Lingua receptiva in Europe: the map and the territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
Magdalena Steciąg
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
European Language ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
Transnational Communication ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Political Economic

As a result of complex and closely-related social, political, economic and technological processes, significant changes are now occurring in the European language situation. While these processes foster participation in the transnational communication community, they also reinforce the linguistic identity, based on their distinction. In view of these contradictory but non-exclusive trends, one should consider the multilingual systems that would better reflect the dynamics of real changes. For this purpose, the concept of lingua receptiva will be presented. Geographical and cultural perspectives are taken into account in this paper. Emphasis is on the space of discursive interculturalism, in which contacts in more or less fixed language constellations constantly take place. Its allocation on the political map of the European continent is not performative, but based on the literature. However, it does illustrate the challenges for the future of European receptive multilingualism.

The Demise of Community and Ecology in the Pacific Northwest: Historical Roots of the Ancient Forest Conflict

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton W. Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ancient Forest ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Economic

The Pacific Northwest has become the site of a bitterly fought struggle over the future of the remaining 10% of the region's ancient, or “old growth,” forests. The remaining stands of these forests are important components of the local economy and of the region's ecology. The article begins with a brief description of the economic and ecological crises which are now coming to fruition as a result of the loss of 90% of these forests. It then provides a description of the cultural heritage and sense of community which is being lost in the small, timber-dependent communities of the region—a social crisis resulting from the economic and ecological crises. In conclusion, the article argues that all of these crises should be understood as resulting from the political, economic, and historical circumstances which facilitated the emergence of the largest and wealthiest timber ownership.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Debt and Entitlements

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2568-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Bouton ◽  
Alessandro Lizzeri ◽  
Nicola Persico
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Market Frictions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract This article presents a dynamic political-economic model of total government obligations. Its focus is on the interplay between debt and entitlements. In our model, both are tools by which temporarily powerful groups can extract resources from groups that will be powerful in the future: debt transfers resources across periods; entitlements directly target the future allocation of resources. We prove the following results. First, the presence of endogenous entitlements dampens the incentives of politically powerful groups to accumulate debt, but it leads to an increase in total government obligations. Second, fiscal rules can have perverse effects: if entitlements are unconstrained, and there are capital market frictions, debt limits lead to an increase in total government obligations and to worse outcomes for all groups. Analogous results hold for entitlement limits. Third, our model sheds some lights on the influence of capital market frictions on the incentives of governments to adopt fiscal rules, and implement entitlement programs. Finally, we identify preference polarization as a possible explanation for the joint growth of debt and entitlements.

scholarly journals PEST Analysis of Present Indian Telecom Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4938-4942
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Telecom Sector ◽  
Political Economic

The telecom sector has gained massive growth in India. It has 1.8 million subscribers and it is the world’s second largest telecom sector. Currently telecom sector has drastically changed their structure and technology. The 4G spectrum has changed the customer’s perception and motivation. The objective of the study is to explore the future opportunities of Indian telecom sector. For this purpose, PEST analysis was used. There was a lack of studies that focused on the Political, Economic, Social and Technological areas of the telecom sector. The study found that there are opportunities in rural telecom sector but they are not utilized in the proper manner.

scholarly journals Poverty: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip N. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Economic

Millions of people worldwide live in poverty. Why is that? What has been done about it in the past? And what is being done about it now? Poverty: A Very Short Introduction explores how the answers to these questions lie in the social, political, economic, educational, and technological processes that impact all of us throughout our lives—from the circumstances of birth and gender to access to clean water and whether it is wartime or peacetime. The degree of vulnerability is all that differentiates us. This VSI looks at the history of poverty, the practical and analytical efforts made to eradicate it, and the prospects for further poverty alleviation in the future.

scholarly journals Al-Kharj during the reign of the first Saudi state (1157-1233 AH / 1744-1818 AD): الخرج في عهد الدولة السعودية الأولى (1157 – 1233هـ / 1744 – 1818م)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 93-69
Author(s):  
Khalid Abdullah Alsaeed Khalid Abdullah Alsaeed
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Scientific Level ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

This study describes the political, economic and scientific conditions of the city of Al-Kharj during the reign of the first Saudi state (1157-1233 AH / 1744-1818 AD). Firstly, on the political level, Al-Kharj is considered one of the most hostile cities in Diriyah for years, and it occurred in many wars, before it submitted. Secondly, on the economic level, Al-Kharj has two advantages that it is less likely to combine with others: the first is that it is an agricultural oasis famous for its abundance of water, fertility of its soil and good harvests, and the second is that it occupies a unique location that made it a passage for pilgrimage and trade caravans. Thirdly, on the scientific level, Al-Kharj, according to the sources and references available to us, witnessed jurisprudential diversity prior to its accession to the Saudi state, but it was not an active scientific center, and perhaps the future reveals to us secrets that we do not know and contradict our understanding.

The future of the Saudi Political System in Light of Internal Variables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Sharif ◽  
Hewa Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Political System ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
The Political ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
Political Economic

Saudi Arabia enjoys a privileged position in the Middle East by virtue of its strategic position, and because of its political, economic and religious factors, as the Saudi political system was established in 1744 in accordance with a political-religious agreement between the Al Saud and the religious institution represented by the Wahhabi da'wa (Salafism), and continued to receive its legitimacy and support from it, tribalism also took an important aspect in maturity, and the expansion of the influence of this country until the oil wealth contributed to its development, and strengthened its relations with the outside world, which in turn casts an important aspect of maturity, and the expansion of the influence of this country until the oil wealth contributed to its development, and strengthened its relations with the outside world, which in turn casts an important aspect of maturity. In the importance of future studies that address topics related to Saudi domestic and external affairs, notably the issue of reform. The reform trends in Saudi Arabia coincided with its opening to the world specifically western countries in the early 1990s, and increased elitist and popular calls for reform, as well as a number of structural causes that reinforced the alliance between the political and religious institution that clearly controlled the social, political and civil life of the Kingdom. This study is concerned with the reform process in the Saudi political system by showing the future scenes of that process, and then relying on internal variables, and the study tries in the framework of its problem to answer a key question: where is the Saudi political system going in light of internal variables. The hypothesis of the study in the context of future studies is based on an optimistic scene that supports the success of the reform process in Saudi Arabia, and another pessimistic scene that believes that the political system in the Kingdom will remain the same, if not turn into a worse state than it is now.

scholarly journals Europeanism: A Historical View

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Marius S. Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Historical View ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Political Economic

The ideology of Europeanism – defined as a commitment to the political, economic, and cultural consolidation of the European continent – has undergone major transformations during the twentieth century. Yet the study of Europeanism has not as yet systematically examined the range of conceptual meanings that the various strands of the Europeanist ideological family exhibit. Instead, Europeanism has typically been treated either ahistorically as a set of desirable social ideals and values, or reductively as a quality exclusively associated with European institutions in their current form. Both obscure the fundamental, wide-ranging debates over the nature of ‘Europe’ and ‘Europeanness’ that have shaped the substantive development of Europeanist ideologies over the last century. This article maps out the key areas of conceptual contestation that are consistently shared by all Europeanisms regarding the boundaries of Europe, the degree of European consolidation, and how ‘Europeanisation’ is to be realised.

scholarly journals Good Leadership and Sustainable Governance: A Critical Assessment of Governance in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A. OJEWUNMI
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Environmental Interests

This research paper establishes that good leadership is a key condition to sustainable governance. This paper therefore, investigates the principles of good leadership and sustainable governance. With Causal and Descriptive Designs employed as the methodology, this work accesses how sustainable the democratic governance in Nigeria is. The words good and sustainable as related to governance cannot be absolutely divorced in the study of governance. The two key words in this discourse are so inextricably intertwined as though they are conterminous with each other. This is because the two key words focus on the same goal. To discuss one leaving the second out cannot bring desirable results for this discourse. For the governance of any given state to be sustainable, it must be a governance that is led and managed by good leadership and it should conform to the expected constitutional standard, that is legally constituted and that is being operated according to the rules and regulations of the country. It must be accountable to the people with the structure that allows a smooth hand over process. This paper therefore examines some of the definitions of good leadership, the conditions that can guarantee good governance and how they can be applied to the Nigerian situation in providing suitable governance that will not jeopardize the interests of the future generations. The paper recommends that Nigeria needs a leadership that preserves the future. The Nigerian people need a leadership that not only protects the political, economic, social and environmental interests of the present but also protects the interests of the future generations.

THE GENESIS OF CONSERVATIVE IDEOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS IN THE POLITICAL REFORM OF MODERN COUNTRIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIA AND FRANCE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
MARIETA EPREMYAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Reform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Conservative Ideology ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Conservatism ◽  
The Future ◽  
Conservative Policy ◽  
Depth Interviews

The article examines the epistemological roots of conservative ideology, development trends and further prospects in political reform not only in modern Russia, but also in other countries. The author focuses on the “world” and Russian conservatism. In the course of the study, the author illustrates what opportunities and limitations a conservative ideology can have in political reform not only in modern Russia, but also in the world. In conclusion, it is concluded that the prospect of a conservative trend in the world is wide enough. To avoid immigration and to control the development of technology in society, it is necessary to adhere to a conservative policy. Conservatism is a consolidating ideology. It is no coincidence that the author cites as an example the understanding of conservative ideology by the French due to the fact that Russia has its own vision of the ideology of conservatism. If we say that conservatism seeks to preserve something and respects tradition, we must bear in mind that traditions in different societies, which form some kind of moral imperatives, cannot be a single phenomenon due to different historical destinies and differing religious views. Considered from the point of view of religion, Muslim and Christian conservatism will be somewhat confrontational on some issues. The purpose of the work was to consider issues related to the role, evolution and prospects of conservative ideology in the political reform of modern countries. The author focuses on Russia and France. To achieve this goal, the method of in-depth interviews with experts on how they understand conservatism was chosen. Already today, conservatism is quite diverse. It is quite possible that in the future it will transform even more and acquire new reflections.

Leisurely Islam

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Deeb ◽  
Mona Harb
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Economic

South Beirut has recently become a vibrant leisure destination with a plethora of cafés and restaurants that cater to the young, fashionable, and pious. What effects have these establishments had on the moral norms, spatial practices, and urban experiences of this Lebanese community? From the diverse voices of young Shi'i Muslims searching for places to hang out, to the Hezbollah officials who want this media-savvy generation to be more politically involved, to the religious leaders worried that Lebanese youth are losing their moral compasses, this book provides a sophisticated and original look at leisure in the Lebanese capital. What makes a café morally appropriate? How do people negotiate morality in relation to different places? And under what circumstances might a pious Muslim go to a café that serves alcohol? This book highlights tensions and complexities exacerbated by the presence of multiple religious authorities, a fraught sectarian political context, class mobility, and a generation that takes religion for granted but wants to have fun. The book elucidates the political, economic, religious, and social changes that have taken place since 2000, and examines leisure's influence on Lebanese sociopolitical and urban situations. Asserting that morality and geography cannot be fully understood in isolation from one another, the book offers a colorful new understanding of the most powerful community in Lebanon today.

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