THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING SESSIONS OF NORTHERN (SCANDINAVIAN) WALKING ON THE PARAMETERS OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

In this article, the purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of the parameters of the functional state of the body of students under the systematic influence of moderate physical exertion of northern (Scandinavian) walking. The study included 85 second-year students of the Volga Research Medical University. To visualize the indicators of the state of the body, the system of sports testing “MedicalSoft” was used. The functional status of the students' organism was studied before the start of Nordic (Scandinavian) walking classes, and after the completion of a two-month course of exposure to metered physical exertion. The analysis of the data obtained was carried out in accordance with the age standards that were formed by the developers of the equipment. It is established that systematic health-improving and training loads favorably affect the state of the body of the subjects, increasing its adaptive capabilities, which is confirmed by dynamic changes in the values of integral indicators.

LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF MALE INFERTILITY. BIOMARKERS. PART I

Currently, clinical laboratory diagnostics of male infertility is an integral part of the diagnostic process in the field of reproductive medicine. This review provides information about novel and traditional immunological, cellular, biochemical and other markers of human semen, which are used in the complex laboratory diagnostics of male infertility. Unfortunately, at present, due to the lack of updated clinical guidelines for male and female infertility diagnostics, uninformative algorithms and incompatible assessment criteria are increasingly used. This situation leads to controversial discussions, where the diagnostic functions of laboratory tests and markers are questioned. That is why the constant search is needed for innovative diagnostic approaches aimed at in-depth study of the pathogenesis of male infertility and subfertility.

CYTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA (PRIMARY NEURO-ENDOCRINE SKIN CANCER) IN THE MATERIAL OF A SUPERFICIAL SHAVE BIOPSY

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare malignant primary skin tumor with epithelial and neuroendocrine differentiation. In the presented diagnostic case, the possibility of a cytological method in this material is a scarification biopsy.

PROBLEMATIC FEATURES OF THE REHABILITATION PROCESS AT ITS MEDICAL STAGE

Rehabilitation, as a system of medical, psychological, socio-economic measures aimed at eliminating or possibly fully compensating for disabilities, is of great importance in the social protection of disabled people and the prevention of disability. In the article, based on the analysis of the current legislative and regulatory acts, scientific articles on the topic of rehabilitation and our own research, it is shown that there is no proper correspondence between the theory of rehabilitation, regulations and the organization of the rehabilitation process in medical institutions. The authors have proposed a number of ideas and activities that, in their opinion, should help in resolving existing inconsistencies and contradictions.

RENAL COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS INFECTION: MECHANISMS AND BIOMARKER

The brief review dealing with risks of the development of renal complications in patients with COVID-19, peculiarities of acute kidney injury development in patients with coronavirus. The special attention is given to the mechanisms of the direct infection of kidney by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and to the biomarkers for differential diagnostics of glomerular and tubular dysfunction in patients with COVID-19.

ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT RISKS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF CORPORATIVE HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE UNFAVORABLE EPIDEMIC SITUATION IN RUSSIA AND GERMANY (2020-2021)

Risk management in healthcare is studied insufficiently. Risk management will provide more accurate forecasting and planning, it will improve quality of management decisions and increase the efficiency of medical organizations. The necessity of developing health systems has become relevant both in Russia and abroad in the context of the coronavirus pandemic 2020-2021. There is an increased interest in reviving and improving of corporate health management systems of large enterprises. The author was consistently engaged in the organization of health care in 3 large federal companies in Russia, as well as in Germany during the pandemic. The specific tasks of corporate health care in the context of a pandemic, the criteria of management errors and typical management errors were identified and classified, their primary causes were established. General recommendations were given based on the analysis, directions for the development for the further study were formulated.

APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS

This article discusses the possibilities of application of artificial neural networks to solve problems of increasing the diagnostic outcomes in clinical laboratory examination. High diagnostic sensitivity (96 %) and diagnostic accuracy (89.5 %) of the results were shown on a large amount of cellular material digitized by artificial intelligence microscopy automation system like the Vision Cyto Pap. The high resolution and sharpness of digital slides, the mode of viewing objects (cells) in the gallery, quick access to the results of preclassification, all of these factors together allow to reduce turnearound time in more than 2.5 times reducing disadvantages of the microscopy.<br>Application of artificial neural networks does not substitute a doctor’s skills. The role in validation of reports eligible only for cytopathologist. This concept indicates a carefully approach for staff working with a microscope, respectful attitude to them professional skills, and highlights a personalized approach to patients.

THE CONCENTRATION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 AND INTERLEUKIN-8 IN HUMAN SEMEN WITH HIGH VISCOSITY

Objective: to estimate the effect of ejaculate consistency on the levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in human seminal plasma. Material and methods. The concentration of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 was determined by ELISA using the kit manufactured by «Vector-Best» (Russia). The study included 64 men: the main group (n = 30) presents patients with high semen viscosity, the comparison group (n = 34) presents men with normal semen viscosity. Results. In average, interleukin-6 level in the semen was 13.45 pg/ml, the median was 13.79 pg/ml; the data ranged from 8.24 pg/ml to 19.34 pg/ml. In average, level of interleukin-8 was 28.9 pg/ml, the median – 13.96 pg/ml; there is a large range of values from 0.202 pg/ml to 174.5 pg/ml. There are no significant differences in the values of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 of the main group from the comparison group: for interleukin-6, U = 377.0 (p = 0.074655); for interleukin-8, U = 407.0 (p = 0.863852). The data obtained did not correlate neither between groups nor with the fertility markers of the human semen.<br>Conclusion. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in the human seminal plasma do not depend on semen viscosity.

DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITIES OF FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION OF LYMPH NODES METASTASES OF PRIMARY PULMONARY LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMAS

Introduction. Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelial carcinoma is a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma admixed with variable amounts of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, frequently associated with EBV. It is a rare cancer and have a better prognosis than other non-small cell lung cancer. The tumor can mimic metastatic non-keratinizing SCC of the naso-pharynx, poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma and NUT carcinoma arising in the lung, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Materials and methods. A 75-year-old man presented with peripheral mass of left lower lobe, maximal diameter was 5.1 cm, involving lingula and medial pleura, with mediastinal, and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy revealed by computer tomography. Fine needle aspiration-EBUS was performed from hilar and interlobar lymph nodes. Papanicolaou smears and cell blocks were prepared. Additional CT-guided cor-needle biopsy and FNA were performed from lung lesion later. Results. A few large malignant epithelial cells, consistent with non-small lung cancer, were found on a background of lymphocytes in fine-needle aspiration from lymph nodes. Immunostain results: Pan-CK (AE1/AE3), p63 and Ki67 were positive in malignant cells, leukocyte common antigen (CD45) was positive in lymphocytes (negative in tumor cells), and negative markers were TTF1, chromogranin and synaptophysin. Cytological diagnosis was metastatic non-small lung cancer, favor squamous cell carcinoma. Biopsy and aspiration from left lung showed syncytial groups of large malignant epithelial cells with scant cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli on a background of prominent inflammatory infiltrate,consistent with lymphoepithelial carcinoma. Conclusion. It is impossible to correctly diagnose metastasis of lymphoepithelial carcinoma in lymph node by FNA only without FNA or biopsy of primary lesion, because cytological features and immunostains are identical to non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma.

LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF MALE INFERTILITY. BIOMARKERS AND METHODS. Part II

The new paradigm have been arise concerning to samples, markers and methods for assessment of male infertility. Nowadays, a sample “semen” and “sperm sediment” take a key role in examination and management of the subfertile couple. The advantages of sample “semen” such as non-invasive painless procedure as well as the wider range of diagnostic findings by number of methods (cytology, molecular and cultural) highlight the increasly importance of this diagnostic approach in comparison with conventional ones – prostate secretion and urethral scraping which obtained by invasive procedures – by massage and damaging a mucus membrane, respectively. According to the Russian register this review also presents the current situation with the work list of kits and devices for assessment of male infertility and inflammatory of male accessory glands.