzer method coupled to the IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer) in the present study evaluated the 13C content in soil profiles of Eucalyptus plantations of different ages (2, 10 and 21 years), in natural regeneration areas and natural grazing fields, and estimated the SOM conversion of each crop type of. The initial management of all sampled areas was natural pasture. The following profile layers were evaluated: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-70 and 70-90cm, and the contribution of Eucalyptus biomass over the years of farming was estimated in the SOM conversion process. After 2 years of planting Eucalyptus, the beginning of pasture carbon conversion process occurred in the surface layer (0-5cm). Ten years after planting, the process of converting organic matter by arboreal crops reached the layers up to 20cm. After 21 years of planting and in natural regeneration areas, the entire profile has already been changed by planting Eucalyptus and native tree species.

Conifer seed predation in harvested and burned dry Douglas-fir forests in southern British Columbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1548-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Huggard ◽  
André Arsenault
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Seed Predation ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Clear Cut

Consumption of seeds of Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.) was measured in dry Douglas-fir forest at the Opax Mountain Silvicultural Systems site and a nearby burned area as one component of understanding limited natural regeneration in these sites. Seeds were placed in plots surrounded by a physical barrier to invertebrates, enclosed in mesh impermeable to small mammals, covered by litter, or unprotected in clear-cut, partially harvested, uncut, and burned areas and monitored for three several-day sessions in 2 years. Daily survival rates of unprotected seeds of both species were equally low: 0.63 in uncut forest, 0.45 in partially harvested and clear-cut sites, and 0.03 in the burned area. Experimental reductions of coarse woody debris reduced seed predation moderately in patch cuts but not in uncut forest. Litter cover or selective exclosure of ground-dwelling invertebrates reduced seed losses only slightly, whereas small mammal exclosures eliminated most seed loss. Deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner) are likely the most important seed predators. High rates of seed predation in dry Douglas-fir forests likely limit natural regeneration in harvested and burned stands.

scholarly journals Survival in adults of the water frogRana lessonaeand its hybridogenetic associateRana esculenta

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Katherina Holenweg Peter
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Water Frogs ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Rana Lessonae

Using recent developments in capture–mark–recapture modelling, I analysed survival rates of adults of two species of water frogs, the parent species Rana lessonae and its sexual parasite, the hybrid Rana esculenta. Frogs were caught in four different breeding ponds between 1995 and 1998 and the effects of genotype (= species), sex, pond, and time on survival rates and recapture probabilities were tested. Survival rates were consistently higher in R. lessonae than in R. esculenta. Recapture probability was higher in males than in females. In both species, survival rates were constant during spring and summer and similar in all years of the investigation, average monthly survival rates being lower than those during autumn and winter. The variation in annual survival rates (72–84% for R. lessonae and 53–70% for R. esculenta) is probably caused by differences in winter survival rates. Capture–mark–recapture models cannot separate mortality and emigration and hence usually underestimate survival rates. To eliminate this source of error, I quantified emigration, which ranged from 0 to 29% at the four ponds. After correcting for these emigration rates, I found no differences in survival rates among the four ponds. The overall high survival rates of adult R. lessonae compared with R. esculenta partially compensate for the hybrid's initial reproductive advantage in terms of mating, fertility, and larval development and, hence, contribute to stabilising mixed populations.

scholarly journals TYPOLOGY, PRODUCTIVITY AND DYNAMICS OF ALEPPO PINE STANDS IN THE OUARSENIS MASSIF (ALGERIA)

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed SARMOUM ◽  
Rafael NAVARRO-CIRRILLO ◽  
Frederic GUIBAL ◽  
Fatiha ABDOUN
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Silvicultural Management ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Semi Arid

Aleppo pine is the most important forest species in Algeria. This species has been used for a long time in reforestation programs, notably the “green dam” planted in the 1970s. Despite this importance, the Aleppo pine continues to undergo all kinds of degradation such as land clearing, illegal cutting and fire. This situation is causing reduction of potential wood production, also jeopardizing the vitality of the stands and their regeneration. This work aims to describe the typology, productivity and dynamics of Aleppo pine stands in the Ouarsenis massif (West of Algeria). 27 plots were installed to describe the stands (composition of forest species, dbh , total height, and basal area). Regeneration was estimated by the rate of juvenile individuals (dbh5cm). The results obtained shows that the Aleppo pine develops different conditions for altitude, climate and type of soil. These conditions have a direct influence on the structure of the Aleppo pine and its productivity. The best populations develop on an average altitude (500 to 1400 m), in subhumid and semi-arid climates, on southern exposures and on limestone soils. The stands are mostly young (age 70 years) with good natural regeneration. These results put focus on the factors of degradation of the Aleppo pine, in particular the recurring fires and the lack of silvicultural management which application can improve the productivity and the vitality of the stands.

scholarly journals Survival Rates and Initial Growth of Japanese Cedar and Hinoki Cypress Saplings in Experimental Plots Aimed at Low-cost Silviculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Atsushi Sakai ◽  
Fumiaki Kitahara ◽  
Keisuke Yamanaka ◽  
Takashi Mishima ◽  
Wakana Iwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Hinoki Cypress ◽  
Experimental Plots

scholarly journals Floristic composition of Melastomataceae between reforested and natural areas in the Recife Atlantic Forest, Pernambuco, Brazil

Biotemas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Rodrigues Maciel ◽  
Yuri de Souza Vieira Couceiro
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Forest Flora ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City

Local extinction of native Atlantic Forest flora species occurs mainly due to habitat fragmentation. Reforestation and natural regeneration can mitigate these factors. The present study attempts to understand whether floristic composition and dispersal processes are being reestablished in an area of lowland Atlantic Forest, eight years after its reforestation. The study area was an old pasture set between two urban fragments in the city of Recife that was reforested in 2011. Melastomataceae species were collected in this area and the morphology of their fruits was compared with the species of the family recorded in the adjacent fragments. Miconia prasina, M. albicans, M. affinis, Clidemia hirta, and C. capitellata have been found in the reforested area. Although there are species with larger fruits in the adjacent fragments, there was no statistically significant difference between the means of the two areas. The fruit morphology indicates that the species found in the area are dispersed by birds and small mammals. It is possible to conclude that the reforested area already presents the expected ecological processes for a corridor between two fragments. Thus, the two adjacent areas serve as vectors for the colonization of native Atlantic Forest species in the reforested area.

scholarly journals Parkia biglobosa (Nere)-A threatened useful tree species: Directory of sanitary constraints according to north-south climatic gradient in Mali

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Bokary Allaye Kelly ◽  
Amadou Malé Kouyaté
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
The North ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Wood Boring

Parkia biglobosa, a multi-purposes species offers food, medicine and income to rural populations. This species is facing several constraints mainly aged populations, weak natural regeneration, and reduction of tree densities. A study, was undertaken in three sites from three agro-climatic zones according to the north-south climatic gradient in southern Mali, to assess dendrometric characteristics of Parkia biglobosa trees. Permanent plots of 0.25 ha each were installed in fields and fallows with three replications in each stand within each site. Adult trees in the plots were monitored, measured and also assessed for sanitary constraints. Several sanitary constraints were encountered and classified into six categories (from attacks on trunks and gross branches to damages on fruits and general attacks, infestations and damages due to wood-boring insects, human beings and other abiotic factors). Damages like those with symptoms of dieback or staghead disease pose a serious threat for production, productivity and survival of the species. Concrete actions are necessary like sanitary diagnostic at the level of the distribution area of the species in Mali, followed by identifying real cause of damages and seeking for appropriate solutions, sensitizing and training farmers, implementing a national program of regeneration of the species by planting and/or by promoting Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) approach.

scholarly journals Impact of Invasive Tree Species on Natural Regeneration Species Composition, Diversity, and Density

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

Invasive tree species decrease ecosystem resilience with negative impacts on natural regeneration. The influence of alien tree species on ecosystems is unevenly recognized and does not always account for different habitat specificity. We assessed the impacts of the three most frequent invasive tree species in European forests: Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus rubra L., and Robinia pseudoacacia L. on natural regeneration diversity, species composition, and density. We hypothesized that invaded forest types, in comparison with non-invaded, will differ in terms of species composition, will have lower taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of natural regeneration, and will have lower densities of native tree species. We used a set of 189 study plots (200 m2) in a systematic design, established in various forest types in Wielkopolski National Park (West Poland). We analyzed impacts of forest type, accounting for soil C:N ratio, soil pH, and light availability on natural regeneration (woody species up to 0.5 m height) species composition, diversity, and density. We found an overlap of species composition among invaded and non-invaded forests and low impacts of invasive species on taxonomic diversity and functional richness. We found no impacts on phylogenetic diversity and other functional diversity components. In contrast, we found that the natural regeneration of forest-forming tree species reached lower densities in invaded than non-invaded forest types. However, sub-canopy and shrub species reached higher densities in invaded than non-invaded forest types. We confirmed that invasive tree species affect natural regeneration by decreasing the regeneration density of native tree species (in eight of nine tree species studied), species composition homogenization, and supporting natural regeneration of sub-canopy and shrub species. Therefore, the restoration of invaded forests requires eradication of invasive tree species to decrease propagule pressure and to stop decreases in the abundance of native tree species’ natural regeneration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document