scholarly journals Intelligent control and forecasting system the magnitudes of leakage current electrical equipment for heat treatment and drying installations of grain raw materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
V. Gerasymenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Service Personnel

One of the effective technical methods of protection against electric shock for heat treatment and drying of grain raw materials is the use of protective switching devices. The use of more advanced devices, which include a leakage current analyzer, allows you to warn and warn service personnel against electric shock and clearly reflect changes in the insulation strength of electrical equipment. The aim of the study is to analyze the existing protective equipment that operates and provides protection by controlling the magnitude of leakage currents and proposing a technical solution that will provide, in addition to protection based on leakage current control, also early warning of the possibility of insulation thresholds. To provide automated real-time control, a technical solution based on the ATmega microcontroller has been developed. The device includes a zero-sequence current transformer to the terminals of the secondary winding which is connected to a protective unit with a leakage current analyzer. The use of a protective switching device, additionally equipped with a leakage current analyzer unit, will allow monitoring the amount of leakage current, warning and informing service personnel about the appearance of dangerous leakage current in 0.38 kV power supply systems for heat treatment and drying of grain.

The use of differential leakage current transformers in an automated fire prevention system in the power grid of industrial facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
N. G. Topolsky ◽  
◽  
E. N. Mineev ◽  
G. N. Malashenkov ◽  
M. Sh. Mintcaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Current Transformer ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Leakage Currents ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Automated Control System ◽  
Electrical Cables

Introduction. The occurrence of severe consequences of accidents in the electrical networks of industrial facilities depends on how correctly the automated systems for protection, detection and extinguishing of fire are selected. One of the reasons for the occurrence of a fire hazardous situation in electrical networks is the violation of the insulation and sheath of the electrical cable due to its aging or mechanical damage. Timely detection of the pre-fire state of electrical equipment is ensured by using an automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer (DLCT). The automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer is designed for early detection of the location of current leakage in the protected power and (or) lighting group (the electric motor and the power cable supplying it and other parts of the electrical equipment) and the issuance of information to the post with permanent duty personnel. Targets and goals. Improving fire safety of industrial facilities by using an automated control system for electrical equipment using a differential leakage current transformer. Methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the provisions of the theory of probability and the theory of reliability. Research results. It is proposed to use DLCT for the protection of high-current electrical receivers in various sections of networks, taking into account selectivity as part of an automated fire prevention system. Conclusions. The use of an automated control system for electrical equipment upon detection of leakage currents makes it possible to: - timely detection of the place of occurrence of leakage currents, detection of the pre-fire condition of electrical cables by leakage currents; - transmission of information about the state of electrical cables to a higher level of the automated control system for electrical equipment; - disconnection of the cable line from power sources and power consumers on command from a programmable controller; - preventing the spread of fire along the cable route and along adjacent structural elements, enclosing structures and technological units; - activation of executive devices by the operator in an automated mode. Key words: accident, analysis, fire, explosion, risk, statistics, reliability, electrical equipment.

BÖHLER W403 VMR

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Diffusion Annealing ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Böhler (or Boehler) W403 VMR is a tool steel with outstanding properties, based not only on a modified chemical composition, but on the selection of highly clean raw materials for melting, remelting under vacuum (VMF), optimized diffusion annealing, and a special heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-721. Producer or source: Böhler Edelstahl GmbH.

Preparation of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Biological Coatings on Carbon/Carbon Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 434-435 ◽  
pp. 502-505
Author(s):  
Ying Hua Li ◽  
Li Yun Cao ◽  
Jian Feng Huang ◽  
Xie Rong Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Condition ◽  
Subsequent Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Deposition Voltage

Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan (HAp/CS) bio-coatings were prepared on the surface of carbon/ carbon (C/C) composites by hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition, using sonochemical process resulted HAp nanoparticles, isopropyl alcohol and chitosan as raw materials. The influences of hydro- thermal conditions and deposition voltage on the microstructures and morphologies of the as-prepared coatings were investigated. It was shown that homogenous and dense HAp/CS coatings on C/C composites are obtained by hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition. With the increase of deposition voltage, density and homogeneity of the as-prepared HAp/CS composite coatings are well improved. Due to the growth of HAp nanoparticles in the hydrothermal condition, the subsequent heat treatment of the HAp/CS coatings is not needed.

RATIONAL PROCESS PARAMETERS OF CHOPPED SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS PRODUCTION USING EMULSIONS FROM COLLAGENCONTAINING RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
I. Kaltovich
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Point System ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Genus Lactobacillus ◽  
Rational Process

The article presents the results of research on the determination of rational technological parameters for the production of chopped semi-products using emulsions from collagen-containing raw materials fermented by bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus. Water dosages are installed in the composition of chopped semi-finished products: 12% – with emulsions from pork skin and tails and 11% - with emulsion from connective tissue. Duration of ingredients mixing (5 minutes), sequence of raw materials laying during manufacture of articles, as well as duration of heat treatment of chopped semiproducts is determined: 25 minutes – during steaming (t = 95–100 °С), 20 minutes – during baking (t = 180 °C), 15 minutes – during frying (t = 110 °C), while recommended methods of bringing semifinished products to culinary readiness are steam treatment and baking, which allow for improved functional and technological (TUS – 79.3-81.8%, weight loss during heat treatment – 5.1–7.9%), structural and mechanical (PNS - 1413.9–1470.4 Pa) and organoleptic indicators (juiciness, appearance, consistency, taste, smell) of these products (9 points according to the 9-point system).

scholarly journals Barothermal Processing of Animal Feed Ingredients

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Syrovatka ◽  
Natalya V. Zhdanova ◽  
Aleksandr N. Rasskazov ◽  
Dmitriy I. Toropov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
System P ◽  
User Friendly

Introduction. The article substantiates the need for high-temperature processing of feed ingredients. Principles of operation and design features of the applied methods and equipment for feed production are considered. Phase transitions, along with advantages and energy, technological, and technical drawbacks are highlighted. The aim of the study is to justify a possibility of creating high-efficiency production lines using heat treatment of feeds by application of heat valves ensuring continuous loading of raw materials into a reactor and discharge of the treated feed at high pressures and temperatures. Materials and Methods. It is proposed to transfer the process of barothermal processing to a higher zone of the phase diagram of the system p,t (pressure and temperature). This is a section of the superheated steam zone with temperature 300–374 °C, pressure 12–21 MPa and treatment exposure 30–60 seconds, which replaces costly processes of normalizing, expansion, extrusion and granulation. The change in enthalpy in the pressure range 0–21 MPa and temperature range 0–600 °C is shown. Thermal modes are presented as formulas which is the basic condition for the use of digital technologies. Results. The design of the reactor with a thermal gate for loading and unloading, being the main unit of the production line of the feed heat treatment, was proposed. The results of the study are fundamental for the development of the sample flow low-capacity line. Discussion and Conclusion. The transfer of the process of barothermic processing of feed into the zone of superheated steam allows for the transfer of poorly digestible elements of grain and legumes in easily digestible, pathogen-free feed. Advantages of the reactor and line include the user-friendly design, energy saving and possibility of implementation of advanced digital technologies.

Property Improvement of PLZT Capacitor Using CaRuO3 Top Electrode

2000 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Funakubo ◽  
Noriyuki Higashi ◽  
Norikazu Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Remanent Polarization

AbstractSrRuO3 and CaRuO3 films prepared by MOCVD were compared not only in term of their own properties but for their characteristics as the top electrodes of (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3[PLZT] capacitor, especially for H2 degradation. Resistivity of CaRuO3 and SrRuO3 films increased after heat treatment in H2-containing atmosphere, but was recovered by a heat treatment at 600 °C under O2 atmosphere. When SrRuO3 and CaRuO3 films deposited at 600 °C were used as top electrodes, the remanent polarization(Pr) value of SrRuO3/PLZT/Pt and CaRuO3/PLZT/Pt capacitors were almost the same as the values for capacitors with a Pt top electrode. After a heat treatment in a 3 % H2 atmosphere at 200 °C, followed by one in O2 atmosphere at 450 °C, Pr value was perfectly recovered for both of SrRuO3 and CaRuO3 films. The leakage current become the smallest when using 50 nm-thick CaRuO3 film as a top electrode. Moreover, no degradation was observed for fatigue test up to 1010 cycles when MOCVD-CaRuO3 films were used as top electrodes. These data show that MOCVD-CaRuO3 film with thin thickness is a useful top electrode for PLZT capacitor.

Preparation and Impaction on the Yield and Abrasion Resistance of Polycrystalline Diamond Powder of Copper/Graphite Raw Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Chun Lin Li ◽  
Jian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Diamond Powder ◽  
Treatment Temperature

Taking earthy graphite and electrolytic powder as raw materials, copper/graphite raw material is prepared by power metallurgy and then polycrystalline diamond powder is prepared by shock wave synthesis. Impaction on yield and abrasion resistance from copper content, particle size of graphite powder, heat treatment and re-pressing process has been researched. As result, yield of polycrystalline diamond powder is decreasing as decreasing copper content. It is decreased dramatically when the copper content is less than 90%. It is increased and then decreased as increasing the particle size of graphite powder, and the better particle size of graphite powder is 70μm. It is increased slightly and then decreased dramatically as increasing heat treatment temperature before re-pressing. The higher the heat treatment temperature, the more the yield after re-pressing. Impaction on the abrasion resistance of polycrystalline diamond powder from the preparing process of copper/graphite is smaller.

Crack Detection in Aircraft Structures

1956 ◽  
Vol 60 (551) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Deck
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Aircraft Structures ◽  
Heat Treated

In Switzerland aircraft often have to take off and land in narrow mountain valleys where a strong, irregular wind is blowing. In these circumstances one faulty casting may cause failure of a control; or a small part, if insufficiently heat-treated, may fracture and result in the loss of the aircraft. For this reason, thorough inspection during production and careful maintenance of the aircraft are of prime importance. Control within the aircraft factory consists of inspection of the raw materials, such as bars, sheet metal, tubes, castings, forgings and so on; testing of the most important parts during manufacture to detect cracks and to control the heat treatment; and the final control of all parts, of components and of the whole aircraft. Maintenance inspection reveals cracks, corrosion and other defects of the most important parts of the aircraft.

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