scholarly journals BOILER PLANTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION FROM INDUSTRY HARMFUL EFFECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
O.P. Voinov ◽  
◽  
Yu.G. Elkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract. At present, environmental problems have become aggravated. The production process has a negative impact on the natural environment. It accumulates these harmful secondary effects. The degree of their harmful effects is increasing rapidly. The natural environment, taking into account its self-healing, undergoes dangerous, irreversible changes in its state. Now it is possible to talk only about slowing down this process. The ability to slow down and then stop the increase in the harmful impact on the natural environment is the essence of the nature conservation activities of humanity. It is necessary to move from a strategy of using the natural environment to a strategy of parity interaction with it. The problem was discussed at the Kyoto and Paris conferences of global importance. Among the branches of production, the most dangerous for the natural environment is energy. Its harmful effect is complex. Defending against it is a complex environmental issue. The adopted energy saving program actively contributes to solving the problem of saving the natural environment from degradation and death. The most environmentally aggressive element of power plants is solid fuel boiler plants. Reducing the intensity of their impact is the main direction of activities to protect the natural environment. The most difficult technical object is considered the power unit of a large thermal power plant. The most difficult part is the boiler plant. The most difficult element is the steam boiler. The level of environmental friendliness of the boiler is highly dependent on the degree of its wear. The problem of updating the fleet of boilers is of current importance. The general line of improving the environmental friendliness of production should be considered an increase in the level of environmental friendliness of power plants, especially those using fossil fuels, and a decrease in their emissions of carbon dioxide and heat. It is necessary to improve boiler installations, to increase their efficiency level, and the quality of their management. It is important to ensure the modernization of worn-out boiler installations based on their complete or partial renewal. In the formation of the power engineering of the future, the socio-psychological position of humanity must be radically changed.

scholarly journals Involvement in the economic turnover of ash and slag waste of thermal power plants in the interests of eco-oriented economic development

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Pukhov ◽  
Svetlana Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Ash And Slag Waste ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Slag Waste

The article is devoted to the problem of reducing environmental pollution from ash and slag waste and obtaining benefits from their use in the national economy. The main aspects of the negative impact of ash and slag waste on the environment are considered. The use of ash and slag materials in the economy of Russia and foreign countries is characterized. The main problems in the waste management system in the Russian Federation, which impede the wider involvement of waste from thermal power plants in economic circulation, are identified. In the interests of reducing the negative impact of waste from thermal power plants on the environment and their more active involvement in the economic turnover, the most promising directions in this area have been identified. The current trends in the development of ash and slag waste management and the problems in this area are highlighted. The authors proposed to use an integrated approach to the waste management of thermal power plants, which covers various areas of technological activity and takes into account production, economic, environmental and other factors. The article presents a set of factors developed within the framework of the proposed approach that stimulate and hinder the development of projects in the field of waste management of thermal power plants. A set of indicators is proposed for analyzing projects (measures, programs) for the waste management of thermal power plants in the Russian Federation, reflecting commercial, environmental, socio-economic, legal interests. An approach and methodological basis for comparing alternative technologies (projects) for the treatment of waste from thermal power plants and selecting the most efficient are proposed. An algorithm for using an integrated approach to waste management of thermal power plants in the interests of sustainable economic development is proposed. The main provisions and conclusions of the study can be used in the practical activities of the fuel and energy complex, and can also serve as material for training specialists in the field of waste management and ensuring the environmental safety of the fuel and energy complex.

scholarly journals Тoxicity of exhaust gasessolid fuel boiler KE-25-14S

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
M. S. Ivanitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article deals with the implementation of the new national environmental legislation, which provides for the division of all energy enterprises into 4 categories depending on the degree of negative impact on the environment, the introduction of technological rationing, implemented on the principles of the best available technologies, provided that they are technically possible to use them, and the differentiation of state regulation measures in the field of environmental protection. Within the framework of this approach, the values of the total index of harmfulness (toxicity) of combustion products formed during the burning of Berezovsky coal of the B2 grade (enrichment class P) were determined by numerical experiments in order to assess the impact on the environment of emissions from low-power boilers KE-25-14C. The total emission hazard index is determined by taking into account the contribution of specific hazard indicators of combustion components represented by nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ash particles, vanadium pentaoxide and benz(a)pyrene. The private contribution of the considered pollutants to the total toxicity of emissions in the implementation of combustion regimes with moderate and large chemical underburning of fuel is established. Practical recommendations are given for using the results of the study as input data for setting technological standards for boilers of thermal power plants in the process of approval and obtaining a comprehensive environmental permit, and for developing a program to improve the environmental efficiency of energy enterprises.

scholarly journals Matrix method to solve inverse problem of heat transfer in heat exchangers with phase transition in heat carriers

Vestnik IGEU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
A.E. Barochkin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Heat Carriers

The transition to environmentally friendly and resource-saving energy, efficient use of natural resources and energy performance are the key priorities of the state energy policy of the Russian Federation. Maximum use of heat combustion of fuel and simultaneously production of condensate water of the combustion products of natural gas is one of the directions of energy saving policy. Despite many scientific papers on the issues of utilization of flue gas heat, condensation heat exchangers are not used in most gas boiler houses, energy power providers and thermal power plants in this country. And there are several reasons to explain this fact due to the lack of universal methods to calculate and design condensation-type heat exchangers. Thus, the development of new methods to simulate multithreaded heat exchangers considering the phase transition in heat carriers is an urgent task of power engineering and industry sectors. Matrix models of heat transfer based on mass and energy balance equations are applied to solve the inverse problem of heat transfer in heat exchangers, considering the phase transition in heat carriers. A method to calculate and select the designs of multi-threaded heat exchangers, considering the phase transition in heat carriers, has been developed. The author suggests a numerical solution to choose the design of a contact economizer of a heat power plant steam boiler used for heat recovery of flue gases to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method to solve the inverse problem of heat transfer provides the possibility to identify simultaneously the most acceptable values of the parameters of heat carriers and design characteristics of heat exchangers for various purposes.

scholarly journals The criteria for evaluation of efficiency of heat technical installations considering general energy costs with the aim of increasing their environmental friendliness and reducing negative effect on the environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 08010
Author(s):  
Alexander Kulikov ◽  
Irena Ivanova ◽  
Irina Russkova ◽  
Jaromír Veber
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
General Physical

The features of the physical meaning of the thermal coefficient useful action (CUA) ηt as a criterion for the efficiency of reversible direct circular processes are considered. In particular, we demonstrate that accounting for all energy costs when applying ηt is made by adopting a number of assumptions by default. In order to expand the possibilities for conducting thermodynamic assessments of the efficiency of various thermal power plants, a new criterion of efficiency Ku is proposed as a coefficient that takes into account in a comparable form all types of energy spent on the implementation of the cycle. In determining the criterion Ku, useful effect obtained from the implementation of a direct circular process is considered to be the specific work of the expansion of the working fluid in the cycle. Such work, in particular, can be the work of steam expansion in the turbine. The total energy cost is the sum of the specific heat supplied to the working body in a circular process and the specific mechanical work spent in the cycle on compression and pressure increase of the working body. In particular, the work is taken into account in a comparable form-taking into account the heat that was spent on its production. The analysis of the Ku criterion is carried out. As a result of the analysis we have established that at transition from the general physical model of reception of specific work of expansion in direct circular process for which Ku criterion can be applied, to the special case assuming a number of assumptions, Ku criterion can become equal to thermal coefficient useful action of a cycle. Using the Ku criterion, the efficiency of Carnot and Rankine cycles on a saturated pair is compared. The Ku score showed that the Rankine cycle was more efficient.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Performance Indicators of a Cogeneration STU as Affected by Changing the Internal Relative Efficiency of the Backpressure Steam Turbine Compartments

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Programming System ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
The Core

The authors carried out the circuit-parametric optimization studies of a promising cogeneration STU, which includes a backpressure steam turbine and a gas-fired steam boiler capable of heat recovery from flue gases. A mathematical model was employed to analyze how the internal relative efficiency of the steam turbine compartments in such an STU could affect the core operating parameters and the design characteristics of the heat exchange equipment of the unit. Mathematical modeling and circuit-parametric optimizations were run in the Machine Programming System, a software package developed by the Department of Heat and Power Systems, Melentiev Energy Systems Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The optimization criterion was the price of STU-supplied electricity at the given prices of supplied heat and fuel with the adjustment for the internal rate of return on investment. Circuit-parametric optimizations show that the price of electric energy from a cogeneration STU linearly depends on the internal relative efficiency of the turbine compartments, and when it changes from 0.82 to 0.9, the price of electric energy decreases by 0.03 cents/kW. The cost effect of the increase in efficiency can be up to 98.79 thous. USD/year given the quantitative supply of electricity from the STU. The methodological approach used in this work enables feasibility testing of the attempts to improve the internal relative efficiency of the steam turbine compartments and can be useful both in the design and operation of thermal power plants. The estimated effects of internal relative efficiency of the turbine compartments on the core operating parameters and the characteristics of the unit will help determine the reliability and efficiency of its operation.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRY IS THE IMPORTANT RESULT OF ITS FUNCTIONING CONTROL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Voinova ◽  
D. V. Dets
Keyword(s):  
Control Process ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
Ecological Efficiency ◽  
Technical Object ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
A Chain ◽  
World Industry ◽  
Harmful Effects

The modern complex state of the natural environment, caused by the harmful impact of the rapidly developing world industry on it, is considered. It is pointed out the acute urgency of the utmost reduction of the harmful effects of industry.  It is noted that the world's power engineering is the most active source of harmful effects increasing with acceleration on  living and non-living nature. The ecological essence of the concept of energy saving is revealed. It is shown that high-quality control of the operation of technical objects is a productive means of increasing the level of ecological efficiency of enterprise operations. A chain of interrelated circumstances that determines the strict dependence of the degree of environmental friendliness of a technical object on the quality of the control process of its operation is considered. The issues of ecological modernization of the enterprise as a means of increasing the ecological efficiency of its enterprise activities are considered. There are specified the components of the company's environmental efficiency in accordance with the state standard.

scholarly journals Investigating the Palm Oil Mill Wastes Properties for Thermal Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Noraishah Shafiqah Yacob ◽  
Hassan Mohamed ◽  
Abd Halim Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Renewable energy is a reliable solution for addressing global warming and fossil fuel depletion issues. Due to the abundance of biomass resources, such as palm oil wastes, which are currently underutilised, this is an opportunity for Malaysia to seize and implement this renewable energy solution for power generation. Palm oil mill wastes, such as empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm mesocarp fibre (PMF), and palm kernel shell (PKS), are worth to be investigated as a possible feedstock for combustion in thermal power plants. Co-combustion or co-firing of biomass in coal-fired thermal power plants offers a significant potential to reduce harmful emissions and represents a low cost and low-risk method. This paper aims to review and compare existing biomass thermal combustion technologies globally to evaluate the potential of utilising palm oil waste with coal. Before undergoing various pretreatment options, it is necessary to understand the feedstock characteristics for thermal power plant combustion. It is recommended to implement the combustion of palm oil wastes with coal in Malaysia to reduce harmful pollution. Based on the findings, Malaysia appears to be on the right track to optimise the use of palm oil wastes for electricity generation. The enhanced usage will reduce the negative impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

scholarly journals Ash From Thermal Power Plants as Secondary Raw Material

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladica Čudić ◽  
Dragica Kisić ◽  
Dragoslava Stojiljković ◽  
Aleksandar Jovović
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Secondary Raw Material ◽  
The Republic

Ash From Thermal Power Plants as Secondary Raw MaterialThe basic characteristic of thermal power plants in the Republic of Serbia is that they use low-grade brown coal (lignite) as a fuel. Depending on the location of coal mines, lignite may have different properties such as heating value, moisture, and mineral content, resulting in different residue upon combustion. Because of several million tonnes of ash and slag generated every year, their granularmetric particle size distribution, and transport and disposal methods, these plants have a negative impact on the environment. According to the waste classification system in the Republic of Serbia, ash and slag from thermal power plants are classified as hazardous waste, but with an option of usability. The proposed revision of waste legislation in Serbia brings a number of simple and modern solutions. A procedure is introduced which allows for end-of-waste criteria to be set, clarifying the point where waste ceases to be waste, and thereby introducing regulatory relief for recycled products or materials that represent low risk for the environment. The new proposal refocuses waste legislation on the environmental impacts of the generation and management of waste, taking into account the life cycle of resources, and develops new waste prevention programmes. Stakeholders, as well as the general public, should have the opportunity to participate in the drawing up of the programmes, and should have access to them.

Research of negative impact on a state of environment in the Russian Federation

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Оксана Бабенко ◽  
Oksana Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the problems of ecology and managing natural resources. The author investigated the main sources influencing on the environment and identified the processes that don’t allow the environment to be clean. The author shows the distribution of harmful substances emissions as a result of the impact of automobile transport, the dependence of the concentration of harmful substances in the different categories of vehicles is presented, the predominant pollutant chemical compounds from automobile transport are revealed, also the most dangerous factors of transport pollution, affecting on the health of the population are identified, the norms of harmful substances emissions into the atmosphere (the maximum allowable levels), actual data and comparative analysis of emissions into the atmosphere by 2005, 2010 2013 are given. The article presents the results of analysis of the influence of thermal power plants on the ecological state of the environment and their impact on health of population, and particularly highlighted the results of the ash and slag dumps TPP environmental impact, the analysis of which allowed to reveal extent of exerted environmental damage, that defined by composition of ash, preserving type, physiographic and climatic characteristics of the area. In addition to the negative impact of thermal power plants on the environment, there is considered the significant harm caused by wastewater discharges of TPP into water bodies, the sources of which are petroleum products, chlorides, sulfates, salts of heavy metals and other. The author carried out the monitoring of pollutants emissions into the atmosphere and water bodies and offered the ways to solve this problem for improving the state of the environment and water.

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