scholarly journals THE ISSUE OF TUMOR MARKERS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Vira Kazmirchuk ◽  
Alex Halkin
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Current State

The aim of the article is to discuss the current state of informativeness of tumor markers and errors in their interpretation. A progress report is devoted to the analysis of approaches to the interpretation of the results of the clinical laboratory examination of the patient, based on the presence of tumor markers. Particular attention is paid to fundamental errors in making a diagnosis on the basis of tests for tumor markers.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Challenges on the Laboratory Detection of Lupus Anticoagulant

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Armando Tripodi
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Current State ◽  
Clinical Laboratories

Lupus anticoagulant (LA) is one of the three laboratory parameters (the others being antibodies to either cardiolipin or β2-glycoprotein I) which defines the rare but potentially devastating condition known as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Testing for LA is a challenging task for the clinical laboratory because specific tests for its detection are not available. However, proper LA detection is paramount for patients’ management, as its persistent positivity in the presence of (previous or current) thrombotic events, candidate for long term anticoagulation. Guidelines for LA detection have been established and updated over the last two decades. Implementation of these guidelines across laboratories and participation to external quality assessment schemes are required to help standardize the diagnostic procedures and help clinicians for appropriate management of APS. This article aims to review the current state of the art and the challenges that clinical laboratories incur in the detection of LA.

scholarly journals Correlation between lung infection severity and clinical laboratory indicators in patients with COVID-19: a cross-sectional study based on machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingrui Wang ◽  
Qinglin Che ◽  
Xiaoxiao Ji ◽  
Xinyi Meng ◽  
Lang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic that has raised worldwide concern. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the extent of lung infection and relevant clinical laboratory testing indicators in COVID-19 and to analyse its underlying mechanism. Methods Chest high-resolution computer tomography (CT) images and laboratory examination data of 31 patients with COVID-19 were extracted, and the lesion areas in CT images were quantitatively segmented and calculated using a deep learning (DL) system. A cross-sectional study method was carried out to explore the differences among the proportions of lung lobe infection and to correlate the percentage of infection (POI) of the whole lung in all patients with clinical laboratory examination values. Results No significant difference in the proportion of infection was noted among various lung lobes (P > 0.05). The POI of total lung was negatively correlated with the peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage (L%) (r = − 0.633, P < 0.001) and lymphocyte (LY) count (r = − 0.555, P = 0.001) but positively correlated with the neutrophil percentage (N%) (r = 0.565, P = 0.001). Otherwise, the POI was not significantly correlated with the peripheral blood white blood cell (WBC) count, monocyte percentage (M%) or haemoglobin (HGB) content. In some patients, as the infection progressed, the L% and LY count decreased progressively accompanied by a continuous increase in the N%. Conclusions Lung lesions in COVID-19 patients are significantly correlated with the peripheral blood lymphocyte and neutrophil levels, both of which could serve as prognostic indicators that provide warning implications, and contribute to clinical interventions in patients.

Surface-marker-based dialog modelling: A progress report on the MAREDI project

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-363
Author(s):  
SYLVAIN DELISLE ◽  
BERNARD MOULIN ◽  
TERRY COPECK
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Surface Marker ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Connectionist Network ◽  
Current State

Most information systems that deal with natural language texts do not tolerate much deviation from their idealized and simplified model of language. Spoken dialog is notoriously ungrammatical, however. Because the MAREDI project focuses in particular on the automatic analysis of scripted dialogs, we needed to develop a robust capacity to analyze transcribed spoken language. This paper summarizes the current state of our work. It presents the main elements of our approach, which is based on exploiting surface markers as the best route to the semantics of the conversation modelled. We highlight the foundations of our particular conversational model, and give an overview of the MAREDI system. We then discuss its three key modules, a connectionist network to recognise speech acts, a robust syntactic analyzer, and a semantic analyzer.

scholarly journals Southern Reference Star Program: Progress Report

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
J. L. Schombert
Keyword(s):  
Progress Report ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Reference Star ◽  
Current State ◽  
Star Program

The observational programs for the Southern Reference Star Program are rapidly drawing to a close. Observations have been completed, except for a few at San Juan and a small percentage of zone −52° to −64° at the Cape. The Cape zone −64° to − 90° has been cancelled. The current state of the observations is shown in Table I.

Proving the Accuracy and Legal Liability of Clinical Laboratory Examination Results Using Automatic Tools

SOEPRA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Yusi Luluk Rahmania ◽  
Tjahjono Kuntjoro ◽  
Valentinus Suroto
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Laboratory Examination

Cardiovascular Risk in Psoriasis: Current State of the Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Dattilo ◽  
Francesco Borgia ◽  
Claudio Guarneri ◽  
Matteo Casale ◽  
Roberto Bitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Immune Mediated

Psoriasis (Pso) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease associated with several comorbidities. Despite the growing number of studies providing evidence for the link between Pso and Cardiovascular (CV) disorders, there are still many unsolved questions, dealing with the role of the skin disease as an independent risk factor for CV events, the influence of Pso severity and duration on CV damage, the presence of Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) as a predictor of increased CV mortality and morbidity and the detection of reliable clinical, laboratory and/or instrumental parameters to stratify CV risk in psoriatic patients. Moreover, it remains to clarify if the early treatment of the dermatosis may lower CV risk. In this paper we will try to provide answers to these queries in the light of the updated data of the literature.

scholarly journals Valor diagnóstico de la combinación de nueve marcadores tumorales en neoplasias

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ivón Howland Álvarez ◽  
Yolanda Cruz Gómez ◽  
Nairobi Fonseca Torres ◽  
Bárbara Dinorah Hidalgo Martínez ◽  
Viorkis Pérez Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Ca 15.3 ◽  
Ca 19.9 ◽  
Marcadores Tumorales

Muchos  marcadores  tumorales  (MT)  no  son  específicos  a  un  tipo  particular  de  cáncer  y  el  nivel de uno de ellos puede aumentar como consecuencia de más de un tipo de cáncer, por lo que se utilizan en combinación para lograr mayor efectividad diagnóstica. Este trabajo se propone evaluar el valor diagnóstico de la combinación de nueve MT utilizados en diagnóstico de neoplasia tanto de forma individual como combinados. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo entre enero 2013 y mayo de 2015 en el Laboratorio Clínico del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas de La Habana a  100  pacientes  con  diagnóstico  de  cáncer  o  sospecha  clínica  de  neoplasia  oculta  a  quienes  se les  determinaron  los  marcadores  tumorales:  antígeno  carbohidrato  (CA)  19.9,  CA  72.4,  CA  125, CA  15.3,  antígeno  carcinoembrionario  (CEA),  componente  de  la  citoqueratina  19  (Cyfra  21-1), gonadotropina coriónica (HCG), ferritina y antígeno prostático de superficie (PSA). En todos los MT se observó un incremento del valor de corte sobre el valor límite superior de referencia mayor al 8%. En conjunto, la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo fueron de 23%, 99%, 96% y 51%, respectivamente. Para un valor de corte de 50 la especificidad y el VPP aumentaron a 99,6% y 97,5%, respectivamente. El uso de los 9 marcadores tumorales en conjunto mostró ser útil en el proceso de diagnóstico de pacientes con enfermedad neoplásica.  Palabras  clave:  marcadores  tumorales,  CA  19.9,  CA  72.4,  CA  125,  CA  15.3,  CEA,  Cyfra  21-1, HCG, Ferritina y PSA Abstract: Many  tumor  markers  are  not  specific  to  a  particular  type  of  cancer  and  the  level  of  one  of  them may increase as a result of more than one type of cancer, that’s why they are used in combination to achieve greater diagnostic effectiveness. This work aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of the combination of nine tumor markers commonly used in diagnosis of neoplasia both individually and in combination. A retrospective study from January 2013 to May 2015 was conducted at the Clinical Laboratory of the Center for Medical and Surgical Research in Havana, in 100 patients with cancer diagnosis or clinical suspicion of occult malignancy and to whom carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19.9, 72.4,  CA  125,  CA  15.3,  carcinoembryonic  antigen  (CEA),  component  cytokeratin  19  (CYFRA  21-1), chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), ferritin and prostate surface antigen (PSA) tumor markers were identified. An increase of cutoff value above the upper limit reference value in all higher TM 8% was observed. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value were 23 %, 99 %, 96 % and 51 %, respectively. For a cut value of 50 specificity and PPV, they increased to 99.6% and 97.5%, respectively. The use of 9 tumor markers together showed to be useful in the process of diagnosing patients with neoplastic disease. Key words: tumor markers, CA 19.9, CA 72.4, CA 125, CA 15.3, CEA, Cyfra 21-1, HCG, Ferritina and PSA.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
V. A. Sapozhkov ◽  
O. N. Budadin ◽  
A. S. Churilova ◽  
B. F. Falkov ◽  
Zh. Yu. Sapozhkova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Outcomes

This article discusses the possibilities of application of artificial neural networks to solve problems of increasing the diagnostic outcomes in clinical laboratory examination. High diagnostic sensitivity (96 %) and diagnostic accuracy (89.5 %) of the results were shown on a large amount of cellular material digitized by artificial intelligence microscopy automation system like the Vision Cyto Pap. The high resolution and sharpness of digital slides, the mode of viewing objects (cells) in the gallery, quick access to the results of preclassification, all of these factors together allow to reduce turnearound time in more than 2.5 times reducing disadvantages of the microscopy.<br>Application of artificial neural networks does not substitute a doctor’s skills. The role in validation of reports eligible only for cytopathologist. This concept indicates a carefully approach for staff working with a microscope, respectful attitude to them professional skills, and highlights a personalized approach to patients.

scholarly journals Valor diagnóstico de la combinación de nueve marcadores tumorales en neoplasias

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ivón Howland Álvarez ◽  
Yolanda Cruz Gómez ◽  
Nairobi Fonseca Torres ◽  
Bárbara Dinorah Hidalgo Martínez ◽  
Viorkis Pérez Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Cytokeratin 19 ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Ca 15.3 ◽  
Ca 19.9 ◽  
Marcadores Tumorales

Muchos  marcadores  tumorales  (MT)  no  son  específicos  a  un  tipo  particular  de  cáncer  y  el  nivel de uno de ellos puede aumentar como consecuencia de más de un tipo de cáncer, por lo que se utilizan en combinación para lograr mayor efectividad diagnóstica. Este trabajo se propone evaluar el valor diagnóstico de la combinación de nueve MT utilizados en diagnóstico de neoplasia tanto de forma individual como combinados. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo entre enero 2013 y mayo de 2015 en el Laboratorio Clínico del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas de La Habana a  100  pacientes  con  diagnóstico  de  cáncer  o  sospecha  clínica  de  neoplasia  oculta  a  quienes  se les  determinaron  los  marcadores  tumorales:  antígeno  carbohidrato  (CA)  19.9,  CA  72.4,  CA  125, CA  15.3,  antígeno  carcinoembrionario  (CEA),  componente  de  la  citoqueratina  19  (Cyfra  21-1), gonadotropina coriónica (HCG), ferritina y antígeno prostático de superficie (PSA). En todos los MT se observó un incremento del valor de corte sobre el valor límite superior de referencia mayor al 8%. En conjunto, la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo fueron de 23%, 99%, 96% y 51%, respectivamente. Para un valor de corte de 50 la especificidad y el VPP aumentaron a 99,6% y 97,5%, respectivamente. El uso de los 9 marcadores tumorales en conjunto mostró ser útil en el proceso de diagnóstico de pacientes con enfermedad neoplásica.  Palabras  clave:  marcadores  tumorales,  CA  19.9,  CA  72.4,  CA  125,  CA  15.3,  CEA,  Cyfra  21-1, HCG, Ferritina y PSA Abstract: Many  tumor  markers  are  not  specific  to  a  particular  type  of  cancer  and  the  level  of  one  of  them may increase as a result of more than one type of cancer, that’s why they are used in combination to achieve greater diagnostic effectiveness. This work aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of the combination of nine tumor markers commonly used in diagnosis of neoplasia both individually and in combination. A retrospective study from January 2013 to May 2015 was conducted at the Clinical Laboratory of the Center for Medical and Surgical Research in Havana, in 100 patients with cancer diagnosis or clinical suspicion of occult malignancy and to whom carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19.9, 72.4,  CA  125,  CA  15.3,  carcinoembryonic  antigen  (CEA),  component  cytokeratin  19  (CYFRA  21-1), chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), ferritin and prostate surface antigen (PSA) tumor markers were identified. An increase of cutoff value above the upper limit reference value in all higher TM 8% was observed. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value were 23 %, 99 %, 96 % and 51 %, respectively. For a cut value of 50 specificity and PPV, they increased to 99.6% and 97.5%, respectively. The use of 9 tumor markers together showed to be useful in the process of diagnosing patients with neoplastic disease. Key words: tumor markers, CA 19.9, CA 72.4, CA 125, CA 15.3, CEA, Cyfra 21-1, HCG, Ferritina and PSA.

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