The Acute Effect of a Walnut Intervention on Cognitive Performance , Brain Activation, and Serum Markers of Inflammation in Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

scholarly journals Are acute sitting-induced changes in inflammation and cerebrovascular function related to impaired mood and cognition?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie E. Carter ◽  
Richard Draijer ◽  
Claire E. Stewart ◽  
Andy D. Moss ◽  
Dick H. J. Thijssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Function ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reactivity ◽  
Mood And Cognition ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract Purpose Sedentary behaviour is negatively associated with mood and cognition, yet how acute sitting contributes to these overall associations is unknown. Since sitting heightens inflammation and impairs cerebrovascular function, this study investigated the hypothesis that these sitting-induced changes are related to impaired mood and cognition. Methods Twenty-five healthy desk workers (18 male, 28.3 ± 7.5 years, BMI: 24.2 ± 3.3 kg∙m−2) were recruited. During laboratory visit one, participants were familiarised with cognitive performance tests measuring executive function, attention and working memory. During laboratory visit two, participants completed 6 h of continuous, uninterrupted sitting. At baseline and after 6 h, serum markers of inflammation, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv), cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity (CVR), dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA), cognitive performance and mood (positive and negative affect, alert, contented and calm) were assessed. Data were analysed using paired-samples t tests and correlation analyses. Results Following sitting, C-reactive protein (∆-1.0 µg/ml) and tissue plasminogen activator (∆-360.4 pg/ml) decreased (p < 0.05), MCAv reduced (∆-2.9 cm∙s−1, p = 0.012) and normalised gain increased in the very low frequency range, indicating impaired CA (∆ + 0.22%·mmHg−1, p = 0.016). Positive affect (∆-4.6, p < 0.001), and alert (∆-10.6 p = 0.002) and contented (∆-7.4, p = 0.006) mood states also decreased following sitting. No significant changes in interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, von Willebrand factor, CVR or cognitive performance were observed (p > 0.05). The observed changes in inflammation and cerebrovascular function were not related to changes in mood (p > 0.05). Conclusion Alterations in inflammation or cerebrovascular function following six hours of prolonged, uninterrupted sitting are not related to the observed reductions in mood, indicating other mechanisms underlie the relationship between acute sitting and mood disturbances.

Cognitive Performance Predicting fMRI Brain Activation in Healthy Adults

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowena G. Gomez ◽  
Jennifer Keller ◽  
Linda J. Trettin ◽  
Andrea Che ◽  
Eric S. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Healthy Adults

scholarly journals The long-term associations between parental behaviors, cognitive function and brain activation in adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orwa Dandash ◽  
Nicolas Cherbuin ◽  
Orli Schwartz ◽  
Nicholas B. Allen ◽  
Sarah Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Fmri Study

AbstractParenting behavior has a vital role in the development of the brain and cognitive abilities of offspring throughout childhood and adolescence. While positive and aggressive parenting behavior have been suggested to impact neurobiology in the form of abnormal brain activation in adolescents, little work has investigated the links between parenting behavior and the neurobiological correlates of cognitive performance during this age period. In the current longitudinal fMRI study, associations between parenting behaviors and cognitive performance and brain activation across mid- and late-adolescence were assessed. Observed measures of maternal aggressive and positive behavior were recorded in early adolescence (12 years) and correlated with fMRI activation and in-scanner behavioral scores on the multi-source interference task (MSIT) during mid- (16 years; 95 participants) and late-adolescence (19 years; 75 participants). There was a significant reduction in inhibitory-control-related brain activation in posterior parietal and cingulate cortices as participants transitioned from mid- to late-adolescence. Positive maternal behavior in early-adolescence was associated with lower activation in the left parietal and DLPFC during the MSIT in mid-adolescence, whereas maternal aggressive behavior was associated with longer reaction time to incongruent trials in late-adolescence. The study supports the notion that maternal behavior may influence subsequent neurocognitive development during adolescence.

scholarly journals Effect of Cocoa and Cocoa Products on Cognitive Performance in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3691
Author(s):  
María Angeles Martín ◽  
Luis Goya ◽  
Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Cocoa Products ◽  
Cocoa Flavanols

Increasing evidence support a beneficial role of cocoa and cocoa products on human cognition, particularly in aging populations and patients at risk. However, thorough reviews on the efficacy of cocoa on brain processes in young adults do not exist precisely due to the limited number of studies in the matter. Thus, the aim of this study was to summarize the findings on the acute and chronic effects of cocoa administration on cognitive functions and brain health in young adults. Web of Science and PubMed databases were used to search for relevant trials. Human randomized controlled studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines. Eleven intervention studies that involved a total of 366 participants investigating the role of cocoa on cognitive performance in children and young adults (average age ≤25 years old) were finally selected. Findings from individual studies confirm that acute and chronic cocoa intake have a positive effect on several cognitive outcomes. After acute consumption, these beneficial effects seem to be accompanied with an increase in cerebral blood flow or cerebral blood oxygenation. After chronic intake of cocoa flavanols in young adults, a better cognitive performance was found together with increased levels of neurotrophins. This systematic review further supports the beneficial effect of cocoa flavanols on cognitive function and neuroplasticity and indicates that such benefits are possible in early adulthood.

Circulating progenitor cells in patients with atrial fibrillation and their relation with serum markers of inflammation and angiogenesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (08) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Blann ◽  
Timothy Watson ◽  
Eduard Shantsila ◽  
Gregory Lip
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Soluble Fas ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Summary The pathophysiological inter-relationships and underlying ‘drivers’ of a prothrombotic state in atrial fibrillation (AF) are complex but may include endothelial abnormalities. Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) have been recently described as a cell population that may promote repair of endothelial damage. We hypothesised abnormalities in this cell population, alongside abnormal markers of endothelial damage/dysfunction (von Willebrand factor, soluble E-selectin), apoptosis (soluble Fas, soluble Fas ligand), angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor) and inflammation (interleukin-6) in 135 consecutive AF patients (14 with lone AF), who were compared to 33 ‘disease controls’ and 13 healthy controls. We also explored whether restoration of sinus rhythm would alter these indices. No significant differences in research indices were observed between AF and disease controls, apart from soluble Fas levels (p<0.001). Median CPC levels in lone AF were higher compared to ‘non-lone AF’ (that is, AF patients with co-morbidities) [p<0.001], apparently because of difference in age and presence of co-morbidities. There was an increase in CPC counts (p=0.007), but in not other markers following DC cardioversion. CPCs increased significantly in the 17 patients who were successfully cardioverted into sinus rhythm (p=0.003). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, age (p=0.014), hyperlipidaemia (p=0.001) and use of statins (but not AF) was predictive of CPC counts (p=0.014). In conclusion, AF is unlikely to be independently associated with abnormalities in CPCs. Successful cardioversion is associated with a modest but significant increase in CPCs.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Different Multivitamin Mineral Preparations with and without Guaraná on Mood, Cognitive Performance and Functional Brain Activation

Nutrients ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3589-3604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scholey ◽  
Isabelle Bauer ◽  
Chris Neale ◽  
Karen Savage ◽  
David Camfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Functional Brain

THE POSSIBILITY OF LINKING SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED NEUROCOGNITIVE PLASTICITY: CAN COGNITIVE TRAINING INFLUENCE COMPENSATORY BRAIN ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS? THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PREMISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-523
Author(s):  
Ludmiła Zając-Lamparska
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theory Of Aging

One of the most important determinants of successful aging is cognitive ability. Although cognitive decline is a well-documented phenomenon characteristic of aging, it is acknowledged that aging can also be related to cognitive neuroplasticity that allows one to compensate the decline and adapt to it. Cognitive neuroplasticity may be spontaneous or induced by external influences. An example of the former is compensatory brain activity in older adults, and the latter – improvement in cognitive functioning under the influence of cognitive training. Both the compensatory brain activity of older adults and the effectiveness of cognitive training in this age group have already been extensively studied. However, it has not yet been examined whether they can be linked. The article indicates theoretical and empirical premises for the possibility of influencing compensatory brain activity in older adults by cognitive training. In the most comprehensive way the phenomenon of compensatory brain activity in older adults is addressed by the STAC model – the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition, which also provides the theoretical grounds for the possible impact of cognitive training on compensatory brain activity. There are also empirical arguments in favour of such an impact, but they are quite limited in nature. The reason for this is the lack of research directly addressing the problem of the consistency of brain activity changes resulting from cognitive training with the assumptions of compensatory brain activity models, such as STAC. The theoretical grounds for the linkage of compensatory brain activity in older adults with the influence of cognitive training are clear. However, the analysis of the studies discussed in the article suggests that failing to embed the study design within the theoretical framework of compensatory brain activity in older adults may lead to the exclusion of factors important in drawing conclusions about this phenomenon. The following elements of the study design were identified as necessary to include: participation of young adults in the study as a reference group, usage of tasks in different difficulty levels during the measurement of brain activity and consideration of the relation between brain activity and cognitive performance, and comparison of brain activity in relation to cognitive performance before and after training in both, older and young adults.

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