scholarly journals The Neuronal Theory in the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo: Past and Present

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Mohammed S Al Abadie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
World Population ◽  
Active Edge ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
New Evidence

Vitiligo is a common skin disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1-2% of the world population. It is characterised by well demarcated milky white patches of depigmentation which have the tendency to enlarge and spread peripherally. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, a process leads and end in the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. There are many proposed theories and hypotheses, none of which can fully explain its pathogenesis. However, lately it is believed that an overlap between some of these theories can present better understanding. This is to include the two long standing theories i.e., the autoimmune and the neuronal. The latter been proposed in 1959, initially based on clinical observations and studies, including animal, physiological, biochemical, embryonic, structural and electron microscopy. In 1994 new evidence emerged linking the neuronal theory to autoimmune mechanisms by demonstration of changes in Neuropeptides in particular Neuropeptide Y (NPY), in the skin at the active edge of vitiligo skin. This review paper highlights all evidence supportive of the neuronal theory in the pathogenesis of vitiligo past and present.

scholarly journals Brain Concussion: New Classifications and Current Physiopathological Knowledge of the Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 284-291
Author(s):  
Daniel Damiani ◽  
Durval Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Late Sequelae ◽  
Brain Concussion ◽  
Cerebral Concussion ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractThe present review paper aims to update the definition and classification of cerebral concussion, highlighting its pathophysiological mechanisms. The high prevalence of cerebral concussion in emergency rooms around the world makes it necessary to know its proper management to avoid its late sequelae, which traditionally compromise cognitive aspects of behavior. New evidence on potential neuroprotective treatments is being investigated.

Review on Nutritional Aspects of Wild Edible Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simran Kaur ◽  
Arpita Roy's
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wild Edible Plants ◽  
World Population ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
The World ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Abstract: The world is facing many issues regarding malnutrition, lack of food security, unavailability of food resources, and famines due to poor crop harvest, scarcity, and high cost of healthy food. To overcome these situations, there is a need for an alternative that can effectively fulfill the requirement of the world population. Wild edible plants (WEPs) are one of them, these plant species are neither managed nor cultivated commercially, but utilized in many cultural, traditional, and heritage practices all over the world. They are the sources of various essential nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, etc. which can serve as an important source of nutrition in many parts of the world especially, developing and under-developed countries. They have high nutritional and medicinal properties, therefore utilized to cure a range of dis-eases like fever, injury, diarrhea, boils, stomach ache, bleeding gums, toothaches, etc. WEPs are currently underutilized and consumed traditionally by different communities. These foods lack recognition as a significant contributor to the hu-man diet in developed areas which suggesting more scientific exploration to make their use common among people all over the world. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to document, compare, and contrast the nutritional and medici-nal properties of selected fifty WEPs. This review emphasizes diversity, ethnobotanical value, conservation, cultural as well as traditional knowledge of wild edible plants (WEPs). Commercial exploitation and scientific scrutiny of WEPs to develop dietary supplements, new food alterations, product development, pharmaceutical use, and biofortification have been also discussed.

Electrospinning: New Strategies for the Treatment of Skin Melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Mauricio Anaya Mancipe ◽  
Franz Acker Lobianco ◽  
Marcos Lopes Dias ◽  
Rossana Mara da Silva Moreira Thiré
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Population ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
New Strategies

: Recent studies have shown significant growth of skin cancer cases in northern regions of the world, in which its presence was not common. Skin cancer is one of the cancers that mostly affects the world population, ranking fifth in studies conducted in the United States (USA). Melanoma is cancer that has the highest number of deaths worldwide since it is the most resistant skin cancer to current treatments. This is why alternatives for its treatment have been investigated considering nanomedicine concepts. This study approaches the role of this field in the creation of promising electrospun devices, composed of nanoparticles and nanofibers, among other structures, capable of directing and/or loading active drugs and/or materials with the objective of inhibiting the growth of melanoma cells or even eliminating those cells.

scholarly journals Efficacy of leeching (Ta‘līq al-‘Alaq) in patients with vitiligo (baras): a comprehensive case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Arsheed Iqbal ◽  
Adil Rashid ◽  
Afroza Jan ◽  
Haider .
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Multiple Patches

Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic skin disorder in white patches appear on the skin surface and also involve the hair. The disease is idiopathic, acquired and effects 1-4 percent of the world population. It is belived that there is immunologic influence in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and there is evidence of early cell death in vitiligo melanocytes related to their increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. In Ayurveda the vitiation of three doshas results deraignment of rasa, rakta, mamsa and medadhuta which results in vitiligo patches on skin. In Unani System of Medicine (USM) the deraignment of body humours result in the Fasad-e-Ikhlat which results in the Baras (vitiligo). Since both in Ayurveda and USM leech has been used for various dermatalogicalailments including vitiligo. In this study leeching (hirudotherapy) were done in vitiligo patients of both sexes with single and multiple patches and successful results were observed.

Making Human Rights a Reality

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
World Population ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
National Human ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
National Human Rights Institutions

In the last six decades, one of the most striking developments in international law is the emergence of a massive body of legal norms and procedures aimed at protecting human rights. In many countries, though, there is little relationship between international law and the actual protection of human rights on the ground. This book takes a fresh look at why it's been so hard for international law to have much impact in parts of the world where human rights are most at risk. The book argues that more progress is possible if human rights promoters work strategically with the group of states that have dedicated resources to human rights protection. These human rights “stewards” can focus their resources on places where the tangible benefits to human rights are greatest. Success will require setting priorities as well as engaging local stakeholders such as nongovernmental organizations and national human rights institutions. To date, promoters of international human rights law have relied too heavily on setting universal goals and procedures and not enough on assessing what actually works and setting priorities. This book illustrates how, with a different strategy, human rights stewards can make international law more effective and also safeguard human rights for more of the world population.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

The Prognostic and Predictive Value of microRNAs in Patients with H. pylori-positive Gastric Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (39) ◽  
pp. 4639-4645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Amir Avan ◽  
Maryam Ghandehari ◽  
Fatemeh Goldani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
World Population ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Control Gene Expression ◽  
The World ◽  
H Pylori

Gastric cancer (GC) has a high mortality rate with a poor 5-year survival. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is present as part of the normal flora of stomach. It is found in the gastric mucosa of more than half of the world population. This bacterium is involved in developing H. pylori-induced GC due to the regulation of different micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA or miR). miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs and are recognized as prognostic biomarkers for GC that may control gene expression. miRNAs may function as tumor suppressors, or oncogenes. In this review, we evaluated studies that investigated the ectopic expression of miRNAs in the prognosis of H. pylori positive and negative GC.

The potential role of tea in periodontal therapy: An updated review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Forouzanfar ◽  
Hamideh Sadat Mohammadipour ◽  
Fatemeh Forouzanfar
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
World Population ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
The World ◽  
Green Tea Leaves

: Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent and can affect high percentage of the world population. Oxidative stress and inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Nowadays, more attention has been focused on the herbal remedies in the field of drug discovery. Green tea is an important source of polyphenol antioxidants, it has long been used as a beverage worldwide. The most interesting polyphenol components of green tea leaves that are related with health benefits are the catechins. Taken together this review suggested that green tea with its wide spectrum of activities could be a healthy alternative for controlling the damaging reactions seen in periodontal diseases.

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