scholarly journals Efficacy of leeching (Ta‘līq al-‘Alaq) in patients with vitiligo (baras): a comprehensive case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Arsheed Iqbal ◽  
Adil Rashid ◽  
Afroza Jan ◽  
Haider .
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Multiple Patches

Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic skin disorder in white patches appear on the skin surface and also involve the hair. The disease is idiopathic, acquired and effects 1-4 percent of the world population. It is belived that there is immunologic influence in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and there is evidence of early cell death in vitiligo melanocytes related to their increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. In Ayurveda the vitiation of three doshas results deraignment of rasa, rakta, mamsa and medadhuta which results in vitiligo patches on skin. In Unani System of Medicine (USM) the deraignment of body humours result in the Fasad-e-Ikhlat which results in the Baras (vitiligo). Since both in Ayurveda and USM leech has been used for various dermatalogicalailments including vitiligo. In this study leeching (hirudotherapy) were done in vitiligo patients of both sexes with single and multiple patches and successful results were observed.

scholarly journals Sodium tanshinone IIA silate increases melanin synthesis by activating the MAPK and PKA pathways and protects melanocytes from H2O2-induced oxidative stress

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 18747-18757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhong ◽  
Xiaohong An ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Minxuan Cai ◽  
Owais Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
World Population ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
The World

Vitiligo is an intriguing depigmentation disorder that affects about 0.5–2% of the world population.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Well-Known Trademarks Doctrine in Indonesian Commercial and Supreme Court

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-182
Author(s):  
Sujana Donandi S. ◽  
Pandu Adi Cakranegara
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
World Population ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Minimum Number

The implementation of well-known trademark in indonesia is still unsatisfying especially for foreign trademarks since many foreign trademarks that claimed themselves as well-known trademarks were not admitted for the trademarks were not yet registered or based on judges assessment, not fulfilling the criteria. This research aim is to analyse the implementation of well-known trademarks doctrine in Indonesian commercial and supreme court. The method used is normative-juridical with  statute and case study approach. The result shows that the commercial and supreme court have used the criteria of well-known trademarks as stipulated in Law no. 20 Year 2016 and Permenkumham no. 67 Year 2016 as well as WIPO Joint Recommendation in identifying a well-known trademark. However, the implementation is inconsistent. it is inconsistent because in one case (STARCO case), court prior to the first to file principle while in other case (Alexander Mcqueen case), court admit the trademark as a well-known trademark though it is not registered yet. The second case is coherence with the well-known trademark doctrine which the idea to protect a high reputed trademark even it is not registered. Secondly, the emptiness of the detailed criteria has made the judgement on well-known trademarks becomes widely opened for interpretation. Thus, the next convention and regulation must set aside the first to file principle and prior to the criteria only in identifying a well-known trademark. Moreover, the criteria of minimum number of registration or application should be revised by requiring the trademark to be registered or applied in at least 6 out of 10 countries with the biggest population in the world so that it is proven that the trademark is exist among the most world population. In addition, the standard level of legal enforcement must entail minimum two verdicts so that the enforcement has obtained a re-confirmation.

scholarly journals State Toleration of a New Faith in Post-Soviet Society: A Case Study of Latter-day Saints in Independent Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-85
Author(s):  
Howard L. Biddulph
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
World Population ◽  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Outcome

This study combines author's experiences as an analyst of post-Soviet politics and religious liberty with personal participation in the founding and public acceptance of a new faith in independent Ukraine during a quarter- century (1). Theattempt here is not only to describe a specific outcome, but to propose factors that offer explanation for why Ukraine is among the few Communist successor states in which new minority faiths have been relatively successful in achieving full toleration [Biddulph: 2016]. Religious liberty has been described as the “first freedom of all freedoms” [Hertzke: 2013, 4], yet it has been noticeably unachieved globally. A 2007 Pew  “Global Attitudes Survey” showed that 90% of respondents world-wide said that it was  important to live in a country that enabled them to practice religion freely.  Yet a more recent Pew “Forum on Global Restrictions on Religion” found that 70% of the world population reside in countries which have high or very high restrictions on religion either from government actions or from major social hostilities [Grim: 2013 , 86]. Religious liberty, therefore, is an almost universal human aspiration, but is one of the more unachieved rights in the world. The Soviet Union successor states have a similar record of lower achievement [Lunkin: 2013; Grim:  2013]. 

scholarly journals AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF UBHYAGA AMLAPITTA: A CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Tahir Hussain ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Given

Amlapitta is a diseases caused due to increase in the amla guna of pitta dosha. Amlapitta is divided on the basis of gati i.e. Urdhwaga Amlapitta and Adhoga Amlapitta. Adhoga amlapitta shows symptoms like trisha, daha, murcha, bharma, moha, mandagni etc. and Urdhwaga Amlapitta shows symptoms like tikta-amlaudgara, kanthhridyakukshidaha, tikta-amalchardi etc. Due to resemblance of sign and symptom it is correlated with Gastritis. Gastritis is diseases that have symptoms like epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, heart burn etc. Gastritis occurs due to inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Prevalence of Gastritis all over the world population is 50% and it increases with age. It affects about 8-20% of population in India. A 22 years old female patient from Sirsa, Haryana was having complain of burning sensation in stomach and oesophagus after intake of food, sour belching, dry and burnt tongue since four months. She was also having history of loss of consciousness 2 month back. Her aggravating factor is mainly intake of lunch meal wherever relieving factors consist of milk and amalaki juice consumption. On the basis of all sign and symptoms she was diagnosed with Ubhyaga Amlapitta. In this case the treatment planned was Sadhyo Vamana followed by classical Virechana. In this case the given treatment pacifies mainly pitta dosha along with kapha and vata dosha due to their Amlapitta is a diseases caused due to increase in the amla guna of pitta dosha. Amlapitta is divided on the basis of gati i.e. Urdhwaga Amlapitta and Adhoga Amlapitta. Adhoga amlapitta shows symptoms like trisha, daha, murcha, bharma, moha, mandagni etc. and Urdhwaga Amlapitta shows symptoms like tikta-amlaudgara, kanthhridyakukshidaha, tikta-amalchardi etc. Due to resemblance of sign and symptom it is correlated with Gastritis. Gastritis is diseases that have symptoms like epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, heart burn etc. Gastritis occurs due to inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Prevalence of Gastritis all over the world population is 50% and it increases with age. It affects about 8-20% of population in India. A 22 years old female patient from Sirsa, Haryana was having complain of burning sensation in stomach and oesophagus after intake of food, sour belching, dry and burnt tongue since four months. She was also having history of loss of consciousness 2 month back. Her aggravating factor is mainly intake of lunch meal wherever relieving factors consist of milk and amalaki juice consumption. On the basis of all sign and symptoms she was diagnosed with Ubhyaga Amlapitta. In this case the treatment planned was Sadhyo Vamana followed by classical Virechana. In this case the given treatment pacifies mainly pitta dosha along with kapha and vata dosha due to their guna and karma.

scholarly journals The Neuronal Theory in the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo: Past and Present

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Mohammed S Al Abadie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
World Population ◽  
Active Edge ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
New Evidence

Vitiligo is a common skin disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1-2% of the world population. It is characterised by well demarcated milky white patches of depigmentation which have the tendency to enlarge and spread peripherally. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, a process leads and end in the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. There are many proposed theories and hypotheses, none of which can fully explain its pathogenesis. However, lately it is believed that an overlap between some of these theories can present better understanding. This is to include the two long standing theories i.e., the autoimmune and the neuronal. The latter been proposed in 1959, initially based on clinical observations and studies, including animal, physiological, biochemical, embryonic, structural and electron microscopy. In 1994 new evidence emerged linking the neuronal theory to autoimmune mechanisms by demonstration of changes in Neuropeptides in particular Neuropeptide Y (NPY), in the skin at the active edge of vitiligo skin. This review paper highlights all evidence supportive of the neuronal theory in the pathogenesis of vitiligo past and present.

scholarly journals Management of Allergic Drug Reaction converted into Visarpa – A case study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Y. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Major Organ ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
Threatening Situation

Physical appearance is something that is related to psychological stress. Skin is major organ which remains as a presentable material in front of the world which also defines any individuality. Around 20 – 30 % Population suffer from skin ailments. According to study the incidence rate of herpes zoster was highest i.e. 56% at 20 to 40 years of age and from lower socioeconomic strata. These problems vary from age, locality and season. Visarpa is one of the major skin disease which is explained in detail apart from Kusthavyadhi by every Acharya This imparts the severity and significance of disease. Visarpa is characterized by Aashu – anunnatashopha, Daha, Jwara, Vedana and nature of pidika is described as Agnidagdagdavat. Skin disorder vary greatly in symptoms and severity. so they can be temporary or permanent. they can be situational or genetic, minor or mortal. thus, visarpa is one which if mismanaged can lead to life threatening situation. Twak Roga are Chirkari and so recurrent relapse occurs easily. visarpa is bahudoshaj vyadhi.

scholarly journals Socio-economic Status of Transferred and Non-transferred Urban Slums: A Case Study from Faisalabad

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 947-962
Author(s):  
Riaz Ahmed ◽  
Usman Mustafa ◽  
Atta Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
World Population ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Traffic Level

The rapid urbanisation has become a burning challenge across the developing countries of the world for the last four decades. The population pressure on the cities has caused many problems like environmental pollution, sanitation, education, health, traffic level and housing etc. In this context, housing is one of the most important issues related to urbanisation. Slums are reflected as the carbuncle in cities and looked extemporaneously and arbitrarily [Shafqaat, et al. (2013). The share of world urban population was 32 percent in 1950, it rose up to 39 percent in 1980 and 48 percent in 2000, which reflects that 3 out of 10 people were living in cities in 1950. In 2011, about half of the world population was living in the big cities and at the end of the third decade of this century; that make up the formation as 6 out of 10 people [World Bank (1999)]. Pakistan‘s town populace is fixed to become identical to its rural population in the year 2030. This needs for an effective urban planning instrument to confirm universal distribution of simple municipal amenities, regulator of the spread of slums, reducing of effluence and the control of crime and political might [Khan, et al. (2012)]

scholarly journals Implications of Oxidative Stress and Potential Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia de las Heras ◽  
Virna Margarita Martín Giménez ◽  
León Ferder ◽  
Walter Manucha ◽  
Vicente Lahera
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
World Population ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory State

Due to its high degree of contagiousness and like almost no other virus, SARS-CoV-2 has put the health of the world population on alert. COVID-19 can provoke an acute inflammatory process and uncontrolled oxidative stress, which predisposes one to respiratory syndrome, and in the worst case, death. Recent evidence suggests the mechanistic role of mitochondria and vitamin D in the development of COVID-19. Indeed, mitochondrial dynamics contribute to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and its uncoupling involves pathological situations. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with altered mitochondrial dynamics with consequent oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory state, cytokine production, and cell death. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency seems to be associated with increased COVID-19 risk. In contrast, vitamin D can normalize mitochondrial dynamics, which would improve oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory state, and cytokine production. Furthermore, vitamin D reduces renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation and, consequently, decreases ROS generation and improves the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the purpose of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the role of mitochondria and vitamin D directly involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and the inflammatory state in SARS-CoV-2 infection. As future prospects, evidence suggests enhancing the vitamin D levels of the world population, especially of those individuals with additional risk factors that predispose to the lethal consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Urbanization and cities of the future

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Andreea-Maria Tirziu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
World Population ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship

World population is continuously and rapidly growing, urban areas representing the future. Citizens’ needs and requirements are becoming the focus points of urban development strategies. Therefore, developing sustainable strategies is essential for boosting the creation and development of more inclusive communities. This paper aims to present various ways in which urbanization is changing the world as we know it, smart urban planning contributing to smart urban areas’ development, formed by strong inclusive communities, giving as example different cities around the globe that have implemented successful projects. The methodology used to carry out this research is both bibliographic – opting to study and present the work of specialists in the field, authors from Romania and abroad, and empirical – formed by a case study on various smart cities around the world that have found ways to cope with the new change the world is facing today. The digital space is starting to be a very important issue in the evolution of smart cities, contributing at facilitating and improving the relationship between state and citizens. Although technology is a significant element, citizens and public institutions must be open to collaborate in order to find and implement the best solutions for solving communities’ problems.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

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