scholarly journals Ornamental plants in Hungary Part I. Protected cultivation

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
The West ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Cut Foliage

Between 1950-1989, the production and trade of ornamental plants in Hungary was characterised by meeting the demands of the home and that of the Eastern-Block market and by a minimal external trade with the Western countries. After the socio-economical changes in 1989/90, the trade of flowers gradually became liberalised and the Hungarian growers had to face the concurrency of steadily increasing import from the West and from all over the World. This tendency coincided with the physical and mental degradation (outdating) of most of the glasshouses, along with the decline of several former large growers of the communist type (state or cooperative), the appearance and growth of new private companies and the building (rebuilding) of new plastic houses and (mainly second-hand) glasshouses. In spite of the above-listed problems, the production as a whole did not (or only slightly) decrease and/or even an increase occured in many areas mainly in the open-ground production. In 1998, the protected flower cultivation comprised round 110 ha of glasshouses, 180-220 ha of plastic structures and 3-5 ha of frames, with the main crops as follows: cut flowers and cut foliage 220-240 ha; pot plants (with geraniums) 30-40 ha; bedding plants (without geraniums) 20-25 ha; "transit--greenhouses (for redistribution only) 3-5 ha: other (eg. propagation of woody ornamentals) 3-5 ha. The structure of open-ground production was as follows: Total 1150-1210 ha, including: Nursery products: woody ornamentals 880 ha; perennials 10-15 ha; rose bushes 30-35 ha. Other open-ground crops: flower bulbs 50-60 ha; dried flowers 130-140 ha; open-ground cut flowers 25-30 ha; flower seed 30-35 ha; (biennial) bedding plants 10-15 ha.

Methods of experimental polyploidization and their use in apple breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
L. V. Tashmatova ◽  
O. V. Matsneva ◽  
T. M. Khromova ◽  
V. V. Shakhov
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Diploid Gametes

The article presents methods of experimental polyploidy of fruit, berry and ornamental plants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the problems and prospects of polyploidization of plants in the open ground and in vitro culture and the possibility of their application for apple trees. For the purpose of obtaining apple tetraploids as donors of diploid gametes, seed seedlings were treated with a solution of colchicine in concentrations of 0.1-0.4 % for 24 and 48 hours. Colchicine concentrations of 0.3 % and 0.4 % at 48 hours of treatment had a detrimental eff ect on their development. As a result, tetraploids and chimeras were obtained from seeds from free pollination of the varieties Orlik, Svezhest, Kandil Orlovsky, as well as from seeds obtained from crossing the varieties Svezhest×Bolotovskoe, Moskovskoe Оzherel’e×Imrus, Girlyanda×Venyaminovskoe. The optimal concentration of colchicine was 0.1 %. Methods of colchicine treatment have been studied: 1) adding to the nutrient medium, colchicine concentration: 0.01%, 0.02%, exposure time 24h-19 days; 2) applying amitotic solution to the growth point, colchicine concentration: 0.1 %, 0.2 %, exposure time 24h-7 days. To increase the penetration of colchicine through the cell walls, a 0.1 % dimexide solution was used. Studies have shown that high concentrations and prolonged exposure to colchicine reduce the viability of explants.

scholarly journals Characteristics of industrial cultivation and requirements to fresh cut flowers in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
O. A. Shchuklina ◽  
I. N. Voronchikhina ◽  
A. D. Alenicheva ◽  
I. N. Klimenkova ◽  
V. V. Voronchikhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Analytical Centers

Relevance. The specifics of the fresh cut flowers market in the Russian Federation is such, that 85-100% of the total volume of flowers sold is imported. The most popular flowers among Russian consumers are roses (up to 60% in the total share of fresh flowers), chrysanthemums and carnations, all of which require certain growing conditions. Recently, the market of local seasonal flowers has begun to develop, the main players in which are small farms or household plots. Material and methods. This article presents the data about market analysis of fresh cut flowers in Russia for the last five years (2015-2020). For this analysis were used the methods applied in economics. The main information database of this research includes data from official state statistics; open data from analytical centers; federal and regional regulations; data from the Federal agency for technical regulation and Metrology; reference materials of specialized data on research field; data from industry-specific portals; sites; articles and reviews written by producers of fresh cut flowers in Russia and worldwide. Results. Russia is one of the top six importers of fresh cut flowers in the world. The most popular flower among Russian consumers is a rose. There is not much suitable soil and climatic conditions in Russia for growing it on a commercial scale in the open ground. In 2018-2019 according to Rosstat data the number of flowers, grown for cutting in Russia, was estimated 263,3 billion pieces. However, now Russian flower producers are not able to meet domestic demand for fresh flowers, so there is no almost export.

scholarly journals Irrigating Landscape Bedding Plants and Cut Flowers With Recycled Nursery Runoff and Constructed Wetland Treated Water

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold ◽  
Bruce J. Lesikar ◽  
Garry V. McDonald ◽  
Donita L. Bryan ◽  
Amit Gross
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Nursery Runoff ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Water Treatments

Abstract Direct nursery runoff (runoff), wetland treated recycled nursery runoff (recycled), and a municipal water source (tap) with and without elevated salt (NaCl targeted injection to 3.0 dS·m−1) levels were tested as potential drip irrigation sources for production of in-ground cut flower crops and landscape bedding plants. Two species of cut flowers, Helianthus annuus L. ‘Mammoth’ (sunflower) and Gladiolus hortulanus L. ‘Tout A Toi’ (gladiolus), and two bedding plants, Catharanthus roseus G. Don ‘Pacifica Red’ (vinca) and Zinnia elegans N.J. von Jacquin ‘Lilliput Mixed Colors’ (zinnia), were established in trial beds irrigated with the four water treatments during the summer of 2001 as a warm season experiment. A second experiment was conducted from November 2001 to May 2002 to investigate growth and flowering responses of two species of cut flower crops [Consolida ambigua (L.) P Ball & V Heywood (larkspur) and Narcissus tazetta L. ‘Galilea’ (paperwhite narcissus)] and two bedding plants [Antirrhinum majus L. ‘Montego Mix’ (snapdragons) and Viola × wittrockiana H. Gams ‘Crown Mix’ (pansies)]. Marketable crops of sunflower, paperwhite narcissus, and larkspur were produced with all four water treatments. Direct nursery runoff, recycled wetland treated water, and NaCl spiked water that were high in soluble salts during the heat of summer reduced yield and inflorescence diameter with sunflowers, but only slightly reduced inflorescence quality and had no effect on yield of paperwhite narcissus. These three treatments also affected stand density, but not yield of cut larkspur inflorescences in the cool season. Irrigation with water containing elevated NaCl levels reduced flower counts on pansies and growth indices on pansies and snapdragons over much of the growing season, but reduced snapdragon flowering only in spring. Vinca was unaffected by the irrigation treatments. Zinnia survival and flowering were reduced or delayed by irrigation with recycled or elevated NaCl water.

scholarly journals 615 Colored Shade Nets can Manipulate the Vegetative Growth and Flowering Behavior of Ornamental Plants

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 503C-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oren-Shamir ◽  
E.E. Gussakovsky ◽  
E. Shpiegel ◽  
E. Matan ◽  
I. Dory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Short Side ◽  
Agricultural Performance ◽  
Ruscus Hypoglossum ◽  
Stimulation Of

Many green-decorative branches (“Greens”) and cut flowers are commercially grown under shade nets, for both the reduction of the natural intercepted sunlight as well as physical protection. The most commonly used are black nets, which do not affect the visible light spectrum. In the work presented here we have studied the effects of shade nets of varying optical properties on the vegetative and flowering responses of ornamental plants, searching for nets that will specifically induce a desired behavior, thus gaining benefits in addition to the mere shading. Nets of different transmittance spectra, light scattering, reflectance and thermal properties are being studied for their effect on the vegetative growth of several Greens: Pittosporum variegatum, Ruscus hypoglossum, and Leather-leaf fern. The knitting density of all nets has been adjusted to have the same percent shading in the PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) range of the spectrum for all nets investigated. Experiments were carried out in commercial plots. Data were collected for microclimate, physiological and horticultural parameters. The main results obtained so far: i) pronounced stimulation of the vegetative growth under the Red net; ii) dwarfing by the Blue net; iii) the Grey net markedly enhanced branching, yielding “bushy” plants with short side branches; iv) the reflective, thermal net (Aluminet®) enhanced side, long branching (in Pittosporum). Recently we have applied a similar approach to cut flowers such as Lupinus luteus, Lisianthus eustoma, and Dubium ornitugalum, and obtained dramatic effects of some of the nets on both the vegetative development and flowering behavior. The results to be presented, suggest that sophistication of the use of shade nets can lead to better agricultural performance.

scholarly journals Rice Hulls, Leaf-waste Pellets, and Pine Bark as Herbicide Carriers for Container-grown Woody Ornamentals

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayesh B. Samtani ◽  
Gary J. Kling ◽  
Hannah M. Mathers ◽  
Luke Case
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Annual Weeds

An integrated approach to weed control in nursery containers is crucial if herbicide applications during the growing season are to be reduced. This experiment, conducted in 2002 and 2003 in Urbana, Ill., evaluated rice hulls, leaf-waste pellets, and pine bark as herbicide carriers for the preemergence herbicides oryzalin at 2 lb/acre a.i. and diuron at 1 lb/acre a.i. The efficacy of the treatments in controlling annual weeds and the phytotoxic effects of the treatments on the woody plant species were evaluated in separate completely randomized designs. For the efficacy experiment, no ornamental plants were present and containers were each seeded with a mixture of 1:1:1 (by volume) of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris), and shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) immediately after treatment applications. For the phytotoxicity experiment, ‘Goldflame’ spirea (Spiraea japonica), ‘Hetz Midget’ american arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis), and ‘Snowmound’ nippon spirea (Spiraea nipponica) were evaluated. No weed seeds were sown in the phytotoxicity containers. Treatments for both experiments included spray applications of herbicides with water or with one of the organic mulches as a carrier or one of the mulches alone. Evaluations were done 45 and 120 days after treatment (DAT) in both years. The organic carriers with herbicide sprays gave efficacy visual ratings equivalent to water as a carrier for both herbicides. Phytotoxicity was not observed in the spirea species in either year. For ‘Hetz Midget’ american arborvitae in 2002, diuron with water had the highest visual phytotoxicity rating. Diuron phytotoxicity on the ‘Hetz Midget’ american arborvitae was alleviated when diuron was applied with any of the three mulches as a carrier. Pine bark treatments increased plant biomass for ‘Goldflame’ spirea in 2003, 45 DAT. At 120 DAT in 2002, pine bark gave increased plant biomass as compared with no organic mulch treatments for ‘Goldflame’ spirea. The study was conducted to ascertain whether the use of organic mulches as carriers could reduce phytotoxic effects of a herbicide on container-grown woody ornamentals, improve crop plant biomass, and act as a herbicide carrier for container-grown woody ornamentals.

scholarly journals Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Four Bedding Plants in Substrate Containing Coal Bottom Ash Mixed with Coir Dust

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Yong-Ha Rhie ◽  
Suyun Nam ◽  
Jongyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mixed Substrates ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Substrate Mixtures

Coal bottom ash (BA) is a by-product of coal-fired power generation and can be utilized as a growing substrate for ornamental plants. The physical and hydraulic properties of BA-mixed substrates (coir dust:BA, 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4, v/v) and commercial germinating media (BM2; Berger Peatmoss) were investigated, and the effects of the substrate mixtures on seed germination, seedling growth, and heavy metal concentrations (Cd and Pb) were evaluated for four common bedding plants (periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), globe amaranth (Gomphrena globose), impatiens (Impatiens walleriana), and petunia (Petunia multiflora)). As the BA:coir dust increased, the air space rate in the substrate increased from 25.5 to 28.0%, providing the substrate with sufficient porosity. However, the container capacity and amount of easily available water decreased from 63.1 to 53.7% as BA proportions increased. In the final germination percentage and days to germination of the four bedding plants, no significant differences were detected among the substrate mixtures. Although the impatiens and petunias displayed poor growth (46–55% and 42–56% of dry weight, respectively) in the BA-mixed substrates compared to the BM2, no apparent differences in the seedling growth of periwinkles and globe amaranths were found between 7:3 (coir dust:BA) substrate and BM2. These results indicated that the BA-mixed substrates had the potential to replace the commercial germinating media. The plants grown in the BA-mixed substrates contained Cd, but it was unlikely to be derived from the BA.

scholarly journals Initial growth of Costus longebracteolatus and Costus spiralis ‘French Kiss’ under different light conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Renata Bachin Mazzini-Guedes ◽  
Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta ◽  
Renata Gimenes ◽  
Gustavo De Nobrega Romani ◽  
Gilberto Rostirolla Batista de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
The Family ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
Cut Foliage ◽  
Plant Exposure

The Brazilian native Costus longebracteolatus and Costus spiralis ‘French Kiss’, in the family Costaceae, have been used as both cut flowers and cut foliage. It is known that Costus species grow better under partial shade, but studies on the influence of shading or light on plant growth, development, and flower production are still incipient. As this kind of information is essential on planning of planting, production, and agribusiness activities, the objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of different colored shade nets and light conditions on the initial growth of both C. longebracteolatus and C. spiralis ‘French Kiss’. Plants, obtained from cuttings of pseudostems, were cultivated under six light conditions, which comprised six treatments, along 270 days: red net with 50% shading, blue net with 50% shading, black net with 70% shading, black net with 50% shading, black net with 30% shading, and full sun. The initial growth of C. longebracteolatus (up to 270 days) is more successful under the blue net with 50% shading, which promoted highest values of pseudostem length and dry matter of aerial part. For C. spiralis ‘French Kiss’ plants, both the red and blue nets with 50% shading implied best results and differed for the other treatments with greater pseudostem length. Plant exposure to full sun inhibited growth and development, and favored early leaf necrosis.

scholarly journals Louisiana Select: Taking the Plants to the People

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 603f-604
Author(s):  
Allen D. Owings
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Service Personnel ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Bald Cypress ◽  
The People ◽  
Point Of Purchase

The LSU Agricultural Center and Louisiana Association of Nurserymen initiated an ornamental plant promotion and recommendation program in 1996. Called `Louisiana Select', this program is intended to actively promote outstanding ornamental plants to Louisiana's gardening consumers. Plants are promoted in the spring and fall of each year and have included `New Orleans Red' coleus, mayhaw, `Henry's Garnet' Virginia willow, `Homestead Purple' verbena, `Watchet' azalea, `Telstar' dianthus, bald cypress, `New Wonder' scaevola, “Fall is for Planting Native Trees”, and lantana (`New Gold', `Dallas Red', `Confetti', `Trailing Purple', and `Silver Mound'). Point of purchase signs and banners promoting the `Louisiana Select' program and individual plants are provided to retail garden centers. Significant sales increases ranging from 300% to 2500% have been reported for the selected plants, with annual bedding plants and perennial flowers enjoying the greater sales increases. Plants for promotion are selected by a committee of wholesale greenhouse producers, retailers, landscape contractors, and cooperative extension service personnel.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document