Evaluation of crop yield and fruit quality in organic apple production

In this study, crop yield and fruit quality parameters (soluble solid concentration, sugar, total acid, and vitamin C content) of 15 apple cultivars including old, resistant and currently grown cultivars. The highest fruit yield among all 15 cultivars was obtained on CV. Jonagold with 15.5 kg/tree, while the lowest yield was measured on the resistant cultivar Reanda with 8.1 kg/tree. There were no significant differences among the cultivars in fruit diameter ranging from 70 mm in the case of cv. Húsvéti rozmaring to 82 mm for cv. Mutsu. Values of soluble solids concentration of the cultivars varied between 15.5% for cv. Téli Banán and 19.2% for cv. Renora. Sugar content values showed a similar tendency to soluble solids content. The highest and lowest total sugar content was observed on cvs. Jonagold and Renora and cv. Retina with 17% and 12.4%, respectively. Total acid content values ranged between 0.18% and 0.53% for cvs. Jonagold and Remo, respectively. Values of vitamin C content for the 15 apple cultivars varied between 2 mg% and 4 mg% for cv. Retina and cv. Mutsu, respectively.

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FRUIT PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF NEW INTRODUCED APPLE CULTIVARS

FRUIT GROWING RESEARCH ◽

10.33045/fgr.v37.2021.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (37) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Madalina Militaru ◽

◽

Victor Bucarciuc ◽

Madalina Butac ◽

Eugenia Maresi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Apple Cultivars

The apple fruit is the second most frequently consumed, after bananas and some quality characteristics like size, gloss, color, and aroma influenced directly the flesh consumption. In this study, the external (weight, size, skin colour) and internal (firmness, total soluble solids, acidity, pH) fruit quality attributes were measured experimentally before the storage, using well defined techniques. 'Corelita', 'Coreal', 'Corealor', 'Coredova', 'Corejuno', 'Coretard', 'Coreagat', 'Coreor' and 'Coreprim' cultivars were registered, in the last 15 years, by Practical Scientific Institute of Horticulture and Food Technologies Chișinău, Republic of Moldova, as scab resistant varieties. The orchard trial was established at the Research Institute for Fruit Growing Pitesti, Romania in the spring 2014 on MM106 rootstock, at the spacing of 3.5 x 2 m and fruit samples were analyzed in 2019, 2020 and 2021 seasons. All studied cultivars were harvested before 'Florina' cv., used as control. Fruit weight was quite variable among genotypes, between 115.15 g at 'Coreal' cv. and 212.41 g at 'Corejuno', and most of the cultivars had smaller fruits than 'Florina' cv. Firmness and total soluble solids varied from 70.5 to 82.61 N and 12.77 to 16.77%Brix. The Hunter color values L, a, b, were found to be in the range of 46.12 to 56.76, - 6.46 to 14, 13.75 to 23.72, respectively. The data about the external and internal fruit quality of new Moldavian scab resistant apple cultivars are useful for growers, in order to introduce in the new orchards only cultivars with high quality fruits.

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Effect of Cultivar and Site on Fruit Quality as Demonstrated by the NE-183 Regional Project on Apple Cultivars

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.15.4.0886 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 886-895 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S.S. Miller ◽

R.W. McNew ◽

B.H. Barritt ◽

L. Berkett ◽

S.K. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Regional Project ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Hedonic Scale

Cultivar and planting site are two factors that often receive minimal attention, but can have a significant impact on the quality of apple (Malus ×domestica) produced. A regional project, NE-183 The Multidisciplinary Evaluation of New Apple Cultivars, was initiated in 1995 to systematically evaluate 20 newer apple cultivars on Malling.9 (M.9) rootstock across 19 sites in North America. This paper describes the effect of cultivar and site on fruit quality and sensory attributes at a number of the planting sites for the 1998 through 2000 growing seasons. Fruit quality attributes measured included fruit weight, length: diameter ratio, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), flesh firmness, red overcolor, and russet. Fruit sensory characteristics rated included crispness, sweetness, and juiciness, based on a unipolar intensity scale (where 1 = least and 5 = most), and acidity, flavor, attractiveness, and desirability based on a bipolar hedonic scale (where 1 = dislike and 5 = like extremely). All fruit quality and sensory variables measured were affected by cultivar. The two-way interaction of cultivar and planting site was significant for all response variables except SSC, TA, russet, crispness, and sweetness ratings. The SSC: TA ratio was strongly correlated with sweetness and acidity sensory rating, but was weakly correlated with flavor rating. The results demonstrate that no one cultivar is ideally suited for all planting sites and no planting site is ideal for maximizing the quality of all apple cultivars.

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242 Fruit Quality Parameters of Various Apple Scion/Rootstock Combinations

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.432f ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 432F-433

Author(s):

Usman Siswanto ◽

Frank B. Matta

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Diameter Ratio ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Apple Rootstocks ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

A study of spur-type apple scion cultivars on semi-dwarf and dwarf apple rootstocks was conducted to evaluate and identify suitable scion/stock combination for Mississippi. Fruit weight varied among scion/stock combinations. `Royal Gala' on MM111 and MM106 and `Ultra Gold' on MM106 yielded the heaviest fruit. `Jon-A-Red' on Mark produced the lightest fruit. Fruit length diameter ratio (L/D) was the highest for `Blushing Golden' on M7A and MM111, and `Ultra Gold' on MM111. The L/D ratio of `Royal Gala' was not affected by rootstock. Scion cultivars on M7A and M26 tended to have more red fruit than on the remaining rootstocks. `Ultra Gold' on M26 and `Braeburn' on Mark and MM111 had the firmest fruit. Overall, trees on M7A and Mark rootstock tended to produce firm fruit. Juice pH was significantly affected by scion-stock combination. In general, `Royal Gala', regardless of rootstock, had the highest juice pH, whereas `Ultra Mac' and `Jon-A-Red' produced the lowest pH. `Blushing Golden' on MM111 and `Royal Gala' on M26 had the highest soluble solids concentration (SSC). Soluble solids concentration of scion cultivars on MM106 did not differ.

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Comparative Studies on the Quality and Lycopene Content of Pomelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) Cultivars

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20953290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X2095329

Author(s):

Hongjuan Yang ◽

Min Li ◽

Xiaohua Kui ◽

Yueting Sun ◽

Jian-an Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Acid Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Shape Index ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Titratable Acid ◽

Lycopene Content

Three cultivars of pomelo “Guanximiyou” (GX) and its variants “Hongroumiyou” (HR) and “Sanhongmiyou” (SH) were selected as experimental materials to evaluate the quality and edible value of the fruit. In this study, the fruit quality and lycopene contents were investigated. The results show that among the 3 cultivars used, the contents of soluble solids, vitamin C, and total phenol in the juice sac of SH were the highest, followed by HR and GX. SH has the largest fruit shape index, soluble sugar content: GX > HR > SH, and titratable acid content: GX < HR < SH. From our findings, the content of lycopene was the highest in SH, followed by HR and GX. SH has the greatest potential for production due to its appreciable content of lycopene and fruit quality.

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Watermelon Rootstock/Scion Relationships and the Effects of Fruit-Thinning and Stem-Pruning on Yield and Postharvest Fruit Quality

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10090366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 366

Author(s):

Merav Zaaroor-Presman ◽

Sharon Alkalai-Tuvia ◽

Daniel Chalupowicz ◽

Marina Beniches ◽

Abraham Gamliel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Thinning ◽

Lycopene Content ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Grafting Onto ◽

Better Than

This study examined the effects of stem-pruning and fruit-thinning on the yield of marketable watermelon fruit (>5 kg) and watermelon quality after four days of postharvest storage at 22 °C (marketing simulation). We examined the fruits from non-grafted and grafted plants (TZ and Nurit rootstocks) for two consecutive years. Grafting increased the number of marketable fruit per m2. The weight of the average marketable fruit was increased by pruning, but was not affected by thinning or by the choice of rootstock. The level of total soluble solids was higher among fruits from Nurit rootstock. Flesh texture was improved by grafting, but was not affected by thinning or pruning. Thinning improved the taste of the fruit significantly better than stem-pruning did. Grafting (both rootstocks) was associated with crispier fruits. The fruits from Nurit-grafted plants tasted best. The combination of grafting + fruit-thinning increased the fruit lycopene content. The highest levels of vitamin C were found among the fruit from Nurit-grafted plants and the pruned + Nurit-grafted plants, in particular. Overall, fruit quality was affected mainly by grafting onto Nurit rootstock in combination with fruit-thinning and less by stem-pruning. However, not all internal and nutritional quality parameters were significantly affected by the grafting + fruit-thinning treatment.

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Effects of applications of a complex and N-Ca fertilizer on leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations and some fruit quality parameters in two apple cultivars

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/3760-hortsci ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

T. E Sotiropoulos ◽

I. N Therios ◽

K. N Dimassi ◽

V. Tsirakoglou

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Malus Domestica ◽

Boron Concentration ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Malus Domestica Borkh ◽

Golden Delicious ◽

Apple Cultivars

The aim of this research was to study the effects of application of ‘hydrocomplex’ (H) and ‘Norway nitrate’ (NN) fertilizers on leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations and some fruit quality parameters in the following apple (Malus domestica Borkh) cultivars (cvs.): Golden Delicious and Black Ben Davis. Applications of 50 kg NN, 75 kg NN, 50 kg NN plus 50 kg H and 75 kg NN plus 25 kg H per 0.1 hectare significantly increased leaf Ca concentration of the cv. Golden Delicious in comparison with the control in the July 15 sampling period. Boron concentration of leaves of the cv. Black Ben Davis increased steadily throughout the season. Applications of 75 kg H and 75 kg H plus 25 kg NN per 0.1 hectare significantly increased fruit B concentration of the cv. Black Ben Davis at harvest. The ratios N/Ca, K/Ca and K + Mg/Ca in fruit were calculated for all treatments. Applications of 25–75 kg NN, 25–75 kg H as well as the combination of the two fertilizers decreased the ratios N/Ca, K/Ca and K + Mg/Ca of fruits of the cvs. Golden Delicious and Black Ben Davis in comparison with the control at harvest. Applications of 50 kg (ΝΝ), 75 kg (Η), 25 kg (ΝΝ) plus 75 kg (H) and 75 kg (NN) plus 25 kg (H) per 0.1 hectare significantly increased soluble solids of fruits of the cv. Golden Delicious at harvest.  

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EFFECT OF DORMANT PRUNING REGIMES ON CANOPY LIGHT DISTRIBUTION, FRUIT AND SPUR QUALITY, AND FRUIT PACKOUT OF `MCINTOSH' APPLES.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.637c ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 637c-637

Author(s):

Jon M. Clements ◽

Joseph F. Costante

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Skin Color ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

Light Distribution ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Complete Analysis ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Analysis Of Results

A randomized complete block study was initiated in 1991 in a fifteen year old `Rogers Red McIntosh'/9-106 interstem orchard to investigate the effect of three dormant pruning regimes- an unpruned control, selectively thinned, and heavily structured or “tiered”, on tree canopy light distribution and fruit and spur quality. Fruit quality parameters being measured for the 1991 and 1992 harvests include skin color (% red blush), weight (g.), flesh firmness (kg.), soluble solids concentration (% Brix), and packout (% fancy grade). Pruning treatment effect on fruit spur quality, in terms of spur bud diameter (mm.) and spur efficiency (leaf dry weight/spur), is also being evaluated at time of harvest. Light distribution is being measured (% PAR, umol/s/m2.) within the tree canopy from petal fall through harvest. Preliminary findings indicate there is a difference in tree canopy light distribution and some fruit quality measurements, including red skin color, between pruning regimes. Complete analysis of results from 1991 will be presented.

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Melatonin Treatment of Pomegranate Trees Increases Crop Yield and Quality Parameters at Harvest and during Storage

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 861

Author(s):

Jorge Medina-Santamarina ◽

María Serrano ◽

Jose M. Lorente-Mento ◽

María E. García-Pastor ◽

Pedro J. Zapata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Quality Attributes ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Melatonin Treatment ◽

Weight Losses ◽

Developmental Growth

With the aim to study the effect of melatonin treatment of pomegranate trees on crop yield and fruit quality at harvest and during storage, two experiments were carried out in two consecutive years: 2017 and 2018. In the first year, trees were treated with melatonin (at 0.1 and 1 mM) along the developmental growth cycle and fruit quality parameters were evaluated at harvest and during storage at 10 °C for 90 days. Treatments with melatonin led to an increase of crop yield (number of fruits per tree and kg per tree), as well as higher fruit quality attributes, such as fruit size (diameter and weight), color, total soluble solids (TSS), and total acidity (TA), especially with the 0.1 mM dose. Then, in the second year, melatonin at 0.1 mM was selected for repeating the pre-harvest treatments with similar results in terms of crop yield and fruit quality parameters. During storage, pomegranate fruit treated with 0.1 mM melatonin maintained higher quality attributes than controls, such as TSS, TA, and firmness and lower weight losses were observed in fruit from treated trees, in both trials. In addition, the content of the major sugars (glucose and fructose) and organic acids (malic, succinic and ascorbic acid) were higher in melatonin-treated than in non-treated fruit. These results suggest that pre-harvest melatonin treatment could be a useful tool to increase pomegranate crop yield as well as fruit quality parameters at harvest and their maintenance during storage due to an effect of melatonin on reducing the postharvest ripening process.

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Effect of Permeable Coatings on Some Quality Parameters of Two `Galia' melons during Storage

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.825f ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 825F-825

Author(s):

Juan E. Manzano-Mendez ◽

Yolanda Perez ◽

Judith Zambrano

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Total Sugar Content ◽

A Value ◽

Wax Coating

Melon hybrids (Cucumis melo L.) C-8 and H-5 from Hazera C.O. (Israel), were treated with two commercial wax coating, Primafresh at the original concentration, and Prolong at 1.5% (w/v). Fruits were sprayed with wax and stored for 5, 10, and 15 days at 10, 15, and 25C in storage rooms. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, reducing and total sugars, dry matter, electric conductivity, and pulp fruit color were analyzed. No difference was found to TSS; titratable acidity was high at 10 and 15C in fruits stored for 5 days. The C-8 hybrid showed the highest reducing and total sugar content at 10C. For both hybrids, dry matter content was reduced at higher stored temperature and longer storage time. The hybrid H-5 showed higher color a* value and a clear pulp color was increased in fruit at 15C.

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Preliminary Insights in Sensory Profile of Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 612

Author(s):

Vânia Silva ◽

Sandra Pereira ◽

Alice Vilela ◽

Eunice Bacelar ◽

Francisco Guedes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Principal Component ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Sensory Data

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit appreciated by consumers for its well-known physical and sensory characteristics and its health benefits. Being an extremely perishable fruit, it is important to know the unique attributes of the cultivars to develop cultivation or postharvest strategies that can enhance their quality. This study aimed to understand the influence of physicochemical characteristics of two sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat and Van, on the food quality perception. Several parameters (weight, dimensions, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), colour, and texture) were measured and correlated with sensory data. Results showed that cv. Van presented heavier and firmer fruits with high sugar content. In turn, cv. Burlat showed higher pH, lower TA, and presented redder and brightest fruits. The principal component analysis revealed an evident separation between cultivars. Van cherries stood out for their sensory parameters and were classified as more acidic, bitter, and astringent, and presented a firmer texture. Contrarily, Burlat cherries were distinguished as being more flavourful, succulent, sweeter, and more uniform in terms of visual and colour parameters. The results of the sensory analysis suggested that perceived quality does not always depend on and/or recognize the quality parameters inherent to the physicochemical characteristics of each cultivar.

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