Bofutsushosan, an Oriental Herbal Medicine, Attenuates the Weight Gain of White Adipose Tissue and the Increased Size of Adipocytes Associated with the Increase in Their Expression of Uncoupling Protein 1 in High-Fat Diet-Fed Male KK/Ta mice

Obesity and related comorbidities are a major health concern. The drugs used to treat these conditions are largely inadequate or dangerous, and a well-researched approach based on nutraceuticals would be highly useful. Pterostilbene (Pt), i.e., 3,5-dimethylresveratrol, has been reported to be effective in animal models of obesity, acting on different metabolic pathways. We investigate here its ability to induce browning of white adipose tissue. Pt (5 µM) was first tested on 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes, and then it was administered (352 µmol/kg/day) to mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks, starting at weaning. In the cultured adipocytes, the treatment elicited a significant increase of the levels of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) protein—a key component of thermogenic, energy-dissipating beige/brown adipocytes. In vivo administration antagonized weight increase, more so in males than in females. Analysis of inguinal White Adipose Tissue (WAT) revealed a trend towards browning, with significantly increased transcription of several marker genes (Cidea, Ebf2, Pgc1α, PPARγ, Sirt1, and Tbx1) and an increase in UCP1 protein levels, which, however, did not achieve significance. Given the lack of known side effects of Pt, this study strengthens the candidacy of this natural phenol as an anti-obesity nutraceutical.

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Deletion of the gene encoding G0/G1 switch protein 2 (G0s2) alleviates high-fat-diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance, and promotes browning of white adipose tissue in mice

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-014-3429-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 149-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Wissal El-Assaad ◽

Karim El-Kouhen ◽

Amro H. Mohammad ◽

Jieyi Yang ◽

Masahiro Morita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Gene Encoding

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Weight Gain, Glucose Tolerance, and the Gut Microbiome of Male C57BL/6J Mice Housed on Corncob or Paper Bedding and Fed Normal or High-Fat Diet

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science ◽

10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000139 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed R Islam ◽

Kimberly A Schultz ◽

Mita Varghese ◽

Simin H Abrishami ◽

Jason S Villano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Normal Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

16S Sequencing ◽

Similar Body

Understanding how differences in animal husbandry practices affect the reproducibility of research results is critical. Wesought to understand how different beddings might influence dietary obesity studies. We compared the effects of paper andcorncob bedding on weight gain, metabolism, and gut microbiome (GM) of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet(ND) and evaluated effects on fecal and cecal microbiomes collected from these cohorts after euthanasia. Male C57BL/6J mice at 5 wk age were allowed to acclimate to the facility and the assigned bedding for one week before being placed on HFD or remaining on the ND for 12 wk. Fecal pellets and cecal samples were collected and frozen for batched 16S sequencing. Mice had similar body weight, visceral gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT), subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT), liver and spleen weights and metabolic changes regardless of the bedding type. Baseline microbiota differences were detected one week after bedding assignment. After 12 wk, the GM showed significant differences depending on both bedding and diet. The effects of the bedding were not significantly different between endpoint fecal and cecal GM, despite the inherent differences in microbiota in fecal and cecal samples. A correlation was detected between diet and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia:Akkermansia. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the importance of considering bedding type when performing dietary experiments.

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Cranberry Polyphenolic Extract Exhibits an Antiobesity Effect on High-Fat Diet–Fed Mice through Increased Thermogenesis

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxaa163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 150 (8) ◽

pp. 2131-2138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fang Zhou ◽

Jielong Guo ◽

Xue Han ◽

Yunxiao Gao ◽

Qimin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

The Body ◽

High Fat ◽

Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽

Polyphenolic Extract ◽

Brown Adipose

ABSTRACT Background Although polyphenol-rich cranberry extracts reportedly have an antiobesity effect, the exact reason for this remains unclear. Objectives In light of the reported health benefits of the polyphenolic compounds in cranberry, we investigated the effects and mechanism of a cranberry polyphenolic extract (CPE) in high-fat diet (HFD)–fed obese mice. Methods The distributions of individual CPE compounds were characterized by HPLC fingerprinting. Male C57BL/6J mice (4 wk old) were fed for 16 wk normal diet (ND, 10% fat energy) or HFD (60% fat energy) with or without 0.75% CPE in drinking water (HFD + CPE). Body and adipose depot weights, indices of glucose metabolism, energy expenditure (EE), and expression of genes related to brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, and inguinal/epididymal white adipose tissue (iWAT/eWAT) browning were measured. Results After 16 wk, the body weight was 22.5% lower in the CPE-treated mice than in the HFD group but remained 17.9% higher than in the ND group. CPE treatment significantly increased EE compared with that of the ND and HFD groups. The elevated EE was linked with BAT thermogenesis, and iWAT/eWAT browning, shown by the induction of thermogenic genes, especially uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), and browning-related genes, including Cd137, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (Tnfrsf9). The mRNA expression and abundance of uncoupling protein 1 in BAT of CPE-fed mice were 5.78 and 1.47 times higher than in the HFD group, and 0.61 and 1.12 times higher than in the ND group, respectively. Cd137 gene expression in iWAT and eWAT of CPE-fed mice were 2.35 and 3.13 times higher than in the HFD group, and 0.84 and 1.39 times higher than in the ND group, respectively. Conclusions Dietary CPE reduced but did not normalize HFD-induced body weight gain in male C57BL/6J mice, possibly by affecting energy metabolism.

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Milk Fat Globule Membrane Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis and Increasing Uncoupling Protein 1 Expression in White Adipose Tissue of Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10030331 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 331 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tiange Li ◽

Jing Gao ◽

Min Du ◽

Jiajia Song ◽

Xueying Mao

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

High Fat ◽

Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽

Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule

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Honokiol Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity of Mice by Inhibiting Adipogenesis and Promoting White Adipose Tissue Browning

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1493

Author(s):

Yanan Ding ◽

Longlin Zhang ◽

Xiaofeng Yao ◽

Haihan Zhang ◽

Xi He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Body Fat ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Normal Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Active Components ◽

Magnolia Officinalis

Honokiol (HON) is one of the main biological active components of the traditional Chinese medicine Magnolia officinalis and has many health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HON could alleviate obesity in mice by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups and fed with a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with 200 (H200), 400 (H400), or 800 (H800) mg/kg BW HON for 8 weeks. The results showed that the mice fed HFD plus HON had lower body fat ratios (BFRs) and smaller adipocyte diameters in the epididymal WAT compared with those of the HFD group. With a proteomics analysis, the HON group upregulated 30 proteins and downregulated 98 proteins in the epididymal WAT of mice, and the steroid O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) was screened as a key protein. The HON supplement prevented HFD-induced adipogenesis by reduced the mRNA and protein expression of SOAT1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), suggesting that SOAT1 might play an important role in regulating adipogenesis. Moreover, HON treatment increased the expression of proteins related to the classical pathways of energy and lipid metabolism, such as AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and promoted the browning of epididymal WAT by upregulation of the protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the HFD mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that HON supplements could prevent increases in body fat for HFD mice by suppressing adipogenesis and promoting WAT browning.

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Irisin induces white adipose tissue browning in mice as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/15353702211006049 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 153537022110060

Author(s):

Yue Chen ◽

Jie Ding ◽

Yufei Zhao ◽

Shenghong Ju ◽

Hui Mao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Chow Diet ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

High Fat ◽

White Adipocytes ◽

Fat Fraction

This study aimed to track and evaluate the effect of low-dose irisin on the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noninvasively in vivo. Mature white adipocytes extracted from mice were cultured, induced and characterized before being treated by irisin. The volume and fat fraction of WAT were quantified using MRI in normal chow diet and high fat mice after injection of irisin. The browning of cultured white adipocytes and WAT in mice were validated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and deiodinase type II (DIO2). The serum indexes were examined with high fat diet after irisin intervention. UCP1 and DIO2 in adipocytes showed increases responding to the irisin treatment. The size of white adipocytes in mice receiving irisin intervention was reduced. MRI measured volumes and fat fraction of WAT were significantly lower after Irisin treatment. Blood glucose and cholesterol levels were reduced in high fat diet mice after irisin treatment. Irisin intervention exerted browning of WAT, resulting reduction of volume and fat fraction of WAT as measured by MRI. Furthermore, it improved the condition of mice with diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders.

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Partial Deficiency of Zfp217 Resists High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Increasing Energy Metabolism in Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22105390 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 5390

Author(s):

Qianhui Zeng ◽

Nannan Wang ◽

Yaru Zhang ◽

Yuxuan Yang ◽

Shuangshuang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Chow Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Glycolipid Metabolism ◽

Partial Deficiency

Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and disorders of glycolipid metabolism have become a worldwide research priority. Zfp217 plays a crucial role in adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, but about its functions in animal models are not yet clear. To explore the role of Zfp217 in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, global Zfp217 heterozygous knockout (Zfp217+/−) mice were constructed. Zfp217+/− mice and Zfp217+/+ mice fed a normal chow diet (NC) did not differ significantly in weight gain, percent body fat mass, glucose tolerance, or insulin sensitivity. When challenged with HFD, Zfp217+/− mice had less weight gain than Zfp217+/+ mice. Histological observations revealed that Zfp217+/− mice fed a high-fat diet had much smaller white adipocytes in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Zfp217+/− mice had improved metabolic profiles, including improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and increased energy expenditure compared to the Zfp217+/+ mice under HFD. We found that adipogenesis-related genes were increased and metabolic thermogenesis-related genes were decreased in the iWAT of HFD-fed Zfp217+/+ mice compared to Zfp217+/− mice. In addition, adipogenesis was markedly reduced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Zfp217-deleted mice. Together, these data indicate that Zfp217 is a regulator of energy metabolism and it is likely to provide novel insight into treatment for obesity.

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Effect of Soybean and Soybean Koji on Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet: A Comparative Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18116032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 6032

Author(s):

Sihoon Park ◽

Jae-Joon Lee ◽

Hye-Won Shin ◽

Sunyoon Jung ◽

Jung-Heun Ha

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Health Concern ◽

High Fat ◽

Cholesterol Levels

Soybean koji refers to steamed soybeans inoculated with microbial species. Soybean fermentation improves the health benefits of soybeans. Obesity is a serious health concern owing to its increasing incidence rate and high association with other metabolic diseases. Therefore, we investigated the effects of soybean and soybean koji on high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group) as follows: (1) regular diet (RD), (2) high-fat diet (HFD), (3) HFD + steamed soybean (HFD+SS), and (4) HFD + soybean koji (HFD+SK). SK contained more free amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids than SS. In a rat model of obesity, SK consumption significantly alleviated the increase in weight of white adipose tissue and mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, whereas SS consumption did not. Both SS and SK reduced serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. SS and SK also inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver and white adipose tissue and reduced adipocyte size. Although both SS and SK could alleviate HFD-induced dyslipidemia, SK has better anti-obesity effects than SS by regulating lipogenesis. Overall, SK is an excellent functional food that may prevent obesity.

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