scholarly journals Tyre-Road friction Coefficient: Estimation Adaptive System

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
A.A. Kashkanov ◽  
◽  
A.P. Rotshtein ◽  
V.Yu. Kucheruk ◽  
V.A. Kashkanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Coefficient Estimation ◽  
Potential Applicability

This paper offers an upgraded method for estimating the magnitude of friction between tyres of a motor vehicle and a road surface while investigating road accidents. The above-mentioned method is based on the resultant data of tyre-and-road interworking field tests in case of emergency braking. Such estimation of the magnitude of friction is to be carried out with a focus on the factors affecting the friction processes in the tyreand-road contact. The most important factors, which are included in the synthesized adaptive system used for friction coefficient estimation, have been defined based on the theoretical analysis of the data of deceleration and braking length of motor vehicles. The study of the existing expert methods used for estimating the level of tyre-and-road engagement and the effect of such level on the motional parameters of a motor vehicle has demonstrated the need for upgrading of the existing approaches. Unlike the existing practices, the friction coefficient estimation adaptive system offered by the authors hereof is a self-trainable system. Such system reduces any simulation uncertainty and the probability of occurrence of Type 1 and Type 2 errors. Such result is achieved owing to the fact that the system takes into account the upgraded design of the present-day brake systems and tyres, as well as the speed of motor vehicles and load of their wheels; the system is also efficient because it makes use of the up-to-date mathematical methods which are able to process raw (initial) data under conditions of stochastic and fuzzy uncertainty. The approach offered hereby has demonstrated its efficiency for motor vehicles belonging to categories М1 and N1 and has proven its potential applicability for other categories of motor vehicles.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MEMBAYAR PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR (PKB) DI UNIT PELAYANAN PENDAPATAN PROVINSI (UPPP) KABUPATEN SELUMA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Vivi Yulian Sari ◽  
Neri Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Service Unit ◽  
Scale Method

R.A. Vivi Yulian Sari, Neri Susanti; Factors That Influence Compliance With Taxpayers In Paying Tax On Motor Vehicles In The Province Revenue Service Unit Of Seluma Regency This study aimed to determine the factors that influence taxpayers compliance in paying motor vehicle tax (CLA ) in Unit Revenue Services of Province ( UPPP ) Seluma District. Type of this study is descriptive study. The population in this study is whousedtaxpayermotor vehicleisregisteredinthe Unit RevenueService of Province (UPPP) SelumaDistrict, witha sample of30taxpayer-wheeled motor vehicletwo (2) located atTaisMarket and registered inUnit RevenueService of Province of(UPPP) Seluma Districtin July2013.The data collected by usingquestionnaire. Data analyzed by using rating scale method. Taxpayer perceptions towards tax penalties showed a significant effect on tax compliance in carrying out its obligations to pay motor vehicle tax ( CLA ) , is seen from the position of the respondent's perception of the value of tax penalties perceptions of factors affecting tax compliance in paying taxes on motor vehicles in Unit Revenue Service of Province( UPPP ) Seluma District with the total score of 316 is in the interval 308-381 , agreed criteria.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE AIR TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON FUEL CONSUMPTION OF A PASSENGER CAR CONVERTED TO OPERATE ON LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Roman O. Rekhalov ◽  
◽  
Evgeniy M. Chikishev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Gas Consumption

Due to the rapid growth of environmental pollution from mobile sources, the part of alternative fuels use is increasing. One of these for motor vehicle is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). This study focuses on the LPG use by Mitsubishi Lancer X passenger car in driving conditions. Based on the results of the previous studies analysis, the most significant factors affecting the change in fuel consumption by motor vehicles were identified. It was proved that the decrease in the ambient temperature from +30 to –20 °C leads to an increase in gas consumption from 11.2 to 13.6 l/100 km. In addition, at air temperatures from –20 °C and below, the gas-fueled engine is unstable.

scholarly journals The effects of gear shift indicator usage on fuel efficiency of a motor vehicle

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 707-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Blagojevic ◽  
Goran Vorotovic ◽  
Dragan Stamenkovic ◽  
Nebojsa Petrovic ◽  
Branislav Rakicevic
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gear Shift ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Main Factors

The manner of gear shifting is one of the main factors affecting the fuel efficiency of motor vehicles. Potential savings resulted from optimized gear shifting led to introduction of gear shift indicators in passenger vehicles as an obligation from year 2012. The effects of gear shift indicators usage are still not studied enough. That was the motive for the authors to conduct the experiments to justify their usage, both from the economic and ecological standpoint. The presented results come from the tests conducted on FIAT 500L vehicle to determine the fuel consumption using the new European driving cycle, but for three different gear shift patterns: (1) as defined in UNECE Regulation No. 83, (2) as indicated by vehicle?s gear shift indicator, and (3) based on the average vehicle speed values collected from gear shift indicators of 35 passenger vehicles of different makes, types, and characteristics. Maximum difference in fuel consumption recorded in tests done using three different gear shift patterns is 18.7%.

Investigating Head-On Crash Severity Involving Commercial Motor Vehicles in Kentucky

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110108
Author(s):  
James Smith ◽  
Mehdi Hosseinpour ◽  
Ryan Mains ◽  
Nathanael Hummel ◽  
Kirolos Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Centerline Rumble Strips ◽  
Crash Injuries ◽  
Drug Impairment

This study examines various features affecting the severity associated with commercial motor vehicle (CMV, i.e., large truck and bus) head-on collisions on Kentucky highways. Recent five-year (2015–2019) crash data and variables rarely explored before (e.g., presence of centerline rumble strips, type of passing zone, and terrain type) were collected and prepared using Google Maps. A total of 378 CMV-related head-on collisions were analyzed. The generalized ordered probit (GOP) model was employed to identify the significant factors affecting the severity level resulting from CMV head-on collisions. The model allows the coefficients to vary across the injury severity categories for reliable parameter estimations. From the preliminary investigation, rolling terrains had the highest share of severe CMV head-on crashes (62% and 71% for multilane and two-lane roadways, respectively). The presence of centerline rumble strips could reduce severe crash outcomes along multilane and two-lane facilities. The GOP model identified various significant predictors of minor and severe injuries from CMV head-on crashes. Occupants wearing seatbelt were 39.3% less likely to sustain severe head-on crash injuries. From the roadway characteristics, presence of median cable and concrete barriers could significantly reduce the probability of severe head-on crash injuries, with median cables being more effective. With regard to the driver characteristics, drug impairment and speeding increased the risk of sustaining fatal/serious injuries by 39.5% and 26.4%, respectively. Necessary safety recommendations are proposed to reduce the severity of CMV head-on-related collisions. One example is installing median cable barriers along roadway stretches with a history of head-on CMV-related crashes.

The methodology of experimental research of the feed components extrusion process in order to improve its energy performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
E. M. Ratnikov ◽  
D. O. Milko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Mathematical Planning ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Definition Of

Annotation Purpose. Development of a program and methods for conducting experimental studies of the extrusion process with the definition of parameters and modes of operation of the extruder to improve its energy performance. Methods. Methods of mathematical statistics, synthesis, analysis, description and modeling were used. Results. The application of mathematical methods, in particular mathematical planning, reduces the number of experiments several times, and allows to evaluate the role of influencing factors, obtain a mathematical model of the process and determine the optimal conditions for its parameters and modes, etc. Conclusions. The methodology for experimental studies of a screw extruder is presented with the necessary equipment and methodology for processing the obtained experimental data. A mathematical method of planning, which reduces the number of experiments several times, allows us to evaluate the role of factors affecting productivity and energy intensity is presented. Keywords: extruder, auger, nutrients, research methodology, extrusion, processing, feed.

Complex Solution of Ecological and Economic Problems of Traffic Jams

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Oleksandr M. Matsenko ◽  
Yaroslav S. Kovalev ◽  
Olena M. Tkachenko ◽  
Yaroslava V. Chorna
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Flows Over Time

The article explores the congestion level in traffic of motor vehicles and its negative environmental and economic consequences in case of Kiev. The amount of pollution from traffic jams in Kiev and the number of vehicles which got into them in 2009-2018 is analyzed. The loss of earnings on the side of automobile owners from their standby are calculated with corresponding quantitative expressions found and described. For the course of the research, the methods of system-structural and comparative analysis were used for analyzing the environmental and economic problems of modern automobile systems; methods of formal logical analysis were used for substantiating the innovative infrastructure of transport routes. Separately economic and statistical methods were used in the study for trends development, structure analysis, and estimation of the influence of road congestion on the environmental and economic sphere. Pearson test has indicated a close relationship between the number of cars in Kiev and the number of values from traffic jams in environmental and economic sphere. Solutions to this problem are offered in forms of automated traffic control systems, improvisation of organizational and technical methods for the distribution of traffic flows over time, namely reverse traffic, road junctions, smart traffic lights, road extension, and the transition to alternative modes of transport. In all countries of the world there are new research methods that affect pollutants from motor vehicles. It is proved that they are forced by the recipients. In addition, landscaping can improve landscape design, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, surface water runoff and noise pollution. In this regard the policy implication of the research are aimed to eliminate the negative consequences from the use of vehicles during traffic jams, and the necessary number of trees for planting in Kiev is calculated. Key words: motor transport, congestion, traffic jam, motor vehicle, greening, compensation effect, lost profits, losses.

Auditory Icons as Impending Collision System Warning Signals in Commercial Motor Vehicles

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Belz ◽  
Gary S. Robinson ◽  
John G. Casali
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Collision System ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Side Collision ◽  
Simulated Driving Task

This simulator-based study examined the use of conventional auditory warnings (tonal, non-verbal sounds) and auditory icons (representational, non-verbal sounds), alone and in combination with a dash-mounted visual display to warn commercial motor vehicle operators of impending front-to-rear and side collision situations. Driver performance was measured in the simulated driving task via brake response time in the front-to-rear collision scenarios and via a count of accident occurrence in the side collision scenarios. For both front-to-rear and side collision scenarios, auditory icons elicited significantly improved driver performance over conventional auditory warnings. Driver performance improved when collision warning information was presented through multiple modalities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document