Water retention of the organic soil horizon in a central European deciduous forest

Fungi in the Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) are the primary decomposers in temperate forests of dead wood on and in the forest soil. Through the use of isolation techniques selective for saprotrophic Agaricomycetes, a variety of wood decay fungi were isolated from a northern hardwood stand in the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. In particular, Hypholoma lateritium (Schaeff.: Fr.) P. Kumm. was isolated from basidiocarps, decaying Acer rubrum L. logs, the Oe organic soil horizon, and the E and BC mineral soil horizons. Identification was confirmed by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All isolates had identical sequences in this region to previously published sequences for the species; some were monokaryotic and simple-septate and others were dikaryotic, with clamp connections. Isolates were further characterized by banding patterns (DNA fingerprints) produced with PCR primers based in simple repetitive sequences and the minisatellite M13. Nine dikaryotic isolates from basidiocarps and from soil horizons Oe, E, and BC had identical fingerprint patterns with all primers tested. The confirmed presence of H. lateritium suggests that this fungus could form a mycelial translocation network that bridges mineral and organic soil horizons and decaying logs.

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Development of class pedotransfer functions for integrating water retention properties into Portuguese soil maps

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr12347 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 262 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

T. B. Ramos ◽

M. C. Gonçalves ◽

D. Brito ◽

J. C. Martins ◽

L. S. Pereira

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Water Retention ◽

Swat Model ◽

Pedotransfer Functions ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Soil Maps ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Small Catchment ◽

Water Retention Properties

Hydrological modellers have recently been challenged to improve watershed models by better integrating soil information into model applications. Reliable soil hydraulic information is thus necessary for better describing the water balance components at the catchment scale. Frequently, that information does not exist. This study presents a set of class-pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for estimating the water retention properties of Portuguese soils. The class-PTFs were established from a dataset containing 697 soil horizons/layers, by averaging values of total porosity and volumetric water contents at –0.25, –1, –3.2, –6.3, –10, –33, –100, –250, and –1500 kPa matric potentials after grouping data by soil texture class, soil horizon, and bulk density. Fitted retention curves using the van Genuchten model were also obtained for every class-PTF. The root mean square error varied between 0.039 and 0.057 cm3/cm3, with smaller values found when using the 12 texture classes of the International Soil Science Society (ISSS) system rather than the five texture classes of FAO, and when bulk density was also considered. The class-PTFs were then integrated into Portuguese soil maps and its usage was demonstrated by deriving maps of available water capacity to be used for modelling the water balance in a small catchment area with the SWAT model. The model successfully simulated the reservoir inflow when using the derived maps, but the results did not vary much whether using coarser or finer description of the catchment soils. Nonetheless, the class-PTFs contributed to a better soil characterisation than when using coarse-scaled information. The approach followed here was simple, inexpensive, and feasible for modellers with few resources but interested in considering the spatial variability of soil retention properties at large scales and in advancing hydrologic modelling in Portugal.

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Rooting depth and below ground biomass in a freshwater coastal marsh invaded by European Reed (Phragmites australis) compared with remnant uninvaded sites at Long Point, Ontario

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v133i4.2281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 133 (4) ◽

pp. 364-371

Author(s):

Calvin Lei ◽

Sarah J. Yuckin ◽

Rebecca C. Rooney

Keyword(s):

Phragmites Australis ◽

Water Depth ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Linear Models ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Coastal Marsh ◽

Rooting Depth ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Below Ground

Invasive European Reed (Phragmites australis subsp. australis) outcompetes native vegetation, reducing floristic diversity and habitat value for wildlife. Research in coastal salt marshes has indicated that P. australis invasion may be facilitated by its relatively deep rooting depth, but in freshwater marshes the growth pattern of below ground tissues in relation to water depth is uncertain. To determine if P. australis is rooting more deeply than resident wetland plant species in a freshwater coastal marsh on Lake Erie, Ontario, we measured the vertical distribution of below ground biomass in P. australis invaded marsh sites and compared it to the below ground biomass distribution in nearby sites not yet invaded by P. australis. These invaded and uninvaded sites were paired by water depth, which is known to influence resource allocation and rooting depth. Below ground biomass in invaded sites was greater than in uninvaded sites (t28 = 3.528, P = 0.001), but rooting depth (i.e., the depth at which 90% of total below ground biomass is accounted for) was comparable (t28 = 0.992, P = 0.330). Using water depth and site type, general linear models could predict below ground biomass (F2,55 = 9.115, P < 0.001) but not rooting depth (F2,55 = 1.175, P = 0.316). Rooting depth is likely affected by other factors such as substrate type and the depth of the organic soil horizon.

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The effects of litter production and litter depth on soil microclimate in a central european deciduous forest

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-015-2664-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 398 (1-2) ◽

pp. 291-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

István Fekete ◽

Csaba Varga ◽

Borbála Biró ◽

János Attila Tóth ◽

Gábor Várbíró ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deciduous Forest ◽

Litter Production ◽

Central European ◽

Litter Depth ◽

Soil Microclimate

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The effects of afforestation on Fe mobilization in soils and potential for leaking into surface waters

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20462 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Škerlep ◽

Ulf Johansson ◽

Dan Berggren Kleja ◽

Per Persson ◽

Emma S Kritzberg

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Societal Implications ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Fe Speciation

<p>Increasing surface water concentrations of Fe and DOC (browning), have been reported around the northern hemisphere in the last couple of decades. This increase has far-reaching ecological and societal implications, as it alters the light climate in water and decreases the quality of drinking water. One of the hypothesis behind the increase has been that afforestation and a dominance of coniferous forest have increased the availability of Fe and DOC for transport from soils into surface waters. The accumulation of organic soil layers in coniferous forests increases acidity and the amounts of organic acids in soils and may thus enhance weathering, solubility and mobilization of Fe as the forest ages. In this study we examined the effects of afforestation and growth of Norway spruce on the mobilization and potential leakage of Fe and DOC from soils to surface waters. To represent the effects of ageing forest we used plots with spruce stands of different ages (35, 61, 90 years) and unforested control plots in their immediate proximity, in T&#246;nnersj&#246;heden experimental forest (Sweden). Soil water collected in lysimeters (installed below the organic horizon and in the mineral soil) and analyzed for Fe, Fe speciation, using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), as well as DOC, metals, major anions and cations. Soil samples were analyzed for Fe speciation and crystallinity at different depths. Results from the soil water analysis show that more Fe was mobile in older spruce forest stands with higher DOC concentrations and lower pH. Covariation of Fe and DOC concentrations in soil waters, indicate the dependence of Fe on DOC to solubilize and stay in solution. Preliminary results from our XAS analysis also indelicate a considerable amount of Fe(II) in soil water that is likely stabilized from oxidation by organic complexation. Surprisingly Fe extracted from the organic (O) soil horizon showed the highest crystallinity and crystallinity did not vary much between soils of different stand ages. &#160;The results of this study indicate that afforestation promotes Fe and DOC availability for export into surface waters as well as strengthens the notion that the effects of afforestation are not immediate, but take time as soils develop slowly. As afforestation and dominance of coniferous forest continues in many parts of the northern hemisphere, we can expect further increase of Fe and DOC in surface waters.</p>

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The relation between various detritus inputs and soil enzyme activities in a Central European deciduous forest

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.08.006 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 167-168 ◽

pp. 15-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

István Fekete ◽

Csaba Varga ◽

Zsolt Kotroczó ◽

János Attila Tóth ◽

Gábor Várbiró

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Soil Enzyme ◽

Soil Enzyme Activities ◽

Central European

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Heavy metals in the organic soil horizon of the Northern taiga forests resulting from industrial air pollution

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016901011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 169 ◽

pp. 01011

Author(s):

Alexander Evdokimov

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Northern Taiga ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Soil Horizons ◽

Industrial Air Pollution ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

By Products ◽

Source Of Pollution

This study focuses on heavy metals contained in organic soil horizons resulting from the industrial air pollution caused by local enterprises. Polymetallic dust containing heavy metals is one of the main by-products in the smelting of non-ferrous metals. We evaluated the contents of Ni, Cu, and Co in the upper soil horizons containing the maximum amount of these pollutants (due to the formation of stable compounds with organic components of these horizons). Sampling was carried out at various distances from the source of pollution at previously established test sites. The study found acid-soluble heavy metals at various distances from the source of pollution and revealed the regularity of their content, both qualitative and quantitative.

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CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL, AND LAND-USE INVESTIGATIONS OF ORGANIC TERRAIN

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss75-041 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 331-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. E. WALMSLEY ◽

L. M. LAVKULICH

Keyword(s):

Water Retention ◽

Particle Density ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Surface Expression ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Sampling Area ◽

Temperature Conductivity ◽

Water Retention Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical

Chemical and physical properties of selected organic soil samples were studied in relation to the chemical status of the associated ground water. Soil analyses included standard chemical analyses, fibre content, bulk density, particle density, hydraulic conductivity and water retention properties. In situ water chemical analysis included temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH. Laboratory measurements of dissolved Ca, Mg, N, K, Si, NO3, F and Cl are also reported. The results are interpreted with reference to the surface expression and overall terrain morphology of the sampling area resulting in the formation of different peat types and associated vegetation. Physical and chemical data indicate a relationship between degree of decomposition and magnitude of various parameters. The distinction between bog and fen areas in terms of the level of dissolved electrolytes permits the prediction of the nature of the material comprising the organic soil. The distinctive properties of organic soils are discussed in terms of some use constraints imposed by the nature of the material in the context of afforestation of this terrain type.

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APORTE DE NUTRIENTES POR FRAÇÕES DA SERAPILHEIRA EM SUCESSÃO ECOLÓGICA DE UM ECOSSISTEMA DA FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v33i3.2256 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carolina Benghi Pinto ◽

Renato Marques

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Ecosystem ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Tropical Atlantic ◽

Nutrient Input ◽

Phase Effect ◽

Local Conditions

Com a finalidade de contribuir para o entendimento da dinâmica da ciclagem de nutrientes em ecossistema de Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas, na Floresta Estadual do Palmito, município de Paranaguá/PR, Brasil, foi desenvolvido este trabalho. Nele foi avaliado a deposição de fitomassa e nutrientes por frações da serapilheira em três fases de desenvolvimento da floresta: inicial (18 anos), intermediária (31 anos), e avançada (56 anos), durante o período de dois anos. Os teores de alguns nutrientes na serapilheira apresentaram variações no decorrer das estações do ano, sendo mais evidente no caso do Na e K. Observou-se um aumento nos teores de N e K à medida que a sucessão avança, fato associado principalmente às características morfológicas das folhas, e também ao microclima (maior umidade) e características do solo (maior espessura dos horizontes orgânicos) da fase avançada. Contrariamente, os teores de Al e Na diminuíram com o avanço da sucessão. Com a finalidade de contribuir para o entendimento da dinâmica da ciclagem de nutrientes em ecossistema de Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas, na Floresta Estadual do Palmito, município de Paranaguá/PR, Brasil, foi desenvolvido este trabalho. Nele foi avaliado a deposição de fitomassa e nutrientes por frações da serapilheira em três fases de desenvolvimento da floresta: inicial (18 anos), intermediária (31 anos), e avançada (56 anos), durante o período de dois anos. Os teores de alguns nutrientes na serapilheira apresentaram variações no decorrer das estações do ano, sendo mais evidente no caso do Na e K. Observou-se um aumento nos teores de N e K à medida que a sucessão avança, fato associado principalmente às características morfológicas das folhas, e também ao microclima (maior umidade) e características do solo (maior espessura dos horizontes orgânicos) da fase avançada. Contrariamente, os teores de Al e Na diminuíram com o avanço da sucessão. NUTRIENT INPUT FROM LITTER FRACTIONS IN A ECOLOGICAL SUCESSION OF AN ATLANTIC FOREST ECOSYSTEM Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate part of the nutrient cycling dynamics in a “Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas” (Tropical Atlantic Forest), placed in Paranaguá, PR, Brazil. Three plots were choosed, representing the different phases of the forest regeneration: initial (18-years-old), intermediary (31-years-old), and advanced (56-years-old). The contribution of the main tree species in the releasing of nutrients to the ecosystem was evaluated from the analisys of foliar and litterfall nutrient composition. The concentration of some nutrients in litterfall showed variations during the weather seasons, being more clear for Na and K. A phase effect was also observed and was represented by an increase of N and K concentrations, due specially to the morphological characteristics of leaves, and also to the local conditions – higher humidity and thicker organic soil horizon, and a decrease of Al and Na concentrations in litterfall with the developing of the forest regeneration phases.

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Heat Flow Measurements From Smoldering Porous Fuel

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf9980137 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 137 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

WH Frandsen

Keyword(s):

Heat Flow ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Heat Load ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Flow Measurements ◽

Heat Loads

A stirred water calorimeter measured the total downward heat load beneath a simulated smoldering organic soil horizon of peat moss. Moisture and inorganic ratios (fraction of water and inorganic contents relative to organic dry mass) of the peat moss ranged from 0 to 0.6 and near 0 to 4 respectively. Feat moss was packed to organic hulk densities of 90 kg m-3 and 120 kg m-3 at depths of 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm. Total heat load was recorded over the range of conditions given above. Data were analyzed by stepwise multiple linear regression. Measured heat loads were within the range of 10 MJ m-2 to 100 MJ m-2. The heat load increased nonlinearly with increasing inorganic ratio and decreased linearly with increasing moisture ratio. The heat load is linear with depth holding the organic hulk density and the moisture and inorganic ratios constant.

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