THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN OPPOSITION TO RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL EXTREMISM (WAHHABISM) IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (67) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
M. A. Magomedova
Author(s):  
Z.Kh. Guchetl ◽  
◽  
O.I. Kuskarova ◽  

In this article, the authors comprehend the moral and ethical phenomenon of "Adyge habz the problems of its preservation and development in modern society in the context of globalization. The study of traditions is undoubtedly relevant in modern conditions, when many ethnic groups persistently retain interest in past values, their origins and prospects. The authors note that this problem is relevant not only for the Adygs, but also for other peoples of the North Caucasus, which have their own analogues of national moral and ethical codes. Based on the results of the conducted sociological research, it is concluded that the role of Adyghism (adygag) in the system of traditional ethno-cultural values of the Adyghes has decreased, and therefore there is a need to revive and develop the national identity of the Adyghes.


Author(s):  
GADZHIEV MAGOMEDEMIN M. ◽  

Extremism prevention is an essential component of the work in the field of national security of the country. The article reveals some of the main forms of extremism, such as religious-political, ethno-social, economic, pseudoscientific, and others, and provides examples. The main content of the article is devoted to the disclosure of the essence and diversity of manifestations of cultural extremism in the country, especially in the North Caucasus and Dagestan. Numerous concrete examples are given, proving that cultural extremism takes place and sometimes takes on quite acute forms. It is shown that the manifestations of cultural extremism are more difficult to combat, since it manifests itself among more literate and intellectually savvy people and does not have open ideologically organized forms, as in the case of religious and political extremism. The article considers the current law of the Russian Federation and the draft new law on culture, which notes all the mechanisms for overcoming extremism in culture, and which clearly emphasize the primacy of the rights and freedoms of an individual creative personality.


Social Change ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
T. M. Vinod Kumar ◽  
Gayatri

“Urban poverty and its attendant human cost is perhaps the single greatest challenge of our time. The future of our towns and cities, which is where most humanity will live in the next century, hinges on our tackling it successfully. The centerpiece of urban policy as we enter the 21st Century must therefore be the struggle against poverty, with goals such as the integration of the informal city, the recovery and democratic use of public space, and the reversal of the trend towards the concentration of wealth and opportunities, which so often ends in a spiral of violence…. “The struggle against urban poverty is a world challenge. To succeed, we need to tap the experience of individuals and organizations in the South as well as in the North, promoting an exchange that, more than the answers, will teach us what questions to ask. To this end, people living in poverty must take part in communications networks, which are often monopolized by intermediaries and experts. The role of experts is important, but mechanisms should be developed to facilitate direct, horizontal, global exchange…. “Such horizontal, direct contacts must involve local governments, the pivate sector, non-governmental and community organizations. And if public pollicies are to respond to real needs, these must be built out of experience, and their formulation and implementation must involve the people for whom they are intended…. “To do this, safety nets are not enough. Let us resolve to invest in the struggle against urban poverty, to invest in the poor themselves. Let us help people confronted with poverty in their efforts. New means of communication and successful experiences demonstrate that this can be done in a demoy-lXcratic and affordable manner. The struggle against poverty cannot be relegated to second-class expertise and technology. It is a huge challenge. It deserves the best.” (’Recife Declaration March 1996 Habitat II on ‘Urban Poverty-a World Challenge’).


Author(s):  
K.R. DZALAEVA ◽  
К.Р. ДЗАЛАЕВА

Исследование выполнено в рамках Программы фундаментальных научных исследований Президиума РАН «Историческая память и российская идентичность» Представленные документы характеризуют причины и условия возникновения Рус- ского драматического театра во Владикавказе во второй половине XIX в. Материалы фондов Центрального государственного архива РСО-А и Научного архива СОИГСИ, под- твержденные сведениями театральной хроники местной периодической печати, раскры- вают неизвестные страницы истории Русского театра, связанные с его возникновением, финансово-организационными и кадровыми вопросами, строительством и архитектур- ным обликом театрального здания в разные периоды времени. Особое внимание уделяется роли Русского театра в формировании городской общественно-культурной среды Север- ного Кавказа. The presented documents characterize the reasons and conditions for the emergence of the Russian Drama Theater in Vladikavkaz in the second half of the XIXth century. The materials of the funds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the Scientific Archive of North Ossetian Institute for Humanitarial and Social Studies, confirmed by the information of the theatrical chronicles of the local periodical press, reveal unknown pages of the history of the Russian Theater, connected with its appearance, its financial and organizational and personnel issues, construction and architectural decision of the theater building at different times. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Russian Theater in the formation of the urban social and cultural environment of the North Caucasus.


Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Julia Biryukova

The review is devoted to Vladimir Borisovich Lobanov's monograph “Terek and Dagestan in the Flames of Civil War: Religious, military-political and ideological Confrontation in the 1917—1920s”, which touches on all the most important aspects of life in the North Caucasus in the era of revolution and Civil War. There is a serious source base of the study, which has absorbed, perhaps, a critical mass of documents on the problem, which allowed us to draw convincing conclusions. Lobanov highlighted the key aspects of the chosen topic: the development of autonomous self-government institutions in the North Caucasus against the background of the collapse of statehood, the Islamic factor in the Civil War, the emergence and activity of the spectrum of anti-Bolshevik forces, the role of the Cossacks and the Volunteer Army in military-political processes in the region. He also pays attention to the revolutionaries who played a significant role in the establishment of Soviet power in the region, analyzes the reasons for the victory of the Bolsheviks in the North Caucasus.


Author(s):  
Elena A. Semyonova ◽  
◽  
Anastasia M. Orenchuk ◽  
Tanzila A. Charsiew ◽  
◽  
...  

Author(s):  
З.В. Канукова ◽  
А. Калирад

Наступившая в середине XIX в. стабилизация российско-иранских отношений в значительной степени была связана с эволюцией российской дипломатии и появлением персидских консульств в городах Северного Кавказа. В статье исследована роль консульских служб в диаспорных процессах на примере персидской общины Владикавказа. Кроме своих непосредственных функций, связанных с опекой мигрантов, выдачей паспортов и других разрешительных документов, содействия развитию торговых контактов с Ираном, консульство содействовало формированию общины, облегчало процессы адаптации иранцев к принимающему обществу. Отмечена роль консула Давуд-хана Назарэ, его инициатив, направленных на реализацию основных регулятивных и коммуникационных функций в персидской общине, благодаря которым именно консульство, а не храм, в отличие от других национальных общин, стало центром диаспорной жизни. На основе сравнительного анализа материалов Центрального государственного архива РСО-Алания и Центра документов и истории иранской дипломатии Тегерана выявлены особенности адаптации персидской общины к местной среде. Исследована роль консульства в сохранении этнической идентичности, языка, религии, духовной культуры определены механизмы трансмиссии традиционных иранских ценностей молодому поколению, к числу которых отнесено, прежде всего, Владикавказское русско-персидское новометодное училище единственное на Северном Кавказе. Будучи результатом реформирования исламского образования татарским просветителем Исмаил-беем Гаспринским, такое учебное заведение максимально отвечало интересам иранцев, живших в условиях диаспоры, одновременно выполняя две параллельные функции: сохранение этнической идентичности подрастающего поколения иранских мигрантов и воспитание и образование нового российского мусульманина, максимально инкорпорированного в общественно-культурную среду Северного Кавказа и России. Stabilization of Russian-Iranian relations in the middle of the XIXth century was largely associated with the evolution of Russian diplomacy and the emergence of Persian consulates in the cities of the North Caucasus. The article explores the role of consular services in diaspora processes using the Persian community of Vladikavkaz as an example. In addition to its direct functions related to the custody of migrants, issuing passports and other permits, facilitating the development of trade contacts with Iran, the consulate promoted the formation of the community, facilitated the process of adaptation of the Iranians in the host community. The article emphasizes the role of the consul Dawood Khan Nazare, his initiatives aimed at implementing the basic regulatory and communication functions in the Persian community, due to which the consulate, and not the temple, unlike in other national communities, became the center of diaspora life. Based on the comparative analysis of the materials of the Central State Archive of North Ossetia-Alania and the Centre for Documents and the History of Iranian Diplomacy of Tehran, the features of the adaptation of the Persian community to the local environment are revealed. The role of the consulate in preserving ethnic identity, language, religion, and spiritual culture is investigated. The mechanisms of transmitting the traditional Iranian values to the younger generation are identified, which include, in the first place, the Vladikavkaz Russian-Persian new method school, the only one in the North Caucasus. This educational institution resulted from the reform of Islamic education by the Tatar enlightener Ismail Bey Gasprinsky and was in the best interests of the Iranians living in the diaspora, it was fulfilling two parallel functions: preserving the ethnic identity of the younger generation of the Iranian migrants and educating a new Russian Muslim who could be best incorporated into the public cultural environment of the North Caucasus and Russia.


Author(s):  
O. Machai

Mongol forces have appeared in the Caucasus since 1220. The desire of the empire was to create world domination. That`s why was necessary to have a powerful army, which included the conquered peoples, among whom were Georgians. Georgian queen and mtavars resisted the conquerors since the establishment of Mongol rule in the Caucasus. However, due to the lack of competent rulers and strong centralized power, the mtavars later recognized the power of the Mongol commanders and sided with the conqueror. As a result, Georgian Queen Rusudan also recognized the authority of the Mongols. Every ruler who recognized the power of the khan had to bear military duty - haraj, and pay tribute, among which were taxes on military needs. The article examines various military campaigns in which Georgians participated on the side of the Mongols: the battle against the Romanian sultan in 1243, the capture of Baghdad in 1258, the campaign in Egypt in 1260, the fight against the expansion of the Golden Horde in the early 60s of the thirteenth century. The paper reveals the peculiarity of the Mongolian taxes paid by Georgians - kalan, ulup, the technique of the Mongol battle - hashar, yabagan. Based on the source and historiographical database, an analysis of the attitude of Georgians to participate in the Mongolian military campaigns is conducted. In particular, the article covers cases when the Mongols suspected Georgians of treason, focusing on the anti-Mongol uprising of King David Ulu. The causes and consequences of the uprisings are explained on the basis of testimonies of Georgian and Armenian chronicles. Separately, the article reveals the participation of Georgians in the fight against the troops of the Golden Horde, which sought to capture the North Caucasus. Thanks to the participation of Georgians in battles and the construction of fortifications, the Hulaguids were able to protect the region from the invasions of the Juchids.


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