scholarly journals TEST OF A NET DOME FRAGMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Hilodo O.Y. ◽  
◽  
Arsiriy A.M. ◽  
Korshak О.М. ◽  
Kovtun V.P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Spherical Structure ◽  
Geodesic Domes ◽  
Adhesive Connections ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost

A geodesic or net dome, also known as a Fuller’s dome, is a spherical structure. Geodesic domes are well receptive to asymmetric loads, especially snow and wind, have high aerodynamics, increased rigidity and stability. It should be noted that the larger the diameter of the sphere, the greater its bearing capacity, and the strength of such dome slightly depends on the building materials used. With significant advantages, the design and construction of wooden net domes has not become widespread. The fact is that net domes are spatial structures with a large number of elements, which accordingly entails a large number of nodes. The elements of the dome are connected with dowels, wet film gauge, bolts, wood screws, staples, screws, nails. Adhesive connections on washers are used, also steel clamps, straps, overlays are applied. However, they all have disadvantages, the scope of each connector is different, and their cost is often comparable to the cost of the dome elements. We offer a universal connector for connecting dome parts at any angle. As a result of introduction of such technical decision of knot, we receive essential simplification of a design, reduction of quantity of components, at the same time with increase of its manufacturability. To study the operation of the joint of wooden glue-board elements of the dome with the use of a universal connector, its experimental studies were carried out. The purpose of the study: to study the actual operation of the connection of wooden parts of the dome with a universal connector in the form of rotating fasteners that rotate freely on the draw bolt, to assess its strength and deformability, to assess the possibility of using such a connection in the design of spatial structures. To solve the tasks, a full-scale fragment of the dome was tested, which includes characteristic nodes with rigid adjacency of elements to each other.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF GEOTEXTILE MATERIALS DURING CONSTRUCTION OF DAMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
H.V. Slobodianyk ◽  
◽  
K.Z. Shokot ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Cost

One of the real and promising ways to expand the range and types of structures for strengthening the slopes of embankments and dams is the use of geotextile materials. In the structures under consideration, they can perform protective, filtering, separating, reinforcing functions and moreover they improve the working conditions of the soil and layers of road pavements on the sides of the road and in the slope parts, increasing their stability. The use of geotextiles makes it possible to develop technically and economically effective design solutions. As the analysis of literature data has shown, soil reinforcement is an effective method for increasing the bearing capacity of foundations at a relatively low cost. Therefore, research, both theoretical and experimental, the development and creation of computational models taking into account the influence of reinforcing elements is an urgent problem. The paper considers the stress-strain state of a bulk dam without and with two options for the location of geotextiles. On the basis of the carried out numerical modeling, it is shown how when using geotextiles, the bearing capacity of a structure increases, while the volume of materials decreases. At the second stage, on the basis of the calculations, the optimal variant of the location of the geotextile material in the body of the structure was selected with the best technical and economic indicators. The research results show that when reinforcing the embankment with open clips in two rows – in the upper and lower parts-the smallest horizontal and vertical movements are obtained at almost the same total stresses. At the same time, the required value of the resistance coefficient is achieved, and the volume of soil is reduced. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of geotextile materials can reduce the cost of basic building materials while increasing operational characteristics and extending the service life of the structure.

scholarly journals Effect of Peat on Physicomechanical Properties of Cemented Brick

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mofachirul Islam ◽  
Roslan Hashim ◽  
A. B. M. Saiful Islam ◽  
Ryan Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Materials Used

The popularity of low cost, lightweight, and environmentally affable masonry unit in building industry carries the need to investigate more flexible and adaptable brick component as well as to retain the requirements confirmed in building standards. In this study, potential use of local materials used as lightweight building materials in solving the economic problems of housing has been investigated. Experimental studies on peat added bricks have been carried out. It demonstrates the physicomechanical properties of bricks and investigates the influence of peat, sand, and cement solid bricks to the role of various types of constructional applications. The achieved compressive strength, spitting strength, flexural strength, unit weight, and ultrasonic pulse velocity are significantly reduced and the water absorption is increased with percentage wise replacement of peat as aggregate in the samples. The maximum 20% of (% mass) peat content meets the requirements of relevant well-known international standards. The experimental values illustrate that, the 44% volumetric replacement with peat did not exhibit any sudden brittle fracture even beyond the ultimate loads and a comparatively smooth surface is found. The application of peat as efficient brick substance shows a potential to be used for wall and a viable solution in the economic buildings design.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fire on Building Materials: The Case-Study of the Varnakova Monastery Cells in Central Greece

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1233-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterini T. Delegou ◽  
Maria Apostolopoulou ◽  
Ioanna Ntoutsi ◽  
Marina Thoma ◽  
Vasileios Keramidas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

The evaluation of the fire impact on building materials is of great scientific and socio-economic importance since fire can result in materials’ chemical and mechanical alterations, which leads to structural stability problems of historical and/or modern construction. This highly increases the cost of rehabilitation interventions. The case study of the Byzantine Monastery of Panagia (Virgin Mary) Varnakova is an example of the fire effect on both historical and newer stone masonries. The Varnakova Monastery is a typical 19th century monastic complex and, during its long history, it has undergone multiple reconstructions after major catastrophic events that have taken place due to its strategic geographical position and its financial and spiritual significance for the region. The last big-scale renovation of the Monastery was conducted between the years 1992 to 2014. However, in January 2017, a devastating fire destroyed the largest part of the monastic cells’ quarter. In this work, a diagnostic study of the different construction phases’ materials comprising the masonries of the monastery cells in their present state is presented. The examination of a series of samples through analytical techniques, such as optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and total immersion tests, along with the use of non-destructive techniques in situ, such as Infra Red Thermography, Digital Microscopy, and Schmidt Hammer Rebound tests, shed light on the preservation state and on the decay of the diverse building materials. In addition, the impact of the fire on their properties was investigated. The results reveal the diversity of the materials used in the historical masonries throughout the centuries, while the combination of analytical and non-destructive techniques demonstrates the damages induced by the fire.

scholarly journals SOME TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF VIBRATION CENTRIFUGAL EQUIPMENT AS A FACTOR IN CONTROL OF CONCRETE PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
M. Nazhuev ◽  
P. Dzhamilova ◽  
F. Bataeva ◽  
Z. Bakaev ◽  
A. Kukaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Integral Characteristics ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Concrete Elements ◽  
Centrifugal Equipment

An increase in the volume of construction requires innovations in technological, structural and design solutions for reinforced concrete elements. As a result of the centrifugation method, variatropic concretes with different cross-sectional characteristics and structures made from them. Therefore, at the stages of calculation and design of building structures of a variatropic structure, an unreasonably large supply of bearing capacity is usually laid, leading to an impressive rise in the cost of promising building structures. It is proposed to combine centrifugation with vibration to increase the density and ensure a more uniform distribution of the components of the concrete mixture over the wall thickness of an annular section product, in particular columns. Vibration will be ensured through the use of clamps, which are put on the shafts of the installation. Within the framework of the proposed experimental setup for creating vibrocentrifuged samples of annular cross-section with a variatropic structure and a method for their manufacture, the technological parameters of vibration are identified, which have the most significant effect on the characteristics of vibrocentrifuged concrete. In the experiments, the following technological factors varied: the height of the technological protrusions of the clamps and the vibration mode. The problem of assessing the influence of these factors on the integral characteristics of concrete is investigated. The results of experimental studies of the influence of the considered technological factors on the integral characteristics of vibrocentrifuged concrete are presented. The results obtained show the feasibility of continuing the study of rational technological parameters of vibrocentrifugation to improve the characteristics of concrete and regulate its variatropy, which will allow the proposed method to be patented in the future and to design an improved vibrocentrifuged column with more fully utilized reserves of the bearing capacity of building structures.

scholarly journals ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ И НЕСУЩЕЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ НАКЛОННЫХ СЕЧЕНИЙ ПОВРЕЖДЕННЫХ ЖЕЛЕЗОБЕТОННЫХ БАЛОК ПРЯМОУГОЛЬНОГО СЕЧЕНИЯ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. Klymenko ◽  
K. Polianskyi
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Longitudinal Reinforcement ◽  
Concentrated Force ◽  
Shear Span ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
2D And 3D

В статье представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований несущей способности наклонных сечений железобетонных балок с повреждениями в сжатой зоне бетона в виде сколов. Испытано 16 однопролетных свободно опертых образцов с размерами 100х200х1200 мм и рабочим пролетом 1000 мм. Нагрузка приложена в виде сосредоточенной силы на расстоянии пролета среза 1d, 2d и 3d. Материалы, использованные для изготовления образцов бетон класса С25/30, рабочая продольная арматура класса А500С 18 мм, поперечная арматура в виде хомутов и сжатая продольная арматура класса А240С 6 мм. Искусственные повреждения закладывались у одной грани глубиной 0 мм, 50 мм и 100 мм, углом наклона 0, 30 и 60. Все экспериментальные образцы разрушены по наклонному сечению. В ходе теоретического анализа полученных данных определено, что такого вида повреждения ведут к снижению несущей способности и изменению напряженно деформированного состояния нейтральная ось наклоняется относительно действия силовой плоскости, предельные деформации бетона увеличиваются, а поперечной арматуры уменьшаются. Уменьшение величины пролета среза от 3d до 1d ведет к значительному увеличению несущей способности, уменьшению предельных деформаций бетона и поперечной арматуры. Проанализировано, что среди исследуемых факторов наибольшее влияние имеет пролет среза, глубина повреждения в меньшей степени, а угол наклона повреждения влияет наименьшим образом. Предложена усовершенствованная методика определения остаточной несущей способности наклонных сечений поврежденных прямоугольных балок, максимальная разница с экспериментальными данными составила 28,13 , коэффициент вариации составил 10,3 .The article reports on the results of the experimental studies to determine the residual bearing capacity of inclined sections of reinforced concrete beams with concrete damages in compressed zone. 16 single-span freely supported experimental samples with dimensions of 1002001200 mm and the working span is 1000 mm were tested. The acted load on the samples was applied as a concentrated force at a shear span of 1d, 2d and 3d. Materials used for make samples are concrete of grade C25/30, working longitudinal reinforcement of grade A500C 18 mm, constructive longitudinal reinforcement and transverse reinforcement in the form of vertical links 6 mm of grade А240С. Artificial damages was lied at one edge of a depth of 0 mm, 50 mm and 100 mm, and with a tilt angle of 0, 30 and 60. All experimental samples are destroyed in inclined section. During the theoretical analysis of the data obtained, it was determined that this type of damage leads to a decrease in the residual bearing capacity and a changes in the stress-strain state - the neutral axis is tilted relative to the action of the force plane, the ultimate deformations of concrete increase, and the transverse reinforcement decreases. A decrease in the cut-off span from 3d to 1d leads to a significant increase in the bearing capacity, a decrease in the ultimate deformations of the concrete and transverse reinforcement. It is analyzed that among the studied factors, the shear span has the greatest influence, the depth of damage is less, and the angle of damage inclination influences the least.. An improved method for determining the residual bearing capacity of inclined sections of damaged rectangular beams is proposed, the maximum difference with experimental data was 28,13, the coefficient of variation was 10,3.

Parameters Of Technological Processes Reengineering

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Machine Time ◽  
Time Machine ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Technical Capability ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article is devoted to reengineering of technological processes - a method of their qualitative transformation on an innovative basis, which in turn assumes the availability of tools that make it possible to establish the economic efficiency and technical capability of such transformations of construction production, to identify the effect of their implementation. In this regard, the problem of forming a parametric model of reengineering of construction technological processes, which involves four enlarged groups of indicators that reflect the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the processes: materials used, working time, machine time, spatial organization, is considered. It is established that parameters can have either an absolute (physical, cost) or relative (point, percentage) expression and also make their own decomposition. The practical significance of the provisions given in the article is determined by the development of methods of technical rationing, which leads to a reduction in the cost and duration of construction.

TRADITIONAL OUTBUILDINGS OF THE MORDOVIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Mokshina ◽  
Mihail I. Svyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Genetic Problem ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Functional Purpose

Introduction. The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvinians are described in details. Their significance in the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods of ethnographic science, such as field observation, survey and interviews, and a comprehensive approach. Among the methods of historical science comparative-historical, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, structural-system were used. Among the general scientific methods of research logical, descriptive, narrative, generalization, classification and systematization were involved. To achieve the results of the study, the materials collected by the authors in the course of field surveys conducted in the Mordovian villages were mainly used. Results and Discussion. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, firewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and financial capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the less wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Conclusion. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now ordinarily they have banya (bath-house), outdoor courtyard with standing in different places sheds, barn and cellar.

scholarly journals Effects of Increase in the Cost of Building Materials on the Delivery of Affordable Housing in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Bimpe Alabi ◽  
Julius Fapohunda
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Increase ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Adequate Provision ◽  
The Cost

Adequate provision of affordable human settlements is a huge challenge in South Africa since its independence. This paper investigates the effects of the cost increase of building materials on affordable housing delivery in South Africa. With potential solutions for cost minimisation of building materials, with the aim of achieving affordable housing delivery in South Africa are provided. This study uses a sequential mixed methods approach, wherein surveys were conducted among the construction professionals (project managers, site managers architects, site engineers, quantity surveyors, contractors, building materials suppliers, and government workers) in the construction industry within Cape Town, South Africa, who were considered as the research participants. The qualitative data obtained from the survey exercise were analysed using content analysis, while the quantitative data were analysed using a descriptive statistical technique on SPSS. The findings attained show fluctuation in construction cost and a rise in maintenance cost (caused by poor workmanship) as significant effects in the cost increase of building materials for affordable housing delivery. Adequate application of the recommendations given in this study will minimise the effects of high cost of building materials and enhance affordable housing delivery. Appropriate handling of the findings given in this study will reduce the effects of the high cost of building materials and augment timely delivery of affordable housing and stakeholders’ satisfaction.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

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