scholarly journals Leukemia Epidemiology in Karbala province of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mjali ◽  
Haider Hasan Jaleel Al-Shammari ◽  
Nareen Tawfeeq Abbas ◽  
Zahraa Deheyaa Azeez ◽  
Saja Khudhair Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Objective: Investigate epidemiology of leukemia in Karbala province of Iraq, compare and identify possible changes with other populations. Methods: This was retrospective descriptive study for more than 400 leukemia patients in Karbala province from November 2011 to May 2018 with evaluation of age, gender distribution, types distribution and frequency distribution types of leukemia according to age and gender.Result: About 402 patients with leukemia were retrospectively enrolled in this study at median age of 30 years. Males accounted for a higher proportion of leukemia patients, 58.2 % compared to 41.8% females, with a male to female ratio of nearly 1.4:1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent in the study group, contributing 41% (median age 10 years), followed by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) 24.1% (median age 42 years), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 19.2% (median age 36 years) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL) of less frequent type which contributed only 15.7% (median age 60 years). Conclusion: This is the first statistical study of leukemia in Karbala. It can be used as basic information to investigate epidemiological characteristics, to evaluate progress in recent years and to develop future leukemia strategies. More statistical leukemia analyses in Iraq are needed.  

scholarly journals HAEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ihtesham Khan ◽  
Neelam Ahmad ◽  
Syeda Hina Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Objectives: To analyse the pattern of hematological disorders through bonemarrow aspiration, and to compare the final diagnoses with their referral diagnoses made by thereferring physicians.Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Period: 1st January -2016to 30th December-2016. Setting: Department of Pathology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar.Materials and Methods: 352 patients were included in the study. Bone marrow diagnosiswas recorded. Data was analysed by SPSS version 18 and results were drawn accordingly.Results: A total of 352 patients underwent bone marrow aspiration during the study period.About 15 patients had diluted bone marrow aspirates. So, they were excluded from the study.The remaining 337 patients were included in the study. The age of the study sample rangedfrom 9 months to 72 years (mean age 36 years ±17.8 SD). There were 185 (55%) male and151 (45%) females. Male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The commonest indication for bone marrowaspiration was “suspected malignancy”, which was suspected in 114(33.85) patients, followedby “pancytopenia”, which was seen in 69(20.55%) patients. About 69 (20.5%) patients werereferred for work up of anemia. Bicytopenia was seen in 69(20.5%). The bone marrow aspirationshowed that megaloblastic anemia was the commonest disorder observed in 37(10%) cases.Second common disorder was acute lymphoblastic leukemia, that was seen in 31 (9%) patients,followed by acute myeloid leukemia, which was seen in 26(7.7%) cases. Hemolytic anemia wasseen in 20 (15.9%) cases. Aplastic anemia was seen in 18 (5.3%) cases. Multiple myeloma andmononuclear infiltration was seen in 17 (5%) patients each. Anemia of chronic disorder wasseen in 16(4.7%) cases. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura was seen in 12 (3.6%) patients.Iron deficiencyanemia was seen in 11 (3.3%) patients. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia wasseen in 10 (2.9), Mixed deficiency anemia in 9 (2.7%), Myelodysplasia in 6 (1.7%), Malaria in5(1.5%), and Niemann Pick in 4 (1.2%) patients. Gaucher disease and Visceral Leishmania wasseen in 2 (0.6%) patients each. Histiocyticlymphohistiocytosis and Chediak Hegashi syndromewas seen in 1 (0.3%) patients each. Conclusions: Megaloblastic anemia, Acute LymphoblasticLeukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Hemolytic Anemia and Aplastic Anemia are the commonhematological disorders in our set up. Bone marrow is a reliable procedure to diagnosishematological diseases when routine investigations fail to make diagnosis.

An Unusual Case Of Disseminated Histiocytic Sarcoma Preceded By Myeloid Sarcoma With Concomitant Acute Myeloid Leukemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S107-S108
Author(s):  
A C Reddy ◽  
K S Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Histiocytic Sarcoma ◽  
Myeloid Sarcoma ◽  
Monocytic Differentiation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Introduction/Objective Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is rare (<1% of hematolymphoid neoplasms), and can present extranodally as disseminated disease. Immunophenotypically, the cells express CD163, CD68, lysozyme and CD45. HS often occurs as a secondary event following B-cell lymphomas, acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) typically with monocytic differentiation retaining the same molecular/cytogenetic abnormalities as the primary tumor. Results Our patient, a 47 year old male was diagnosed with myeloid sarcoma (MS) following FNA of a new neck mass. A bone marrow biopsy revealed AML without monocytic differentiation. Flow cytometric findings of both marrow and neck mass were similar (positive for CD34, CD117, CD33, CD11b, CD13, CD15, CD64, CD7; negative for CD4, CD14, CD56). Karyotypic and FLT3 ITD mutation analysis were normal. CNS involvement was diagnosed 2 months later, while a marrow biopsy (status post therapy) confirmed resolution of AML. A hypermetabolic left perinephric mass noted by PET CT, when biopsied, showed large epithelioid polygonal cells with amphophilic cytoplasm and atypical vesicular nuclei (positive for CD68, PU.1; negative for LCA, CD163, CD34, CD4, pankeratin). A diagnosis of atypical epithelioid neoplasm suggestive of HS was rendered, although negativity for LCA and CD163 was unusual. No treatment was given for HS. A month later, the patient presented with a cheek mass diagnosed again as being suggestive of HS. His AML also relapsed. Next-generation sequencing (37 genes including BRAF) from both marrow and tissue samples detected the presence of a nonsense mutation in exon 7 of WT1 (p.Ser169). Conclusion Our case appears to be the first reported one of disseminated HS preceded by MS and concomitant AML, lacking monocytic differentiation. The findings overall support the hypothesis of origin as being from a common progenitor cell differentiating along both myeloid and histiocytic/other cell lineages at different time points.

scholarly journals Not BCL2 mutation but dominant mutation conversation contributed to acquired venetoclax resistance in acute myeloid leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Jiejing Qian ◽  
Huafeng Wang ◽  
Yungui Wang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
First Line ◽  
Dominant Mutation ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Acute Myeloid

AbstractVenetoclax (VEN) plus azacitidine has become the first-line therapy for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and has a complete remission (CR) plus CR with incomplete recovery of hemogram rate of ≥70%. However, the 3-year survival rate of these patients is < 40% due to relapse caused by acquired VEN resistance, and this remains the greatest obstacle for the maintenance of long-term remission in VEN-sensitive patients. The underlying mechanism of acquired VEN resistance in AML remains largely unknown. Therefore, in the current study, nine AML patients with acquired VEN resistance were retrospectively analyzed. Our results showed that the known VEN resistance-associated BCL2 mutation was not present in our cohort, indicating that, in contrast to chronic lymphocytic leukemia, this BCL2 mutation is dispensable for acquired VEN resistance in AML. Instead, we found that reconstructed existing mutations, especially dominant mutation conversion (e.g., expanded FLT3-ITD), rather than newly emerged mutations (e.g., TP53 mutation), mainly contributed to VEN resistance in AML. According to our results, the combination of precise mutational monitoring and advanced interventions with targeted therapy or chemotherapy are potential strategies to prevent and even overcome acquired VEN resistance in AML.

scholarly journals The specific distribution pattern of IKZF1 mutation in acute myeloid leukemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xuewu Zhang ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Yunfei Lv ◽  
Yanan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Genetic Alteration ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Nonsense Mutations ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Course ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract IKZF1 belongs to the IKAROS family of transcription factors, and its deletion/mutation frequently affects acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In acute myeloid leukemia, IKZF1 deletion has been demonstrated recurrent, but whether IKZF1 mutation also exists in AML remained largely unknown. Herein, we analyzed the IKZF1 mutation in AML. In our cohort, the frequency of IKZF1 mutation was 2.6% (5/193), and 5 frameshift/nonsense mutations as well as 2 missense mutations were identified in total. Molecularly, IKZF1 mutation was absent in fusion gene-positive AML, but it was demonstrated as the significant concomitant genetic alteration with SF3B1 or bi-alleleCEBPA mutation in AML. Clinically, two IKZF1, PTPN11 and SF3B1-mutated AML patients exhibited one aggressive clinical course and showed primary resistant to chemotherapy. Furthermore, we confirmed the recurrent IKZF1 mutation in AML with cBioPortal tool from OHSU, TCGA and TARGET studies. Interestingly, OHSU study also showed that SF3B1 mutation was the significant concomitant genetic alteration with IKZF1 mutation, indicating their strong synergy in leukemogenesis. In conclusion, IKZF1 mutation recurrently affected AML.

scholarly journals Clinicohematological Study of Thrombocytosis in Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathiya Subramaniam ◽  
Suneel Mundkur ◽  
Pushpa Kini ◽  
Nalini Bhaskaranand ◽  
Shrikiran Aroor
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Reactive Thrombocytosis ◽  
Acute Myelogenous ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Primary Thrombocytosis

Introduction. Primary thrombocytosis is very rare in children; reactive thrombocytosis is frequently observed in children with infections, anemia, and many other causes. Aims and Objectives. To identify the etiology of thrombocytosis in children and to analyze platelet indices (MPV, PDW, and PCT) in children with thrombocytosis. Study Design. A prospective observational study. Material and Methods. A total of 1000 patients with thrombocytosis (platelet > 400×109/L) were studied over a period of 2 years. Platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and plateletcrit (PCT) were noted. Results. Of 1000 patients, 99.8% had secondary thrombocytosis and only two children had primary thrombocytosis (chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia, M7). The majority of the children belonged to the age group of 1month to 2 years (39.7%) and male to female ratio was 1.6 : 1. Infection with anemia (48.3%) was the most common cause of secondary thrombocytosis followed by iron deficiency alone (17.2%) and infection alone (16.2%). Respiratory infection (28.3%) was the predominant infectious cause observed. Thrombocytosis was commonly associated with IDA among all causes of anemia and severity of thrombocytosis increased with severity of anemia (P=0.021). With increasing platelet count, there was a decrease in MPV (<0.001). Platelet count and mean PDW among children with infection and anemia were significantly higher than those among children with infection alone and anemia alone. None were observed to have thromboembolic manifestations. Conclusions. Primary thrombocytosis is extremely rare in children than secondary thrombocytosis. Infections in association with anemia are most commonly associated with reactive thrombocytosis and severity of thrombocytosis increases with severity of anemia.

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