scholarly journals Justification of economic performance of processing of grain crops in biogas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar Tkach ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Mirzoieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Investment Projects

The article presents a study on the justification of the economic feasibility of processing cereals into biogas. Аt the first stage the sown areas and productivity of separate agricultural crops in the investigated enterprises of Brovarsky district, Kyiv region were analyzed. The tendency to increase the yield of agricultural crops in the studied enterprises was revealed. This was seen as evidence that they could potentially be fully self-sufficient in raw materials for the production of gaseous biofuels. At the second stage of the study, the potential volume of the raw material base for biogas production in the studied enterprises was calculated, potential volume of biogas production and economically feasible volume of biogas production for each enterprise. It is proposed to use part of the grown grain for bioenergy production, and this part should be 10-15% of the gross harvest of grain enterprises in order to prevent the food crisis in the country. At the third stage of the study to determine the economic efficiency of biogas production from wheat and corn, investment costs were calculated, necessary for the implementation of the project to install a biogas plant in the studied enterprises. The authors calculated the investment costs required to implement the project of installing a biogas plant at the studied enterprises. The authors also analyzed the costs of each company for future projects. Finally, the economic efficiency of the proposed project for biogas production in the studied enterprises of Brovary district, Kyiv region is calculated, the economic efficiency of the project in the long run is analyzed with the use of discounted indicators of economic efficiency with a life cycle of 5 years. It was found that the implementation of projects for biogas production may be accompanied by high efficiency, all enterprises will receive profits from the implementation of investment projects for the production of biogas and biofertilizers with the subsequent sale of biogas and the use of biofertilizers for their own needs.

scholarly journals Biogas composition depending on the type of plant biomass used

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Herout ◽  
J. Malaťák ◽  
L. Kučera ◽  
T. Dlabaja
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
High Concentrations

The aim of the work is to determine and analyse concentrations of individual biogas components according to the used raw materials based on plant biomass. The measurement is focused on biogas production depending on input raw materials like maize silage, grass haylage and rye grain. The total amount of plant biomass entering the fermenter during the measurement varies at around 40% w/w, the rest is liquid beef manure. The measured values are statistically evaluated and optimised for the subsequent effective operation of the biogas plant. A biogas plant operating on the principle of wet anaerobic fermentation process is used for the measurement. The biogas production takes place during the wet fermentation process in the mesophile operation at an average temperature of 40°C. The technology of the biogas plant is based on the principle of using two fermenters. It follows from the measured results that maize silage with liquid beef manure in the ratio of 40:60 can produce biogas with a high content of methane; this performance is not stable. At this concentration of input raw material, the formation of undesirable high concentrations of hydrogen sulphide occurs as well. It is shown from the results that the process of biogas production is stabilised by the addition of other components of plant biomass like grass haylage and rye grain and a limitation of the formation of hydrogen sulphide occurs. It follows from the results that the maize silage should form about 80% w/w from the total amount of the plant biomass used.

scholarly journals THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CLAYS OF THE SAZDINSKY DEPOSIT IN THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC BRICK

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
N. Shakurova ◽  
E. Doroganov ◽  
V. Bedina ◽  
Yu. Trepalina ◽  
O. Dobrinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Chemical And Mineralogical Composition

Ceramic bricks is one of the most popular architectural finishing and structural materials. It has high efficiency and decorative properties. Expanding the raw material base of clay deposits in the production of ceramic bricks is an urgent task. In order to assess the possibility of using clays from the Sazdinsky Deposit (Aktobe region) in the production of ceramic bricks. Studies are conducted on four sections of clays from this deposit. The chemical and mineralogical composition of clays is studied, and the rational composition of raw materials is calculated. It is revealed that the studied clays have a polymineral composition, the main rock-forming minerals are kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. According to the classification of A. I. Augustinik, the technological purposes of the studied clays are evaluated. The phase composition of samples heat-treated at different temperatures is studied. Based on the data of chemical and mineralogical composition of raw materials, technological properties of clays, physical-mechanical and operational indicators, it is established that the clays of three sites are suitable for the production of ceramic bricks by plastic molding. Phase composition of the obtained ceramic materials based on clays of four sites at a firing temperature of 1050 ° C are represented by quartz, hematite, anorthite, mullite, hematite and cristobalite. The strength of the fired samples of all clays corresponds to the brand 150-200. It is found that a more frost-resistant brick is obtained from the clays of the second section.

scholarly journals Prospects of the Malo-Chipiketsky quartz-bearing zone for quartz raw materials of high quality

Georesursy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Liliya Kh. Galiakhmetova ◽  
Nina G. Bydtaeva ◽  
Alexander E. Nepryakhin
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
High Degree

The article discusses the prospects of the Malo-Chipiketsky zone in the southern part of the Patomsky quartz-bearing region of the Baikal province, as a potentially probable new raw material base for granular and transparent quartz in the east of the country. The assessment of the area prospects was carried out according to the algorithm developed by FSUE TsNIIgeolerud for studying quartz objects, which includes a set of the most effective methods for assessing quartz raw materials, quartz concentrates and products from them. The research results showed high efficiency of the algorithm. The studies made it possible at the stage of prospecting to expressly, with a high degree of probability, sort out objects according to the quality of raw materials, identify ore-formation types of quartz and outline possible directions for the use of raw materials. The results were used in the selection and contouring of promising sections of quartz veins to assess the predicted resources of the selected ore-formation types of quartz.

scholarly journals STUDY OF ARTIFICIAL CERAMIC BINDERS BASED ON SILICATE MATERIALS FOR CERAMICS INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
V. Doroganov ◽  
E. Neverova ◽  
S. Stankovich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Ceramics Industry

this article discusses the possibility of using artificial ceramic binders obtained by the technology of highly concentrated binder suspensions in the production of ceramic materials and products. The results of complex studies of suspensions of artificial ceramic binders based on feldspar and quartz sand, as well as the results of tests of the samples obtained on their basis are presented. A definite advantage of entering the suspensions in the molding compositions of the slurries used in the manufacture of certain varieties of pottery is proved. The solution of the problem of import substitution of raw materials components, caused mainly by the difficult political situation in the country, as well as the lack of its own raw material base of good quality, in connection with which the paper proposes the use of technology of highly concentrated binder suspensions, which allows to optimize the quality of domestic raw materials. The use of technology of highly concentrated binder suspensions, allows not only to expand the assortment and range of products produced by this technology, but also to improve the quality and economic feasibility of individual varieties of ceramics. The emphasis on the introduction of technology of highly concentrated binding suspensions in certain areas of ceramics production is explained by the formation of a completely different structure of materials due to the increased content of nanoparticles in the composition of artificial ceramic binding suspensions, which contributes to a significant increase in mechanical strength while optimizing other basic technological quality indicators for ceramic materials and products. The possibility of reducing the firing temperature by 50-100°C, however, this issue requires additional research.

scholarly journals Evaluation of automated anaerobic fermentation processes as in the case of mould infected maize

2013 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Györgyi Bíró ◽  
Lili Mézes ◽  
János Borbély ◽  
János Tamás
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Cereal Products

In Hungary the renewable energy utilization is planned to achieve 13% by 2020. Biogas production is one of the fields with the largest energy potential. Achieving high efficiency during continuous production despite the mixed and variable composition of input materials is the most common problem which the newly built biogas plants using agricultural raw materials have to deal with. The first experimental reactors at the Department of Water and Environmental Management were built 12 years ago. Control and automation of the four separated bioreactors were executed with ADVANTECH GENIE 3.0 software which granted pre-programmed measurement and points of intervention for pH, temperature, CH4, CO2, H2S, and NH3. The system became out-of-data, therefore in 2010 it has been redesigned and tested. The system is controlled by Compair Proview SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) software running on Linux platforms. The Fusarium infection caused serious yield-losses in cereal production in 2010. In the case of cereal products, which non-utilizable as forage seems an optimal solution is utilizing as biogas raw material. The raw material was based on the Fusarium infected maize. In the recent publication infotechnological and technological experiences of the pilot test period are evaluated as well as direction of future development is defined.

scholarly journals Empirical Validation of a Biogas Plant Simulation Model and Analysis of Biogas Upgrading Potentials

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Jan Martin Zepter ◽  
Jan Engelhardt ◽  
Tatiana Gabderakhmanova ◽  
Mattia Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Integrated Energy Systems ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Plant Simulation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Biogas plants may support the transformation towards renewable-based and integrated energy systems by providing dispatchable co-generation as well as opportunities for biogas upgrading or power-to-X conversion. In this paper, a simulation model that comprises the main dynamics of the internal processes of a biogas plant is developed. Based on first-order kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process, the biogas production of an input feeding schedule of raw material can be estimated. The output of the plant in terms of electrical and thermal energy is validated against empirical data from a 3-MW biogas plant on the Danish island of Bornholm. The results show that the model provides an accurate representation of the processes within a biogas plant. The paper further provides insights on the functioning of the biogas plant on Bornholm as well as discusses upgrading potentials of biogas to biomethane at the plant from an energy perspective.

Feasibility of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Wagner ◽  
S. Ramaswamy ◽  
U. Tschirner
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
On Farm ◽  
And Storage

AbstractA pre-economic feasibility study was undertaken to determine the potential of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota. Specifically, utilizing straw for pulp and paper manufacture was of interest. The availability of cereal straw fiber supplies at various locations across the state of Minnesota, along with pre-processing issues such as transportation, harvesting, handling, and storage, are discussed and priced. The greatest economic advantage of straw for industrial use appears to be the low cost of the raw material compared to traditional raw materials. This also provides an excellent opportunity for additional income for farmers. The methodology and information provided here should be helpful in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing straw for other industrial purposes in other parts of the world. However, in some Third World countries, long-standing on-farm, traditional uses of cereal straws for fuel, fiber, and animal feed may limit their availability for industrial utilization.

Adjustment of a technology of cast iron smelting in the blast furnace of jsc "ural steel" w ith a volume of 1232 см3 with charge h a v in g 95% share of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-775
Author(s):  
I. F. Iskakov ◽  
G. A. Kunitsyn ◽  
D. V. Lazarev ◽  
А. А. Red`kin ◽  
S. A. Trubitsyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Iron Smelting ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
A Charge

To use effectively internal raw material base, JSC “Ural Steel” accomplished I category major overhaul of the blast furnace No. 2. The main purpose of the overhaul was to design a rational profile which could ensure an ability to operate with a charge containing 95 % of Mikhailovskii GOK (mining and concentrating plant) pellets having basicity of 0.5 by CaO/SiO2. The blast furnace No. 2 having useful volume of 1232 m3, was constructed by design of Danieli Corus, the Netherlands, and was blown in on December 30, 2020. In the process of guarantee tests, step-by-step increase of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets (Fetotal = 60.5 %, CaO/SiO2 = 0.5) content in the charge iron ore part was being accomplished from 55 to 95.1%. Charging of the blend containing pellets in the amount of 55% of iron ore part, was done by charging system 4OOCC + 1COOCC (Ore - Coke) with filling level 1.5 m. Under conditions of pellets part increase in the blend, the charging system was changed to decrease their content at the periphery, to increase it in the ore ridge zone and make it intermediate between periphery and the ore ridge. At the pellets share in the iron ore raw materials 0.75 the charging system was used as the following: 3OOCC + 1COOC + 1COOCC, while at the content 95.1% the following charging system was used: 2COOC + 2COOC + 1COOCC. It was noted that in the period of guarantee tests the furnace running was smooth. The average silicon content in the hot metal was 0.70% at the standard deviation 0.666. Sulfur content in the hot metal did not exceed 0.024%, the blowing and natural gas consumption figures were 2100 m3/min and 11000 m3/min correspondently, oxygen content in the blowing 26.5%, hot blowing and top smoke pressure figures were 226.5 and 109.8 KPa correspondently. The productivity of the furnace was reached as high as 2358 t/day at the specific coke rate 433 kg/t of hot metal. After guarantee tests completion, the pellets content in the iron ore part was decreased gradually from 95 down to 50%. The decreasing was made by 5% in every 6 hours of operation. Application of the mastered technology of the blast furnace No. 2 with the increased share of pellets will enable to stably supply the blast furnaces No. 1, 3 and 4 by iron ore raw materials in the proportion of 30-35% of pellets and 65-70% of sinter.

Serpentinite Magnesium Binders, Based on Technogenic Raw Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 1050-1054
Author(s):  
V.N. Zyryanova ◽  
E.V. Lytkina ◽  
A.P. Ochur-Ool
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Dispersed System ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

Increasing water resistance and mechanical strength of hardening magnesian binders’ products can be achieved by introducing microfillings into a hardening dispersed system. It is shown that serpentine provides an increase strength and water resistance in hydration and hardening process, being as a structure-forming component, it intensifies this process. It allows expanding the raw material base for the production of magnesia binders for construction purposes.

Technological aspects of alcohol distillates production from non-traditional sugar-raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Kateryna Danilova ◽  
◽  
Oksana Zavarzina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

An actual problem of the alcohol industry development is the expansion of the raw material base through the use of new, cheaper types of carbohydrate sources. Recently, glucose-fructose syrup has been of increasing interest to producers of ethanol. Among the producers of craft drinks, in particular rum-based drinks, cane molasses is in increasing demand. The article presents the technological aspects of the fermentation process of nonconventional sugar-containing raw materials on the example of glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses in ethanol by different yeast strains. It is determined that glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses are raw materials depleted of nitrogen, phosphorus and growth substances necessary for the yeast activity. To improve the technological properties of raw materials in the molasses, nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition and corn extract as a growth substance shall be added to a mash. Glucose-fructose syrup is of pH 3.68 and of acidity 0.12, which negatively affects the fermentation. It is established that in order to create optimal living conditions for yeast, it is necessary to add substances to the glucose-fructose syrup that will contribute to the safety of development and prevent the pH 3.5. It was determined that the alcohol yield from 1 ton of glucose-fructose syrup is 31.0 dal, from 1 ton of cane molasses is 24.0 dal on the yeast 46ED and 22 dal on the TegaYeast without the use of growth substances and vitamins necessary for the reproduction of yeast biomass. Under conditions of improving the technological properties of the mash from the glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses by adding biologically active substances promoting the synthesis of yeast biomass, the ethanol content in the fermented mashes increases up to 11.9 12% vol.

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