scholarly journals Use of Parametric Methods and Questionnaires for the Study of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Schizophrenia

Doctor Ru ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
M.A. Novitskiy ◽  
◽  
N.A. Shnayder ◽  
V.A. Bugay ◽  
R.F. Nasyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Psychiatric Screening

Objective of the Review: To develop scales and questionnaires used to diagnose depressive disorders in schizophrenia patients. Key Points. We have analysed Russian and foreign publications for a period of 10 years (2010–2020) in the following databases: Clinicalkeys, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis Online, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, ScienceDirect, and eLIBRARY.RU. Depression and anxiety disorders are diagnosed and their dynamics is evaluated using both standardized psychiatric screening and valid scales and questionnaires. Timely diagnosis and follow-up of depressive disorders in schizophrenia patients are based on a wide range of scales and questionnaires. However, they are useful not only for diagnosis and evaluation of the severity and/or the rate of depressive disorders, but also sometimes complicate comparison of observation results in different clinics, countries and globally. There is currently no unified methodology or algorithm for using of scales and questionnaires for depressive disorders in schizophrenia in general and depending on the condition stage and severity. Conclusion. Depressive disorders diagnosis in schizophrenia patients requires a multidisciplinary approach with participation of psychiatrists, neurologists and clinical pharmacologists to improve therapy results and patients’ quality of life. Depression and anxiety disorders are diagnosed and their dynamics is evaluated using both standardised psychiatric screening and valid scales and questionnaires. However, currently there is no a unified protocol for using a wide range of diagnostic scales and questionnaires for schizophrenia patients at high risk of depressive disorders, thus complicating continuation in follow-up of these patients both in inpatient and outpatient settings. Keywords: research methods, depressive disorders, schizophrenia, scale, questionnaire.

scholarly journals Update Regarding Imaging of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (02) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Jens Holger Figiel ◽  
Simon G. Viniol ◽  
Jannis Görlach ◽  
Anja Rinke ◽  
Damiano Librizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Primary ◽  
Noninvasive Therapy ◽  
Spectrum Of Indications

Background Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by the expression of typical proteins. A wide range of morphological and functional imaging methods is required in order to adequately assess the course of the disease and to optimally treat the patient. The spectrum of indications ranges from the detection of small primary tumors to the documentation of the metastasis pattern and the assessment of the suitability for certain invasive or noninvasive therapy methods. The exact recording and quantification of findings is indispensable. Methods This article is based on a comprehensive literature search on the different aspects of neuroendocrine neoplasm imaging. Results This article is intended to provide an overview of the available imaging procedures with their respective advantages and disadvantages for diagnostics and their value for the follow-up of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Recommendations for examination protocols, typical image findings, and an outlook regarding future developments are presented. Key Points:  Citation Format

scholarly journals Predictive value of implicit and explicit self-esteem for the recurrence of depression and anxiety disorders: A 3-year follow-up study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 788-798
Author(s):  
Lonneke A. van Tuijl ◽  
Elise C. Bennik ◽  
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx ◽  
Philip Spinhoven ◽  
Peter J. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Dimensional anxiety scales for DSM-5: Sensitivity to clinical severity

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Knappe ◽  
J. Klotsche ◽  
A. Strobel ◽  
R.T. LeBeau ◽  
M.G. Craske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractPurposePsychometric properties and clinical sensitivity of brief self-rated dimensional scales to supplement categorical diagnoses of anxiety disorders in the DSM-5 were recently demonstrated in a German treatment seeking sample of adults. The present study aims to demonstrate sensitivity of these scales to clinical severity levels.MethodsThe dimensional scales were administered to 102 adults at a university outpatient clinic for psychotherapy. Diagnostic status was assessed using the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview. To establish a wide range of clinical severity, we considered subthreshold (n= 83) and threshold anxiety disorders (n= 49, including Social Phobia, Specific Phobia, Agoraphobia, Panic Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder).ResultsIndividuals with either subthreshold or threshold anxiety disorder scored higher on all dimensional scales relative to individuals without anxiety. In addition, individuals with a threshold anxiety disorder scored higher on the dimensional scales than individuals with a subthreshold anxiety disorder (except for specific phobia). Disorder-related impairment ratings, global functioning assessments and number of panic attacks were associated with higher scores on dimensional scales. Findings were largely unaffected by the number of anxiety disorders and comorbid depressive disorders.ConclusionThe self-rated dimensional anxiety scales demonstrated sensitivity to clinical severity, and a cut-off based on additional assessment of impairment and distress may assist in the discrimination between subthreshold and threshold anxiety disorders. Findings suggest further research in various populations to test the utility of the scales for use in DSM-5.

scholarly journals The role of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in improving attachment patterns, defense styles, and alexithymia in patients with depressive/anxiety disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Mojgan Khademi ◽  
Mahmoud Hajiahmadi ◽  
Mahbobeh Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Self Psychology ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Defense Styles ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) emphasizes the centrality of intrapsychic and unconscious conflicts and their relation to development. Although there is evidence supporting the efficacy of LTPP in mental disorders, little research has been published on the efficacy of LTPP for depressive and anxiety disorders. Objective To examine whether patients with anxiety and depressive disorders demonstrate improvement in their attachment styles, defense styles, psychiatric symptoms, anxiety/depressive symptoms, and alexithymia with LTPP. Methods In this retrospective, descriptive study, the psychological outcomes of patients who were treated at the psychoanalytic clinic of Babol University of Medical Sciences were assessed. Fourteen patients diagnosed with depressive or anxiety disorder participated in the study of LTPP using the self-psychology approach. The Beck Depression Inventory II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Adult Attachment Scale, 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire, and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale were administered at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze changes in psychological outcomes after each of the three assessments. Results The mean scores of depression and anxiety and secure attachment improved significantly after LTPP with self-psychology approach from baseline to post-treatment and follow-up. Also, the mean scores of neurotic and immature defenses, difficulty in identifying feelings, difficulty in describing feelings, externally oriented thinking, and total alexithymia scores decreased significantly from baseline to post-treatment and follow-up. Conclusion Symptoms of anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, insecure attachment styles, alexithymia, and neurotic/immature defense styles improved after the LTPP with self-psychology approach. Moreover, the improvements persisted at the 6-month follow-up.

scholarly journals Association between anxiety but not depressive disorders and leukocyte telomere length after 2 years of follow-up in a population-based sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Hoen ◽  
J. G. M. Rosmalen ◽  
R. A. Schoevers ◽  
J. Huzen ◽  
P. van der Harst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Antidepressant Use

BackgroundTelomere length is considered an emerging marker of biological aging. Depression and anxiety are associated with excess mortality risk but the mechanisms remain obscure. Telomere length might be involved because it is associated with psychological distress and mortality. The aim of this study was to test whether anxiety and depressive disorders predict telomere length over time in a large population-based sample.MethodAll analyses were performed in a longitudinal study in a general population cohort of 974 participants. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to measure the presence of anxiety and depressive disorders. Telomere length was measured using monochrome multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at approximately 2 years of follow-up. We used linear multivariable regression models to evaluate the association between anxiety and depressive disorders and telomere length, adjusting for adverse life events, lifestyle factors, educational level and antidepressant use.ResultsThe presence of anxiety disorders predicted shorter telomeres at follow-up (β = –0.073, t = –2.302, p = 0.022). This association was similar after controlling for adverse life events, lifestyle factors, educational level and antidepressant use (β = –0.077, t = –2.144, p = 0.032). No association was found between depressive disorders and shorter telomeres at follow-up (β = 0.010, t = 0.315, p = 0.753).ConclusionsThis study found that anxiety disorders predicted shorter telomere length at follow-up in a general population cohort. The association was not explained by adverse life events, lifestyle factors, educational level and antidepressant use. How anxiety disorders might lead to accelerated telomere shortening and whether this might be a mediator explaining the excess mortality risk associated with anxiety deserve further investigation.

Young adult outcome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled 10-year follow-up study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH BIEDERMAN ◽  
MICHAEL C. MONUTEAUX ◽  
ERIC MICK ◽  
THOMAS SPENCER ◽  
TIMOTHY E. WILENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Wide Range

Background. Our objective was to estimate the lifetime prevalence of psychopathology in a sample of youth with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through young adulthood using contemporaneous diagnostic and analytic techniques.Method. We conducted a case-control, 10-year prospective study of ADHD youth. At baseline, we assessed consecutively referred male, Caucasian children with (n=140) and without (n=120) DSM-III-R ADHD, aged 6–18 years, ascertained from psychiatric and pediatric sources to allow for generalizability of results. At the 10-year follow-up, 112 (80%) and 105 (88%) of the ADHD and control children, respectively, were reassessed (mean age 22 years). We created the following categories of psychiatric disorders: Major Psychopathology (mood disorders and psychosis), Anxiety Disorders, Antisocial Disorders (conduct, oppositional-defiant, and antisocial personality disorder), Developmental Disorders (elimination, language, and tics disorder), and Substance Dependence Disorders (alcohol, drug, and nicotine dependence), as measured by blinded structured diagnostic interview.Results. The lifetime prevalence for all categories of psychopathology were significantly greater in ADHD young adults compared to controls, with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 6·1 (3·5–10·7), 2·2 (1·5–3·2), 5·9 (3·9–8·8), 2·5 (1·7–3·6), and 2·0 (1·3–3·0), respectively, for the categories described above.Conclusions. By their young adult years, ADHD youth were at high risk for a wide range of adverse psychiatric outcomes including markedly elevated rates of antisocial, addictive, mood and anxiety disorders. These prospective findings provide further evidence for the high morbidity associated with ADHD across the life-cycle and stress the importance of early recognition of this disorder for prevention and intervention strategies.

Anxiety Disorders: Similarities and Differences of Comorbidity in Treated and Untreated Groups

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (S12) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽  
Cecilia Ahmoi Essau ◽  
Jürgen-Christian Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Depressive Episodes

The similarities and differences of comorbidity in treated and untreated samples with anxiety disorders were examined using data from the Munich Follow-up Study: 133 subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders and 101 former in-patients at the Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry. Diagnoses were based on the DIS, not using the optional DSM—III exclusion rules. In these epidemiological and clinical samples, 69% and 95% respectively had at least two diagnoses. The epidemiological sample was clearly differentiated from the clinical sample by age of onset. The development of both depressive episodes and substance disorders in the two samples was mostly secondary to the development of anxiety problems. The outcome for subjects with both anxiety and depressive disorders tended to be worse than that for those with anxiety alone, regardless of whether a depressive episode was present at the time of the follow-up investigation. The usefulness is underlined of the comorbidity concept based on operationalised diagnosis without the exclusion rules offered by DSM—III and DSM—III—R.

Prodromes of Depression and Anxiety

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Murphy ◽  
Arthur M. Sobol ◽  
Donald C. Olivier ◽  
Richard R. Monson ◽  
Alexander H. Leighton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Longitudinal Investigation ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Premonitory Symptoms

A longitudinal investigation of psychiatric epidemiology in a general population (the Stirling County study) has indicated that the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders is low relative to prevalence, because these disorders have long durations. In an average year approximately nine adults among 1000 experience a first-ever episode of one of these disorders. Incident cases over the course of a 16-year follow-up were more likely to have had premonitory symptoms than to have been asymptomatic at the beginning of the study. Among the relatively small number of people who exhibited the clearest prodromal manifestations, incidence was 20 per 1000 annually. It might be possible to intervene before such disorders become fully formed and persistent if the precursors are given attention.

scholarly journals The relationship between the severity of asthma and comorbidites with anxiety and depressive disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre M Valença ◽  
Rodrigo Falcão ◽  
Rafael C Freire ◽  
Isabella Nascimento ◽  
Ronaldo Nascentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that asthma is associated with increased frequency of psychiatric symptoms and mental disorders. Our aim was to assess the frequency of anxiety and depressive disorders in a sample of asthmatic outpatients and observe if there is any relationship between this comorbidity and the severity of asthma. METHOD: Sixty-two consecutive patients of two outpatient asthma clinics located in university hospitals were evaluated. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 4.4 Version. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients (43.5%) met criteria for at least one psychiatric diagnosis. The most frequent diagnoses were major depression (24%), generalized anxiety disorder (20.9%) and panic disorder/agoraphobia spectrum disorders (17.7%). We found no significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression between the groups with mild/moderate and severe asthma. Despite the high frequency of depression and anxiety disorders, only 4 (6.5%) patients were under psychiatric treatment and 13 (20.9%) patients were taking benzodiazepines. Twelve of 15 (80%) patients who reported present use of psychotropic medication were not under psychiatric treatment at the moment of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the high morbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in asthmatic patients, independent of the severity of asthma.

Prevalence, symptom patterns and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care in qatar

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
A. Bener
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Co Morbidity

AimTo determine the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in Qatari population who attend the primary health care settings and examine their symptoms patterns and co-morbidity.DesignA cross sectional.SettingPrimary health care center, QatarSubjectsA total of 2080 Qatari subjects aged 18 to 65 years were approached and 1660 (79.8%) patients participated in this study.MethodsThe study was based on a face to face interview with a designed diagnostic screening questionnaire which consists of 17 questions about symptoms and signs of anxiety and depression disorders. Physicians determined the definitive diagnosis for depression and anxiety disorders by further checking and screening their symptoms.ResultsThe overall prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder was 13.5% and 10.3% respectively. Qatari women were at higher risk for depression (53.1% vs 46.9%) and anxiety disorder (56.7% vs 43.3%) compared to men. More than half of the sufferers with anxiety (56.7%) and depression (53.1%) were Qatari women with a higher frequency in the age group 1834 years. There were significant differences between men and women with depression in terms of age group (p = 0.004), marital status (p = 0.04), occupation (p < 0.001) and household income (p = 0.002). Nervousness was the most common symptom in subjects with anxiety disorders (68.4%), whereas sleep difficulty was the most common symptom in subjects with depressive disorder (59.4%).ConclusionThe depression was more prevalent in Qatari than anxiety disorders. The high risk groups of depression and anxiety disorders were being female, married, middle aged and highly educated.

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