scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity of parsnip varieties in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
O. O. Komar ◽  
◽  
O. V. Shemetun ◽  
V. O. Komar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
High Area ◽  
The Right

Due to the intensification of production of parsnip, the question arises to clarify the elements of cultivation technology that should ensure its high productivity. The use of varietal plant resources is one of the most important parts of agriculture - the basis of economic and social development of the state. The most efficient and cost-effective is the widespread introduction of new varieties and hybrids with a genetically determined level of adaptation to the conditions of soil and climatic zones of their cultivation. The indicator of the dynamics of the formation of photosynthetic productivity is the basis of the yield of each crop. The purpose of the research was to study the dynamics of leaf surface formation in varieties of parsnip in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The studied cultivars of parsnip sowing formed a high area of active assimilation surface, the dynamics of which depends on the stage of organogenesis, soil and climatic conditions of the year and varietal characteristics. With the highest average for the growing season leaf area (49.0-49.6 thousand m2 on ha), photosynthetic potential (1.79-1.83 million m2 per day on ha) and net productivity of photosynthesis - 5.56 g on m2 per day) were characterized by varieties Stymul and Pulse in terms of other varieties. It is established that in order to obtain stably high yield (44.4-45.4 t on ha) and marketability of root crops (85-93%) in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine it is necessary to sow highly productive varieties of parsnip sowing Stymul and Pulse.

Influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R.O. Myalkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
The Right

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha. Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.

scholarly journals The economically and valuable feature of selection number of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the condition of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 210-219
Author(s):  
M. A. Makarchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
National University ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Chickpeas are a valuable legume and drought-resistant crop. In conditions of climate change, it ensures the formation of a sufficiently high yield, which increases the interest of agricultural producers in growing crops. However, the presence of genetically determined plant protection (pubescence of plants and pod, which contain oxalic, malic and citric acids) from some pests makes it possible to grow environmentally friendly products, which consequently reduces the need to use plant protection chemicals. Field experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the Uman National University of Horticulture in the soil and climatic conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. To determine the selection value of collection varieties samples of domestic selection were grown. It should be noted that plants react significantly to extreme conditions (temperature and amount of precipitation) of cultivation precisely in the period from gathering to flowering. It is during this period of time that excess moisture leads to shedding of flowers and, as a result, to a decrease in yield. The meteorological conditions for growing crops, which are expressed in the duration of both the growing season as a whole and its individual phases, have a significant effect on the length of the growing season. And so, according to our data, it was revealed that the difference in the duration of the growing season of the studied selection samples in comparison with the standard was small and ranged from 3 to 5 days. The main indicator of adaptability to mechanized harvesting is the attachment height of the lower pod. It depends on the height of the plant itself and the shape of the bush that the culture forms. On the basis of average, it was revealed that the studied selection samples belong to tall plants, while the indicator of the attachment height of the lower pod, the Triumph standard had a high attachment of pod, two samples – moderate, which indicates the possibility of mechanized harvesting, while samples 230 and 210 – low. As a result of comparison of the obtained data on the yield of selection samples, their significant reaction to the growing conditions was revealed. Analysis of the average data helps to specify that the highest yield in the conditions of both 2019 and 2020 was provided by selection samples 180 (morphotype desi), while the lowest yield, but also within the standard, was found in sample 160 (morphotype gulabi)

scholarly journals High Productivity Ethanol Fermentation of Glucose & Xylose Using Membrane Assisted Continuous Cell Recycle

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Gautam Degweker ◽  
Arvind Lali
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Continuous Fermentation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Cell Recycle ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
Cell Densities

Rapid and high yield conversion of xylose to ethanol remains a signi cant bottleneck in the cost-effective production of ethanol using mixed sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass (LBM). The present study attempts to circumvent this by separate continuous fermentation of glucose and xylose using high cell densities of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant (ICT-1) and a Scheffersomyces stipitis mutant (M1CD), respectively with the help of external micro ltration membrane assisted cell recycle. Different cell densities and aeration rates for xylose fermentation were studied for optimizing continuous fermentation. Consistent high ethanol yields and productivities of 0.46 g/g and 5.19 g/L/h with glucose; and 0.38 g/g and 1.62 g/L/h with xylose; were achieved in simple media. This provided an average ethanol yield of 0.44 g/g on combined sugars, and average productivity of 3.4 g/L/h which is higher than typical molasses-based batch ethanol fermentation. The study thus highlights the potential of high cell density recycle strategy as an effective approach for separate ethanol fermentation of LBM derived sugars.

scholarly journals Identification of the photosynthetic potential of spring oat varieties in the Lower Volga Re-gion

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Nina Alekseevna Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential

In 2017-2019, in the agro-climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region, the experience of studying spring oat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin from the world collection of VIR was laid, in order to determine their photosynthetic potential, and to identify varieties with high photosynthetic productivity. Over the years of research, the most adapted varieties of this crop were selected, their photosynthetic potential was determined, and the intensity of photosynthesis during the reproductive period of development (during the main growth phases) of spring oats in the conditions of the Lower Volga region was analyzed. On average, for 3 years of studying the collection varieties of spring oats in terms of the net productivity of photosynthesis, samples were noted: Myrtle, Athlete, Urs guara, Urs penca, p. 1. 3326 It was determined that with the growth of (FP) and (BPF), the yield of oats also increased. Since this indicator directly depends on the physiological and bioclimatic processes occurring in plants during ontogenesis. In the highest yield in 2017, it varied from 0.66 to 2.01 / ha. In 2018, the minimum yield values for all varieties were obtained from 0.51 t / ha of the Dookie 10 variety to 1.78 t / ha of the Mir variety. In the conditions of 2019, the yield variability by variety was from 0.60 t / ha to 1.94 t / ha. Thus, out of the 8 studied varieties, 5 were identified - p.1. 3326, Guara Urs, Urs foam, Athlete, Myrtle, as highly productive, and therefore the most resistant to abiotic stresses of the conditions of the Lower Volga region.

scholarly journals Influence of technological methods of growing on the anatomy-morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat in conditions of the right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

1970 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
V.A. Mazur ◽  
H.V. Pantsyreva ◽  
Y.M. Kopytchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
The Right

Purpose. Study of the anatomical and morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat hybrids depending on fertilization backgrounds and seeding rates in agrocenoses of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods. Observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, forecast, field experiment. Results. The study of the dynamics of formation and functioning of the anatomical and morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat plants was carried out. The influence of the background without fertilizers and against the background of their increased level of application on the length of internodes (1-3) of stems in winter wheat agrocenoses was studied. It has been proven that seeding rates significantly influenced the length of the internodes. The influence of the background of mineral nutrition and seeding rates on the main anatomical and morphological parameters of winter wheat stems, in particular, the thickness of the stem and ring of mechanical tissue, the number and diameter of vascular-fibrous bundles was studied. It was found that the strength of the straw is largely determined by the number of vascular-fibrous bundles, as well as their diameter. It was the biggest on the variants with the increased fertilization background. It is noted that anatomical and morphological studies are needed in order to ensure the development of a more durable straw, which determines high resistance to lodging at a seeding rate of 3 and 1.5 million seeds/ha. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was found that the soil and climatic conditions of the years of the study and the factors that were studied have a direct influence on the anatomical and morphological parameters of wheet. At the same time, the best conditions for the maximum realization of the potential of the Patros hybrid of winter wheat plants were created in the experimental variants with a seeding rate of 3 and 1.5 million seeds/ha, ensuring the development of a more durable straw, which led to a high resistance to lodging.

scholarly journals Potato productivity depending on variety specialties under cultivating in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
M. Ostrenko ◽  
L. Pravdyva ◽  
Yu. Fedoruk ◽  
M. Grabovskiy ◽  
S. Pravdyvyi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Increase

In terms of geographical distribution and consumption, potatoes occupy one of the leading positions in the structure of food production in Ukraine. It is also used extensively as animal feed. The versatility of use in diff erent sectors of the economy with potatoes cannot be compared to any crop. Potato is of great importance as a raw material for the production of starch, sugar, molasses, alcohol, glucose and etc. A signifi cant reduction in the commodity production of food potatoe in farms is related to the solution a whole complex of important issues, in particular seed production, agro-technology of cultivation, application of highly eff ective pesticides, availability of agricultural machinery and material-technical support. The difficult ecological and energy situation in modern agriculture proves that it is possible to obtain high and stable yields of all crops only if there are varieties in production adapted to diff erent soil and climatic conditions. Variety is one of the important factors of yield stability and fi xed assets of agricultural production. A variety, as a genotype or a set of very close genotypes, exists in a specific environment and, moreover, interacts with it, encountering complex communication, intensity and time of manifestation, abiotic and biotic factors. At the same time, a connection is established between a variety and an environment that infl uences the formation and manifestation of morphological, economic and biological characters. The aim of the research was to study the growth, development and yield of early ripe potato varieties in the rightbank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The article presents the results of studies on the cultivation of early ripe varieties of potatoes. Namely, the germination and survival of potato plants was studied, which amounted to 89.5 and 87.3 % in the Skarbnytsa variety, 90.2 and 88.7 % in the Shchedryk variety, and 88.6 and 86.5 % in the Dnipryanka variety; the number of formed stems per plant is calculated, which is 3.3 in the Skarbnytsa variety, 3.6 in the Shchedryk variety and 2.7 in the Dniprianka variety. The dynamics of the mass increase and the fractional composition of potato tubers are shown. On average, during the research, the average weight of tubers from the bush was high for the Shchedryk variety and amounted to 616.2 g, somewhat less than those for the Skarbnytsa (484,5 g) and Dniprianka (397,8 g) varieties. It was established that the Shchedryk variety had the highest potato productivity in the experiment – 250.3 c/ha, in the Skarbnytsa and Dnipryanka varieties, the yield was 210.0 and 201.2 c/ha, respectively. Key words: potato, varieties, plant survival, tubers weight, productivity.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL APPROVALS OF SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Mihaylo Polishuk ◽  
Ruslan Antko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
The Right

The article presents the effectiveness of the influence of certain agrotechnical components of the technology of growing wheat wheat in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The positive influence of application of foliar fertilization of crops is shown. The prospects of using the complex application of intensification elements are determined. It has been established that the optimization of the mode of power provides a more complete disclosure of the resource potential of plants, which increases yields. Reindeer nutrition should be considered as an element of supplementation to the soil nutrition system, primarily due to the fact that plants are able to absorb nutrients through the leaf surface only in limited quantities, with excess concentration of which possible burns or intoxication of plants. The use of foliar feeding on the background of the main fertilizer has been found to have a positive effect on productivity and quality. The role of the plant nutrition system, which allows to control the formation of grain productivity of spring wheat crops, is substantiated. It has been found that the optimization of the nutrition regime provides a fuller disclosure of the resource potential of the plants, thereby increasing the yield. Nutrition optimization provides more complete disclosure of plant resource potential, thereby increasing yields. It is determined that under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the level of spring wheat yield is largely determined by the amount of rainfall that has fallen during the growing season. By optimizing the wheat's nutritional conditions, its productivity increases substantially, regardless of weather and climatic conditions. The use of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen in combination with phosphorus and potassium, can significantly improve the nutritional regime of the soil. The available nutrients of the plant are provided as a result of the mineralization of organic compounds by soil microorganisms and the transition of soluble mineral substances into solubility. This creates a more favorable environment for the growth and development of plants and for maintaining high soil fertility. At the end of the spring wheat vegetation, there was a redistribution of nitric and ammoniacal forms of nitrogen. It is advisable to continue research in this area and to deepen in connection with the emergence of new varieties, preparations and changes in climatic and soil conditions. Key words: spring wheat, yield, variety, sowing dates, seeding rate.

scholarly journals Application of Introduced Representatives of Lonicera pileata Oliv. in Landscaping of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Varlashchenko ◽  
Anatolii Balabak ◽  
Valentyna Mamchur ◽  
Valentyn Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Evergreen Shrubs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Artistic Image ◽  
Ornamental Shrub ◽  
Landscape Gardening

This article deals with the possibilities to introduce the ornamental shrub Lonicera pileata Oliv. belonging to Caprifoliaceae Vent. family in the landscaping of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The representatives of Lonicera pileata Oliv. (Cultivars Рileata, form Variegata and form Lemon Beauty) endure winter well and adapt to new climatic conditions of the planting site. The plants were found tolerant to shade, cold, pruning, and urban ecological conditions with polluted air. It has been revealed that, depending on the purpose of the landscaping object, these shrubs can perform various functions: create architectural and artistic image of the object; promote biological land reclamation along with other plants; protect against dust and noise; regulate moisture and temperature. Simultaneously, to grow plants of Lonicera pileata Oliv. successfully, it is critical to use farming techniques developed by the author scientists. When the representatives of evergreen shrubs of Lonicera pileata Oliv. are introduced in the landscaping of residential areas, they can be used to decorate landscape-gardening objects with different functional use creating landscape compositions in gardens and parks, on the plots with different exposition and slopes, as anti-erosion plants, in alpine landscapes, as freestanding shrubs or in group plantations, at the background of lawns, in flowerbeds, in alpine screen gardens, in rockeries, in freely growing and trimmed hedges, and as ground-covering plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the production process of potato in a changing climate in the Eastern and Western forest-steppe

2017 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
S.M. Svyderska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact

An important element of climate change is to assess changes in agro-climatic growing conditions of crops and the impact of these changes on their performance. Agriculture is the most vulnerable sector of  Ukraine's economy to fluctuations and climate change. Given the inertial nature of agriculture and the dependence of the efficiency on the weather, now need to make timely and adequate solutions to complex problems caused by climate change. Due to the expected increase in air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere food security Ukraine will largely depend on how effectively adapting agriculture to future climate change. This includes advance assessment of the impact of the expected climate change on agro-climatic conditions for growing crops. Potatoes - perennial, herbaceous, plant, but in nature is treated as an annual plant, so that the life cycle, beginning with germination and ending with the formation of bubbles and the formation of mature tubers, is one growing season. Potato is one of the most important crops grown and diversified use in almost all parts of our country. But the main focus areas of potatoes in Polesie and Forest-steppe. We consider the relative performance of the photosynthetic productivity of potato and agro-climatic conditions for growing potatoes for the period 1986 to 2005, and expected their changes calculated by the climate change scenarios A1B and A2 for the period 2011 to 2050 in Eastern and Western Forest-Steppe. We consider the agrometeorological and agro-climatic conditions in which there may be a maximum performance of potato.

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