scholarly journals EARTHWORM COMMUNITIES (OLIGOCHAETA, LUMBRICIDAE) OF PINE FORESTS AND SMALL FOLIAGE FORESTS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OB’ REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
S.A. Ermolov ◽  

Earthworms form an essential group of soil macrofauna that performs a number of ecosystem functions in forests. Studies of the species composition and population density of earthworms were conducted in many regions of Russia; however, the fauna of Lumbricidae of Novosibirsk area remained unexplored for a long time. The objective of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of earthworm population in coniferous and small foliage forests of the forest-steppe Ob region (Novosibirsk area) and to identify the correlation between the fauna composition and the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil. The study was conducted in pine forests and birch-aspen forests. The main method of registration was layer-by-layer excavation of soil with hand sorting of soil samples and analysis of forest deadwood. Some soil parameters were also measured. Data of the species composition and population density of earthworms for each habitat are given. The studied habitats were classified according to the ratio of the earthworm living forms. It was found that soil humidity is the most significant factor for the group of epigeiс and epi-endogeiс species. The diversity of epigeiс and epi-endogeiс earthworm species in forests is largely supported by deadwood. The Asian subspecies Eisenia nordenskioldi nordenskioldi was subjected to morphometric analysis confirming its characteristic polymorphism.

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>


Author(s):  
А.В. Терешкин ◽  
А.Л. Калмыкова ◽  
Т.А. Андрушко

Вертикальное озеленение с участием различных видов лиан в современных условиях имеет важное эстетическое и санитарно-гигиеническое значение. Особо актуально решение вопросов обогащения флоры городских территорий лианами в степных районах в связи с бедным видовым составом и резким ухудшением экологической ситуации. Объектами исследований являлись 7 видов лиан, различных жизненных форм (однолетние, многолетние), произрастающие в населенных пунктах Саратовской области (Аткарск, Саратов). Цель исследований – изучение эколого-биологических особенностей и мелиоративных свойств лиан и выявление перспектив их использования в вертикальном озеленении селитебных территорий Саратовской области. В ходе исследования видового состава, были выявлены наиболее популярные виды однолетних лиан: ипомея красно-голубая (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) и ипомея пурпурная (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), горошек душистый (Lathyrus edoratus L.), настурция (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) и фасоль огненно-красная (Phaseolus coccineus). Большинство (70%) из них произрастают в местах ограниченного пользования. Изученные виды лиан в исследуемых регионах достигают средних природных показателей (при наличии надлежащего ухода), обладают хорошими показателями жизненного состояния, обильно цветут и плодоносят. При воздействии токсикантами различной концентрации на листовые пластинки лиан установлено их степень устойчивости. Выявлено, что однолетние лианы лучше использовать в декоративных целях, а не в санитарно-гигиенических. Сравнительная оценка однолетних видов с многолетними лианами (девичий виноград пятилисточковый и клематис тангутский) показывает устойчивость многолетних видов (в среднем на 3 балла - 40%). Разработаны варианты декоративных композиций с участием травянистых лиан. По степени декоративности выделены однолетние лианы – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 балл), средней степенью отличаются – Lathyrus edoratus (33 балла), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 баллов) и Phaseolus coccineus (20 – 27 баллов). Преимущество многолетних лиан заключается в их устойчивости к резким изменениям климатических условий (на 40 %) по сравнению с однолетними формами. Поэтому они более предпочтительны для озеленения городской среды. Для усиления декоративного эффекта в сезонном аспекте рекомендуются сочетать расширение видового и формового разнообразия растений (многолетние и однолетние лианы, древесно-кустарниковая, цветочная растительность). Установлено, что природно-климатические условия зоны степи и лесостепи в пределах Саратовской области являются достаточно благоприятными для нормального роста и развития древесно-кустарниковой растительности, в том числе травянистых лиан. Таким образом, обоснованное применение древесных лиан в комплексе с традиционными видами насаждений позволит создать комфортные условия проживания населения, регулировать оптимальный температурный баланс и создавать благоприятные микроклиматические условия. Vertical gardening with different types of vines in modern conditions is important aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic value. It is especially important to address the issues of enrichment of the flora of urban areas with vines in the steppe regions due to poor species composition and a sharp deterioration of the ecological situation. The objects of research were 7 species of lianas, various life forms (annual, perennial), growing in the settlements of the Saratov region (Atkarsk, Saratov). The aim of the research is to study the ecological and biological features and reclamation properties of vines and identify the prospects for their use in vertical gardening residential areas of the Saratov region. In the study, species composition was the most popular species of annual vines: morning glory red-blue (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) and purple morning glory (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), the fragrant pea (Lathyrus edoratus L.), nasturtium (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) and runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus). Most (70%) of them grow in restricted areas. Studied species of vines in the study regions reach average natural performance (with proper care), have good indicators of vital condition, bloom abundantly and bear fruit. When exposed to toxicants of different concentrations on the leaf blades of vines established their degree of stability. It was revealed that the annual vines are better used for decorative purposes, and not in the sanitary-hygienic. A comparative assessment of annual species with perennial vines (maiden grapes and clematis Tangut) shows the stability of perennial species (an average of 3 points-40%). The options and decorative compositions with the participation of herbaceous vines. According to the degree of decoration of the allocated annual vine – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 points), the average degree of differ – Lathyrus edoratus (33 points), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 points) and Phaseolus coccineus (20 to 27 points). The advantage of perennial vines is their resistance to sudden changes in climatic conditions (40 %) compared to annual forms. Therefore, they are more preferable for greening the urban environment. To enhance the decorative effect in the seasonal aspect, it is recommended to combine the expansion of species and form diversity of plants (perennial and annual lianas, tree and shrub, floral vegetation). It is established that the climatic conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zone within the Saratov region are quite favorable for the normal growth and development of tree and shrub vegetation, including herbaceous lianas. Thus, the reasonable use of wood vines in combination with traditional types of plantings will create comfortable living conditions for the population, regulate the optimal temperature balance and create favorable microclimatic conditions.


Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Jaehyun Lee ◽  
Mincheol Kim ◽  
Naeeung Lee ◽  
Hyungdong Lee ◽  
...  

The macroscopic assembly of two-dimensional materials into a laminar structure has received considerable attention because it improves both the mechanical and chemical properties of the original materials. However, conventional manufacturing methods have certain limitations in that they require a high temperature process, use toxic solvents, and are considerably time consuming. Here, we present a new system for the self-assembly of layer-by-layer (LBL) graphene oxide (GO) via an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing technique. During printing, the orientation of GO flakes can be controlled by the velocity distribution of liquid jet and electric field-induced alignment spontaneously. Closely-packed GO patterns with an ordered laminar structure can be rapidly realized using an interfacial assembly process on the substrates. The surface roughness and electrical conductivity of the LBL structure were significantly improved compared with conventional dispensing methods. We further applied this technique to fabricate a reduced graphene oxide (r-GO)-based supercapacitor and a three-dimensional (3D) metallic grid hybrid ammonia sensor. We present the EHD-assisted assembly of laminar r-GO structures as a new platform for preparing high-performance energy storage devices and sensors.


2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 1673-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias G. Westphal ◽  
António Sergio Pouzada ◽  
Gean V. Salmoria ◽  
Carlos H. Ahrens

Stereolithography is a rapid manufacturing process that builds objects layer-by-layer based on the photo polymerization of a liquid resin. Due to the good geometric precision, this process has been used in Rapid Tooling for injection moulding. These tools are suitable for the production of short runs of parts and prototypes, where without resorting to the manufacture of a conventional metallic mould. The mechanical and thermal properties of the stereolitography resins, used in the manufacture of hybrid moulds, differ substantially from those of the conventional metallic materials. Particularly they must be known for guaranteeing the structural integrity and the thermal performance of the mould. Also the chemistry behaviour of the resin in contact with the polymer is important when tribological aspects are involved, especially during the ejection of the moulding. In this work, the behaviour of hybrid moulds with SL Vantico 5260 resin moulding cores was assessed. Several thermoplastics (iPP, ABS, PET and PA 6.6) were moulded, and their mechanical, thermal and chemical properties considered and related to the performance of the moulding process. Also, the friction properties of the SL resin in contact with the moulded thermoplastic in moulding conditions were observed and considered in the context of the performance of hybrid moulds.


Author(s):  
Rushil Pingali ◽  
Sourabh K. Saha

Abstract Two-photon lithography (TPL) is a polymerization-based direct laser writing process that is capable of fabricating arbitrarily complex three-dimensional (3D) structures with submicron features. Traditional TPL techniques have limited scalability due to the slow point-by-point serial writing scheme. The femtosecond projection TPL (FP-TPL) technique increases printing rate by a thousand times by enabling layer-by-layer parallelization. However, parallelization alters the time and the length scales of the underlying polymerization process. It is therefore challenging to apply the models of serial TPL to accurately predict process outcome during FP-TPL. To solve this problem, we have generated a finite element model of the polymerization process on the time and length scales relevant to FP-TPL. The model is based on the reaction-diffusion mechanism that underlies polymerization. We have applied this model to predict the geometry of nanowires printed under a variety of conditions and compared these predictions against empirical data. Our model accurately predicts the nanowire widths. However, accuracy of aspect ratio prediction is hindered by uncertain values of the chemical properties of the photopolymer. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that the reaction-diffusion model can accurately capture the effect of controllable parameters on FP-TPL process outcome and can therefore be used for process control and optimization.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-44
Author(s):  
Dinesh Khadka ◽  
Sushil Lamichhane ◽  
Amit P Timilsina ◽  
Bandhu R Baral ◽  
Kamal Sah ◽  
...  

Soil pit digging and their precise study is a decision making tool to assess history and future of soil management of a particular area. Thus, the present study was carried out to differentiate soil physico-chemical properties in the different layers of excavated pit of the National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Eight pits were dug randomly from three blocks at a depth of 0 to 100 cm. The soil parameters were determined in-situ, and in laboratory for texture, pH, OM, N, P (as P2O5), K (as K2O), Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn of collected soils samples of different layers following standard analytical methods at Soil Science Division, Khumaltar. The result revealed that soil structure was sub-angular in majority of the layers, whereas bottom layer was single grained. The value and chrome of colour was increasing in order from surface to bottom in the majority pits. Similarly, the texture was sandy loam in majority layers of the pits. Moreover, four types of consistence (loose to firm) were observed. Furthermore, mottles and gravels were absent in the majority layers. Likewise, soil was very to moderately acidic in observed layers of majority pits, except bottom layer of agronomy block was slightly acidic. Regarding fertility parameters (OM, macro and micronutrients), some were increasing and vice-versa, while others were intermittent also. Therefore, a single layer is not dominant for particular soil physico-chemical parameters in the farm. In overall, surface layer is more fertile than rest of the layers in all the pits.     


Author(s):  
V. P. Tkach ◽  
O. V. Kobets ◽  
M. G. Rumiantsev

The forest site capacity using was quantitatively assessed for the stands of the main forest-forming species of Ukraine, Scots pine and common oak, taking into account natural zones and forest types. The tables of productivity of modal and highly productive pine and oak stands have been developed. It has been found that the stands use an average of 50–75 % of the forest site capacity of lands. The average weighted value of the capacity used by pine forests was 68–76 % in the Polissya zone, 70–78 % and 68–73 % in the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively, and 54–78 % in the Steppe zone. For oak stands, the value was 71–75 % and 63–71 % for the Right-bank and Left-bank Forest-Steppe zones respectively and 65–75 % for the Steppe zone. The basis for increasing the productivity of forests was confirmed to be the differentiation of forest management systems and individual forestry activities on a zonal and typological basis.


Author(s):  
Nina F. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
Elena S. Klushevskaya ◽  
Elena Yu. Amineva

Forest steppe of the Central Chernozem Region (CCR) of Russia belongs to the zone of highly productive pine forests. In 2015, for the first time a partial destabilization of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was recorded within the territory of the CCR. It affected the population, organism and cellular levels of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The destabilization was caused by the 8-year heatwave of 2007–2014 followed by a sharp drop in the water table and four severe droughts (2007, 2010, 2012, and 2014). The analysis was carried out on two sites of pine forest plantations growing in the environmentally sound region: the Stupino test site (Voronezh region, typical plantation for the CCR) and the Usman site (Lipetsk region, lands with elevated groundwater level). The results of morphological, cytogenetic and biochemical studies of model trees of the Stupino test site during the following periods are presented: 4 optimal years in terms of weather conditions, 2014 drought year and 2015 destabilization year. It was found that prolonged hydrothermal stress resulted in the transition of pine from the basic equilibrium state to a slightly nonequilibrium state. The trigger mechanism for changing their vital state was a severe autumn soil drought in 2014, after which the plants became weakened right before winter. A decrease in cone bioproductivity by the traits of seed fullness and the total number of seeds per cone, a change in population sampling structure, an increase in the number of mitosis pathologies, and an increase in proline content in needles were observed despite optimal weather conditions in 2015. The recovery of species was studied for three subsequent optimal years on the example of the Stupino and Usman populations. Experimental data indicate that the processes of vital state normalization involve profound changes in metabolism and require certain energy expenditures. It took the Stupino population longer to return to the regional norm, which indicates a different depth of destabilization of the tree genetic material of the studied populations. For citation: Kuznetsova N.F., Klushevskaya E.S, Amineva E.Yu. Highly Productive Pine Forests in a Changing Climate. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 9–23. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-9-23


Author(s):  
Pavlo Kucher ◽  
Ivan Voloshyn ◽  
Andrii Kukhtiy

The article highlights the features of conducting soil excursion cognitive routes. We have proposed a comprehensive cognitive route for tourists of various degrees of educational level: schoolchildren and students of natural sciences. For each type of tourists, according to their wishes, information on natural features, soil cover and other excursion facilities are provided. Complex excursions are offered to attract more tourists. It is proposed to include in excursion routes: monuments and memorable places, architectural, archaeological, historical, sacral, museum and other valuable tourist objects. The excursion route in the Volyn region consists of eight soil study areas, where information is provided on the natural soil conditions, the most common types of soils, including gray forest soils, typical chernozems, sod-podzolic soils, peat soils and peat bogs. Two soils study areas are located on the forest-steppe area, where information on the main types of soils, their granulometric composition, and chemical properties are highlighted. The third-eighth field is laid within Volyn Polissya. Based on the study of the features of soil distribution, a soil-cognitive tourism route within the limits of the Forest-steppe and Volyn Polissya has been developed. The tour consists of information on the natural features of this territory, which testify to the conditions of the soil-forming processes, depending on the characteristics of natural conditions. During the soil study route, the peculiarities of distribution of the main types of soils and soil-forming rocks are highlighted. A table is prepared, in which a brief description of all types of soils found on the route and interesting tourist objects is located. Key words: soil, soil science cognitive field, tourist object, soil science route.


2019 ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
Pavel Verheles ◽  
Natalya Pinchuk ◽  
Tatyana Kovalenko

The results of study of dynamics of quantity of the American white butterfly are reflected in the article, taking into account chronology of population density of districts of area. It is indicated on actuality of problematiki of adjusting of this dangerous quarantine wrecker, taking into account his harmfulness and wide specialization. The results of statistical account of quantity of wrecker are generalized as a quarantine object in the cut of districts of the Winnitca area. The division of character of settling of territory a wrecker is conducted in the variants of private land-tenure and different economies. On the basis of own researches the feed natural base of wrecker is appraised at the level of region and conclusions are done about the prospects of growth of his quantity in default of quarantine measures. The stages of development of wrecker are in detail analysed and confronted with the proper stages characteristic in general under conditions of the right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The conclusions about the general aspects of prevalence of wrecker and separate factors of optimization of defence of the fruit planting at the level of area awas done.


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