scholarly journals Al-Kharj during the reign of the first Saudi state (1157-1233 AH / 1744-1818 AD): الخرج في عهد الدولة السعودية الأولى (1157 – 1233هـ / 1744 – 1818م)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 93-69
Author(s):  
Khalid Abdullah Alsaeed Khalid Abdullah Alsaeed
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Scientific Level ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

This study describes the political, economic and scientific conditions of the city of Al-Kharj during the reign of the first Saudi state (1157-1233 AH / 1744-1818 AD). Firstly, on the political level, Al-Kharj is considered one of the most hostile cities in Diriyah for years, and it occurred in many wars, before it submitted. Secondly, on the economic level, Al-Kharj has two advantages that it is less likely to combine with others: the first is that it is an agricultural oasis famous for its abundance of water, fertility of its soil and good harvests, and the second is that it occupies a unique location that made it a passage for pilgrimage and trade caravans. Thirdly, on the scientific level, Al-Kharj, according to the sources and references available to us, witnessed jurisprudential diversity prior to its accession to the Saudi state, but it was not an active scientific center, and perhaps the future reveals to us secrets that we do not know and contradict our understanding.

1918–1920

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Daniel-Joseph MacArthur-Seal
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
The Future ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The sub-chapter traces major military and political developments in the eastern Mediterranean in 1918–1920, beginning with the arrival of British and Allied forces in Istanbul. It sketches out the political debate over the future of the city and wider Ottoman Empire through the series of Allied diplomatic meetings that set out the terms of what would become the Treaty of Sèvres. The chapter also summarises developments in Anatolia following the Greek occupation of Izmir in May 1919, the reaction to which crystalized the emerging nationalist movement in Anatolia, and in southern Russia and the Caucasus, where Bolshevik and White Russian forces competed for control with non-Russian national movements. Finally, it outlines the political debate over the future of Egypt and the impact of the revolution of 1919, one of a growing number of anti-colonial uprisings which Britain was forced to contend with in the period.

Ritual Time and Popular Expectations of Papal Rule in Early Modern Rome

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
John M. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
Early Modern Rome ◽  
The City

The political and ritual life of early modern Rome provided its inhabitants ample opportunities not only to express grievances with papal government but also to voice expectations of newly elected pontiffs. Three ritual moments in particular—each linked as a cycle related to the pope’s reign—looked toward the future. These were the papal election, the possesso (the newly elected pontiff’s procession to San Giovanni in Laterano), and the pope’s death. As the papal election commenced in the conclave, Romans communicated their hopes for a pontiff who would adhere to a traditional moral economy by keeping the city abundantly supplied with grain and other foodstuffs. The ceremonies connected to the possesso reinforced these concerns; during the pope’s procession from Saint Peter’s to San Giovanni, the people greeted him with placards, statues, and ritual shouts, which reminded him to uphold this sacred duty. A pope who failed to abide by this moral economy faced popular discontent. This took the form of murmuring and pasquinades that wished for his imminent death, thus anticipating an end to his odious reign and to the future freedoms of the vacant see, a time in which the machinery of papal government and justice halted, allowing the people to vocalize their anger. Immediately on the heels of the pope’s death came the papal election, starting the cycle anew. This paper will argue that the rhythms of papal government enabled the people to articulate their expectations of papal rule, both present and future, grounded in traditional paternalism.

The Demise of Community and Ecology in the Pacific Northwest: Historical Roots of the Ancient Forest Conflict

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton W. Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ancient Forest ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Economic

The Pacific Northwest has become the site of a bitterly fought struggle over the future of the remaining 10% of the region's ancient, or “old growth,” forests. The remaining stands of these forests are important components of the local economy and of the region's ecology. The article begins with a brief description of the economic and ecological crises which are now coming to fruition as a result of the loss of 90% of these forests. It then provides a description of the cultural heritage and sense of community which is being lost in the small, timber-dependent communities of the region—a social crisis resulting from the economic and ecological crises. In conclusion, the article argues that all of these crises should be understood as resulting from the political, economic, and historical circumstances which facilitated the emergence of the largest and wealthiest timber ownership.

scholarly journals A POLÍTICA DE CARIDADE, ASSISTÊNCIA E PROTEÇÃO À INFÂNCIA DESVALIDA EM BELÉM DO PARÁ: DO IMPÉRIO À REPÚBLICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Laura Maria Silva Araújo Alves
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Childhood Care ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é trazer a lume a política de caridade, assistência e proteção à infância desvalida em Belém do Pará, do período que se estende do Império à República. No século XIX, a infância deveria ser assistida na capital do Pará em decorrência da política idealizada e implementada pela elite paraense. Assim, a infância que precisava ser assistida era designada de “órfã” e “exposta”. A primeira, dizia respeito, também, à criança que tinha perdido um dos pais, e a segunda, chamada, também, “enjeitada” ou “desvalida”, correspondia à criança que alguém não quis cuidar ou receber. Este artigo está divido em três partes. Na primeira, situo a cidade de Belém do Pará, em termos políticos, econômicos e sociais, no cenário do Brasil República, em interface com a infância. Na segunda parte, destaco as políticas assistenciais e filantrópicas no atendimento à infância no Pará e o ideário higienista. E, por fim, na terceira, trago à cena algumas instituições que foram criadas em Belém do Pará, no período do Império à República, para abrigar a criança órfã e desvalida.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The objective of this article is to bring to light the charity, assistance and protection policy for disfavored childhood in Belém-PA, from the period of the Empire to the Brazilian Republic. In the 19th century, children should be assisted in the capital of the state of  Pará as a result of the political idealization implemented by this state’s elite. Therefore, the ones who needed to be assisted were designated as “orphans” or “exposed”. The former ones, not exclusively, were the children who had lost one of their parents; the latter ones, also referred to as “rejected” or “disfavored”, corresponded to the children none would look after or welcome. This article is divided into three parts. In the first, the city of  Belém is situated in political, economic and social terms, interfaced with childhood, in the scenario of the Brazilian Republic. In the second, the assistance and philanthropic policies for childhood care, as well as the hygienist ideas, are highlighted. Finally, institutions created to shelter orphan and disfavored children in Belém, from the period of the Empire to the Republic, are brought to centre stage.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Grão Pará. Childhood. Disfavored Children. Hygienism. Welfarism. Philantropy.</p>

Lingua receptiva in Europe: the map and the territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
Magdalena Steciąg
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
European Language ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
Transnational Communication ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Political Economic

As a result of complex and closely-related social, political, economic and technological processes, significant changes are now occurring in the European language situation. While these processes foster participation in the transnational communication community, they also reinforce the linguistic identity, based on their distinction. In view of these contradictory but non-exclusive trends, one should consider the multilingual systems that would better reflect the dynamics of real changes. For this purpose, the concept of lingua receptiva will be presented. Geographical and cultural perspectives are taken into account in this paper. Emphasis is on the space of discursive interculturalism, in which contacts in more or less fixed language constellations constantly take place. Its allocation on the political map of the European continent is not performative, but based on the literature. However, it does illustrate the challenges for the future of European receptive multilingualism.

The Material Frame

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Walter Armbrust
Keyword(s):  
General Character ◽  
The Political ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Performance Space ◽  
Tahrir Square ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Material Frame ◽  
The City ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter discusses the material frame of Tahrir Square. As a space, it has been shaped by the political-economic policies of the past four decades, which essentially turned it into an antihuman space, nominally suitable only as a “nonplace” that people passed through. A liberalized economy under the umbrella of a state that systematically redistributed income upward shaped demands for “bread, freedom, and social justice” as surely as it walled off Bulaq from communication with its urban surroundings, segregated Garden City to protect the imperial agents of the “Washington consensus,” and prepared downtown for private redevelopment. The causes of the revolution were inscribed in the urban fabric of its primary theater. It should be emphasized that the revolution-era character of Tahrir Square is incomprehensible without linking it to the growth of the formal parts of the expanding city, specifically the suburbs and their gated communities. But it is equally incomprehensible without similarly linking it to the even more significant growth of the informal parts of the city, and indeed the more general character of informality in many spheres of life, most significantly labor, which was systematically made precarious by the same design that poured resources into the new cities and slated Bulaq for extinction. However, the quotidian antihuman Tahrir Square depicted in the chapter has greater depth as a performance space than one might think.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stangl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Reconstruction Effort ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City

The center of Berlin lay in ruins at the end of World War II. Cultural and political leaders faced decisions regarding what to restore, rebuild, or raze. Yet the future of Berlin would not be envisioned in a vacuum. They would wittingly and unwittingly draw from inherited traditions, ideologies, and theories to structure their understanding of the city and guide decision-making about its future. For Berliners, the rebuilding of their destroyed city would remain a central part of their lives for years. Communist political leaders sought to mobilize the population for the reconstruction effort and to use this effort in the political socialization of the citizenry.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Debt and Entitlements

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2568-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Bouton ◽  
Alessandro Lizzeri ◽  
Nicola Persico
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Market Frictions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract This article presents a dynamic political-economic model of total government obligations. Its focus is on the interplay between debt and entitlements. In our model, both are tools by which temporarily powerful groups can extract resources from groups that will be powerful in the future: debt transfers resources across periods; entitlements directly target the future allocation of resources. We prove the following results. First, the presence of endogenous entitlements dampens the incentives of politically powerful groups to accumulate debt, but it leads to an increase in total government obligations. Second, fiscal rules can have perverse effects: if entitlements are unconstrained, and there are capital market frictions, debt limits lead to an increase in total government obligations and to worse outcomes for all groups. Analogous results hold for entitlement limits. Third, our model sheds some lights on the influence of capital market frictions on the incentives of governments to adopt fiscal rules, and implement entitlement programs. Finally, we identify preference polarization as a possible explanation for the joint growth of debt and entitlements.

scholarly journals EU LAND POLICY – PATHWAY TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE EUROPE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Loreta Schwarczová ◽  
Anna Bandlerová
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Scientific Level ◽  
International Funding ◽  
Funding Programme ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The land policy plays a key role in the frame of priorities of the EU and influences the political, economic and social development of countries and regions. The Faculty of European Studies and Regional Development of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra has been active in various aspects of the policy mainly by the support of national and international funding programmes. One of the most actively developed European funding programme at the faculty is the Jean Monnet programme. The structure and priorities of the Jean Monnet programme are sufficiently complemented to the mission and priorities of the faculty at the educational and scientific level. The paper especially focuses on the realization, impact and sustainability of achieved project results.

scholarly journals Kaunas of 1919-1939: a temporary capital built by its citizens

Artifex Novus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-57
Author(s):  
Vaidas Petrulis
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Exceptional Collection ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
National Romanticism ◽  
The City

W latach 1919-1939, wskutek sytuacji politycznej, Kowno zyskało status tymczasowej stolicy Litwy. Te dwie dekady, w czasie których miasto było centrum wielu ważkich wydarzeń politycznych, ekonomicznych i kulturalnych, znacznie przyczyniły się do stworzenia tożsamości Kowna. W tym okresie miał miejsce boom architektoniczny, który zaowocował pojawieniem się wyjątkowej grupy budynków, charakteryzujących się unikalnym połączeniem rozmaitych wpływów i interpretacji modernizmu oraz narodowego romantyzmu. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia historyczny przegląd kulturalnych i ekonomicznych okoliczności, które wpłynęły na rozwój budownictwa w Kownie w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. Due to the political circumstances from 1919 to 1939 the city of Kaunas had a status of provisional capital of Lithuania. Two decades of being at the epicentre of political, economic and cultural events greatly contributed to the creation of the city‘s identity. Construction boom of these years left an exceptional collection of architecture behind, with a unique combination of different influences and interpretations of modernism and national romanticism. This article will give a historical overview of cultural and economic circumstances which influenced architectural development between two World Wars.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document