scholarly journals Building the readings scale to teach reading and writing to the student of the first grade

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Dawoud. D. Helles ◽  
Mahmoud. M. Alrantesi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Readiness To Learn ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed at designing the readiness scale of learning to read and write for first grade students when they entered school, and to reveal the impact of the scale in the development of their abilities and the degree of readiness to learn to read and write. The sample of the study consisted of (64) male and female pupils from the first-grade students in Dar Al Arqam Islamic Model School in Gaza. The questions and its vocabulary were constructed in the light of readiness skills for learning to read and write. The scale consisted of (30) questions divided into (5) skills: (visual discrimination, auditory recall, auditory discrimination, auditory recall, auditory interpretation). It was applied to the research sample, the researchers found that there were statistically significant differences at the mean level (α = 0.05) in the average readiness to learn literacy between males and females in favor of females. The researchers recommended the need to hold training courses for teachers of kindergarten to deal with the skills necessary for reading and writing readiness.

Profile of a short-acting κ-antagonist, LY2795050, on self-grooming behaviors, forced swim test and locomotor activity: sex comparison in mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199688
Author(s):  
Eduardo R Butelman ◽  
Caroline Baynard ◽  
Bryan D McElroy ◽  
Thomas E Prisinzano ◽  
Mary Jeanne Kreek
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Κ Receptor

Background: Novel short-acting κ(kappa)-opioid receptor selective antagonists are translational tools to examine the impact of the κ-receptor/dynorphin system in assays related to central nervous system dysfunction (e.g., substance use disorders, anhedonia and depression). The effects of such compounds have been compared in males and females under very limited conditions. Aims: The goal of this study was to examine potential sex differences in the effects of a κ-agonist and a short-acting κ-antagonist in an ethologically relevant test of anhedonia, the “splash test” of self-grooming, and also in the forced swim test and in locomotor activity. Methods: We examined the dose-dependence of grooming deficits caused by the κ-agonist U50,488 (0.1–3.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)) in gonadally intact adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. We then compared the effects of the short-acting κ-antagonist LY2795050 ((3-chloro-4-(4-(((2S)-2-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) phenoxy)benzamide)); 0.032–0.1 mg/kg i.p.) in blocking grooming deficits caused by U50,488 (3.2 mg/kg). The effects of LY2795050 were also studied in the forced swim test (FST). The effects of LY2795050 in blocking the locomotor depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg) were also studied. Results: U50,488 produced dose-dependent grooming deficits in male and female mice, and LY2795050 prevented these effects. In contrast, LY2795050 decreased immobility in the FST in males at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, but not in females, up to a dose of 0.32 mg/kg. Also, LY2795050 (0.32 mg/kg) prevented and also reversed the locomotor-depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg), in males and females. Conclusions: This study further implicates the κ-receptor system in ethologically relevant aspects of anhedonia, and confirms sexual dimorphism in some behavioral effects of novel κ-antagonists.

Risk-Taking Patterns of Male and Female Entrepreneurs in Roodepoort

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Garg ◽  
A. Duvenhage
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Performance Perceptions

This study analyses the risk-taking propensity of male and female entrepreneurs. Primary data were collected from a sample of 400 randomly selected from among the small and medium scale entrepreneurs in Roodepoort and two structured questionnaires were used. The results showed the existence of differences among male and female entrepreneurs’ risk-taking perceptions. However, no significant differences in the mean scores between males and females in the financial and social domains of risk taking perception were found. The results further indicate that there is a significant difference in the means of the entrepreneurs with regard to their overall risk-taking perception in the ethical domain of risk-taking perception, health and safety risk-taking perception, recreational risk-taking perception as well as their business performance perceptions. The study also suggests that there is no correlation between business performance and risk-taking in entrepreneurs. The study highlights that there is no evidence to suggest that risk-taking in different genders plays a role as an indicator in business performance.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Tooth Size Discrepancy between Male and Female Subjects Presenting with a Class I Malocclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Eva Man Yee Leung ◽  
Yanqi Yang ◽  
Balvinder Khambay ◽  
Ricky Wing Kit Wong ◽  
Colman McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Subjects

Objectives. To evaluate the tooth size discrepancy and Bolton’s ratios between male and female subjects with a Class I malocclusion. Materials and Methods. The digital e-models of 100 male and 100 female 12-year-old southern Chinese children with a Class I malocclusion were selected. The mesiodistal widths from permanent first molar to the contralateral side first molar of the upper and lower dentitions were measured. Differences between the tooth size discrepancy, together with the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios between male and female subjects, were assessed using a two-sample t-test. A paired t-test was used to determine differences between antimetric pairs of teeth within the same arch. Results. Females had statistically significant smaller teeth than males (P < 0.05) except the upper left and lower left lateral incisor and lower left and right central incisors. The mean values of anterior Bolton’s ratios for males and females were 77.04 and 77.03, respectively (P > 0.05), while the mean values of overall Bolton’s ratios of male and female are 90.48 and 90.65, respectively (P < 0.05). The clinical significant differences (Cohen’s d > 0.2) for contralateral tooth size were shown on the maxillary canines, lateral incisors, and central incisors of males; and mandibular canines and lateral incisors of females. Conclusions. Southern Chinese females presenting with Class I malocclusions have smaller mesiodistal tooth dimensions compared to males. Both males and females presented several tooth size asymmetries. There are no statistical differences in anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios between the genders.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on the Quality of Life of Health Care Workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadeel Shanshal ◽  
Harith Kh. Al-Qazaz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the entire world and one of its impacts was the increased level of stress and anxiety, especially among healthcare workers. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the quality of life (QoL) and sleep quality of healthcare professionals in Iraq.Methods: This study assessed the QoL and sleep quality by using World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) respectively. The questionnaires were administered through an online cross-sectional survey targeted at workers in medical fields in Iraq from 1st to 20th of August 2021. Results: Three hundred medical health workers participated, and females constituted 75.3%. The two questionnaires had very good internal consistency. The highest scoring domain was the social relationships, followed by physical health. Significant difference was found in the mean scores of psychological health domain between males and females, with higher scores observed in males. The mean of the total ISI score was 11.58 ± 6.88 with a range between 0 and 27. Severe insomnia was observed in only 9.7% of the participants. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.118) was found between age and ISI scores of the participants. Significant differences were found between males and females with higher ISI mean score observed among males. Conclusion: The quality of life and sleep pattern can be impacted by COVID-19 infection with the psychological aspect of QoL being the most affected and some degrees of insomnia being observed in many participants.

scholarly journals a comparative analysis of canthal index of ekowe indigenes, bayelsa state

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Timipa Richard Ogoun ◽  
Tobia P.S S ◽  
Aye T T
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predictive Study

Human body parts are useful in the predictive study of the unknown. The aim of this study is to know the normative values of the canthi of the Ekowe people. Measurements such as inner and outer canthal distances were carried out. The mean value of the innercanthal distance for males and females are 3.55±0.58 and 3.43±0.52. The mean outer canthal distance for male and female is 13.91±0.84 and 13.62±0.76. The canthal index for male and female is 25.59±4.54 and 25.30±4.03. Sexual dimorphism exists and statistical significant difference was noticed in the outer canthal distance between the males and females (P˂0.05). This study has provided us with normative reference values of inner and outer canthal distances and canthal index for the Ekowe Population which is import to the health care givers, Anatomist, ophthalmic industry and anthropologist

Characteristics of Sexual Behavior in Spanish Adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Teva ◽  
Mª Paz Bermúdez ◽  
Gualberto Buela-Casal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Steady Partner ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study is to describe some characteristics of the sexual behavior of adolescents in Spain and to compare these characteristics according to gender, using a cross-sectional survey. Participants were 1.279 male and female adolescents who reported having had sexual intercourse. A questionnaire about sexual behavior was applied at their high schools and during school hours. Data were collected between 2006 and 2007. Mean age at the onset of sexual intercourse was 14.8 years in males and 15.0 years in females. Males and females were different according to the type of partner at the last sexual intercourse: 63.0% of males had a steady partner compared to 90.5% of females (p<0.01). The mean number of sexual partners during the last 12 months was higher in males than in females (M= 2.1 andM= 1.5 partners, for males and females, respectively,p<0.01). 50.0% of males had sexual intercourse under the effects of drugs versus 39.3% of females (p<0.01). STD and HIV prevention programs should be designed considering the differences according to adolescents’ sex.

Impact of age and sex on response to ischemic preconditioning in the rat heart: differential role of the PI3K–AKT pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Ledvenyiova ◽  
Dezider Pancza ◽  
Jana Matejiková ◽  
Miroslav Ferko ◽  
Iveta Bernatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Old Females

Sex and aging represent important factors that determine morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in the human population. This study aimed to investigate the impact of aging on the response to ischemia–reperfusion in male and female rat hearts, and to explore a potential role of the PI3K–Akt pathway in the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in the myocardium of younger and older adult males and females. Langendorff-perfused nonpreconditioned and preconditioned hearts of 12- and 18-week-old male and female Wistar rats were subjected to regional ischemia and reperfusion with or without prior perfusion with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin for the evaluation of ischemia-induced arrhythmias and the size of myocardial infarction (infarct size; IS). Aging did not modify IS in both sexes; however, it markedly increased susceptibility to arrhythmias. Although IPC effectively reduced IS in males and females of both ages, only the hearts of males and 18-week-old females benefited from its antiarrhythmic effect. In the preconditioned 12-week-old females, but not the 18-week-old females, and in males of both ages, wortmannin blunted the anti-infarct effect of IPC. In conclusion, activation of the PI3K–Akt pathway plays an important role in protection against lethal injury conferred by IPC in males irrespective of age. The IS-limiting effect of IPC appears to be PI3K–Akt-dependent only in the 12-week-old females.

scholarly journals Área de actividad de Heteromys gaumeri en una selva mediana subcaducifolia de Yucatán

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Adrián Cimé Pool ◽  
Silvia F. Hernández Betancourt ◽  
Salvador Medina Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree

Resumen. Se estudió el área de actividad (AA) de Heteromys gaumeri en una selva mediana subcaducifolia en el Rancho Hobonil, Tzucacab al sur del estado de Yucatán, México. Se trabajó con el 30 % (n = 78) de la población total (n = 270); 53 % fueron hembras y 47 %, machos. Las hembras permanecieron en el área de estudio en promedio 7.6 meses y los machos 6.6 meses. La permanencia entre sexos no mostró diferencias significativas (p > 0.05). Los machos presentaron mayor AA promedio (555 m2) que las hembras (465 m2). El AA de individuos reproductivos (540 m2) y no reproductivos (439 m2) fue similar para ambos sexos (p > 0.05). No se observó una correlación entre el AA y el peso corporal en ninguno de los sexos (p > 0.05 para ambos sexos). La distancia máxima recorrida (DMR) no fue influenciada por la interacción de los factores sexo y época (p > 0.05). El AA de los machos mostró un promedio de 86 % de sobreposición y las hembras de 75 %; sin embargo, no fue significativa (p > 0.05). El tamaño y la alta sobreposición del AA y la distribución de las hembras, sugiere que esta especie es polígama y su sistema de pareja promiscuo, con un alto grado de tolerancia social intra e intersexual.Palabras clave: Área de actividad, Heteromys gaumeri, Rodentia, selva mediana subcaducifolia, Yucatán.Abstract. The home range (HR) of Heteromys gaumeri was studied in a subdeciduous tropical rainforest located at Rancho Hobonil, Tzucacab, Yucatan, Mexico. Thirty percent (n = 78) of the total population (n = 270) were residents, being 53 % females and 47 % males. The mean was 7.6 months for females, and 6.6 months for males. Average HR was 555 m2 for males and 465 m2 for females. Nevertheless, males and females did not differ significantly in the size of their HR (p > 0.05). The reproductive condition of individuals did not influence their HR and movement patterns. For both sexes, reproductive individuals showed the same HR than non-reproductive individuals (p > 0.05). HR was not correlated with individual weight of males and females in this population (p > 0.05). Neither season (dry and wet) nor sex (male and female) influenced maximum distance moved (MDM) (p > 0.05). Males and females had HR that overlapped the HR of multiple females and males intrasexually (p > 0.05). Based on HR size, high degree of HR overlap and female distribution, we concluded that mating system of H. gaumeri in rainforest of Yucatan is probably promiscous with a high degree of intra and intersexual tolerance.Key words: Activity area, Heteromys gumeri, Rodentia, medium deciduous forest, Yucatán.

scholarly journals The Effects of Diet Induced Obesity (DIO) on Skeletal Muscle Transcription in MuRF1 KO Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A59-A59
Author(s):  
Andrea Gail Marshall ◽  
Jennifer E Norman ◽  
Michael S Chementi ◽  
John C Rutledge ◽  
Sue C Bodine
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome

Abstract Background: As obesity and Type II Diabetes rise globally, it is important to understand the similarities and differences in the response of metabolic tissues between males and females. We wanted to evaluate the impact of prolonged diet induced obesity (DIO) on the skeletal muscle transcriptome of our MuRF1 KO (KO) mice. Methods: RNA was isolated from the gastrocnemius muscle of male and female WT and KO mice that were fed either standard chow (Envigo 2918) or a 45% HFD (Research Diets D12451) for 22 weeks (n = 4). RNA was enriched for mRNA prior to library preparation. RNA sequencing was performed using 150 bp paired-end reads (~ 31.6 M reads per sample). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using DESeq2 with an FDR set to 5%. Results: At baseline (chow diet), both male and female KO mice had DEGs compared to their WT counterparts (male, 1174; female, 105). Most DEGs were found to be unique by sex (male, 1151; female, 82), though 23 genes were found to be changed in common. After obesity was induced by 22 weeks of 45% HFD feeding, KO animals showed a greater transcriptional response than their WT counterparts. Males had 1821 DEGs (v. 179 in WT) while females had 4425 DEGs (v. 2090 in WT). In males, 78 genes were changed in common between WT and KO in response to DIO, with 76 of those genes changing in the same direction (Slc282a and Gm15427 did not). In females, 1445 genes were changed in common between WT and KO, with all but 2 genes (Pla2g7 and Zfp385b) changing in the same direction. In both male and female KO animals, oxidative phosphorylation and ribosomal pathways were most significant, though the direction of change in the DEGs was opposite. Conclusion: In skeletal muscle, sex highly influences the genes and pathways changed in response to DIO. Even among common pathways identified, the response between males and females differed. Loss of MuRF1 results in common and unique transcript changes in and between males and females under normal conditions and in DIO.

Effects of gender on income and family planning for diplomates of the American College of Zoological Medicine

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tara M. Harrison ◽  
Samantha Morello ◽  
Kenneth Royal ◽  
Olivia Petritz ◽  
Amy Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reported Income

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate income and family planning decisions of American College of Zoological Medicine (ACZM) diplomates. SAMPLE 98 ACZM diplomates. PROCEDURES An online survey was sent to 201 ACZM diplomates. Participation was voluntary. RESULTS 98 (49%) diplomates responded to the survey. The most commonly reported income categories were $90,000 to $94,999, $100,000 to $104,999, and $110,000 to $114,999. Overall, the mean of the salary-category midpoint responses was $105,357 but was $122,917 for those in academia and $94,508 for those working in zoos and aquaria. When incomes of males and females were matched (24 pairs matched for gender and age), no difference in income was observed. There were no significant differences in income between males and females with and without children. Diplomates who did not complete a residency had significantly higher incomes than diplomates who did. Sixteen of 21 (76%) females and 9 of 19 (47%) males reported delaying having children because of their career. Additionally, a higher percentage of females with children (13/20 [65%]) than males with children (3/19 [16%]) felt that having children had had a negative effect on their career. Thirty-five of 41 (85%) females without children and 4 of 9 (44%) males without children thought having children would have negatively affected their careers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although substantial differences in income between female and male ACZM diplomates were not identified, differences in family planning and perceptions of the impact of having children on their careers did exist.

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