scholarly journals PARAMETRIC MODELING IN ARCHITECTURE ON THE EXAMPLE OF CREATIVITY OF ZAHA HADID

Author(s):  
T. A. Dolgikh ◽  

Modern architecture is parametric architecture. Parametric entered our life not only through architecture, but also through design, fashion, industry, art. Zaha Hadid’s leading architects for many years successfully working in the style of parametric. Although parametric is rooted in digital animation techniques of the mid-1990s, it only became fully apparent in recent years with the development of advanced parametric computer programs. The so-called digital architecture, closely associated with programming, automatically converts volume, making it technically and economically feasible. Using computer programs, we can create a “thinking” building. Using the morphogenesis algorithm applied to different situations, we get unique buildings that are members of the same “population”. The most modern example of analysis allows us to determine the patterns of regional development by 25 parameters. Programmers have developed various scripts that form blocks around the perimeter, depending on the size of the land, proportion and orientation. These scripts are used in their work by leading architects in the field of parametric. This is best seen in the master plans of Zaha Hadid. Thus, the dynamic parametric architecture doesn’t create a separate building, but integrates it into the structure of space, linking modern architecture with the historical development of the city.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ангелина Вадимовна Яшкевич

В данной статье с опорой на тексты ряда исследователей раскрывается, что в современной архитектуре коллаж может использоваться и как метод, и как модель города. Автором выдвинут тезис о том, что одновременное использование коллажа по этим двум направлениям способно связать город и построения зданий в единую умозрительную логику, обеспечивая при этом целостность общего и его частей. In this article, based on the texts of a number of researchers, it is revealed that in Modern architecture a collage can be used both as a method and as a model of a city. The author put forward the thesis that the simultaneous use of a collage in these two areas is able to link the city and the construction of buildings into a single speculative logic, while ensuring the integrity of the general and its parts.


2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Lupala ◽  
John Lupala

One of the features that characterise the designated capital city of Dodoma is the limited green landscape element as a result of semiarid climatic conditions of the whole central region of Tanzania. Besides concerted efforts by the Dodoma urban authorities to develop greenery landscape within the city through the Capital City Development Programme, such efforts have fallen into conflict with people’s livelihood activities. In this paper, it is argued that the gap between identification of appropriate landscape features that are not consistent with people's lifestyles and the local conditions are the contributory factors to the observed conflicts between attempts to green the city and livelihoods of the residents. Borrowed planning concepts in the masterplans thatwere imposed on the contextof Dodoma do not reflectthe realityof thepeople's needs and priorities as regards their livelihoods. These concepts have to the greatest extent failed to integrate livelihood activities and greening initiatives. This paper underscores the need for developing locally based planning considerations that take cognisance of all stakeholders and the local context as a way towards harmonising greening initiatives while accommodating people's livelihood needs and activities.Key Words: greening initiatives, livelihood activities, semi-arid cities, urban planning, master plans, Dodoma, Tanzania. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Indah Khalimatul Lestari ◽  
Rian Destiningsih

The existence of construction in an area will have an influence on regional development. Likewise in the City of Magelang, the construction sector is a sector that contributes a fairly large GRDP with the construction of construction such as buildings and roads as the provision of facilities and infrastructure will result in an increase in community welfare which will also affect economic growth. The purpose of this study was identif construction sector in the form of roads and buildings with the results of a map of the distribution of construction in the City of Magelang by looking at the local construction service company so that it can be a reference in improving regional development, especially the construction sector to realize adequate infrastructure. As well as the socio-economic benefits of having a construction service company in Magelang City. This study used qualitative descriptive method with questionnaire, interview, observation and observation techniques. In the 2020 construction distribution map, there are high, medium and low building densities where high building densities dominate in the middle of the city along the main road. Road construction helps the distribution of goods and services and maximizes community access. The existence of a local construction service company provides benefits to the community both socially and economically, such as employment, services, and improvement of infrastructure facilities for the community. However, stronger synergy is needed to realize quality construction and utilize local resources in its implementation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (55) ◽  
pp. 980-1005
Author(s):  
Tiago Santos

Considerando a dinâmica e a estrutura urbana de Belém no início do século XXI como expressão da acumulação das intervenções urbanas e das práticas de planejamento e gestão do espaço da cidade, analisa-se a genealogia do planejamento urbano para compreender a produção de um espaço que tem como característica a negação da natureza e a produção da desigualdade entre classes sociais. Nesse aspecto, identificou-se três períodos específicos que produziram impactos significativos na produção do espaço urbano de Belém: o terceiro quarto do século XVIII (1755 – 1777) com as reformas promovidas no período Pombalino na Amazônia, momento de expressão de uma modernidade urbana e arquitetônica; o final do século XIX e a primeira década do século XX (1890 – 1910), momento de ascensão da economia regional a partir da intensificação de atividades extrativas que produziram reformas urbanísticas com tons higienistas e; por fim, o período entre 1940 e 1970, que marcou uma série de propostas de planejamento com viés técnico-burocrático na produção do espaço. Do ponto de vista da metodologia adotada, estabeleceu-se como percurso de pesquisa: i) levantamento bibliográfico de caráter teórico e empírico da temática; ii) levantamento documental acerca das práticas de planejamento e intervenção dos períodos destacados com base em legislação, planos e projetos de cada um dos períodos; iii) coleta de iconografia representativa da época as quais as políticas foram executadas. Apresenta-se como resultados a hipótese de que a narrativa de uma pretensa ausência de planejamento como fator explicativo dos problemas da cidade é um discurso que não tem base na realidade, posto que historicamente é exatamente o oposto que a pesquisa indica, as modalidades de planejamento efetivadas em Belém acentuam problemas como a segregação socioespacial.Palavras-Chave: História, Planejamento Urbano, Modernidade, Belém.AbstractConsidering the dynamics and urban structure of Belém at the beginning of the 21st Century as an expression of the accumulation of urban interventions and planning and management practices of the city, the historical genealogy of urban planning is analyzed as a way of understanding production of a space that has as characteristic the negation of the nature and the production of the inequality between social classes. In this aspect, three specific periods were identified that produced significant impacts on the production of the urban space of Belém: the third quarter of the seventeenth century (1755 - 1777) with the reforms promoted in the Pombaline period in the Amazon, a time of expression of an urban and architectural design; the end of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century (1890 - 1910), a time of great rise of the regional economy from the intensification of extractive activities that produced urban reforms with hygienic tones; and finally, the period between 1940 and 1970, which marked a series of planning proposals with a bureaucratic technical aproach in the production of space in Belém. This work established as following research methodology: i) survey bibliographical of theoretical and empirical character of the analyzed subject; ii) documentary survey of the planning and intervention practices of the highlighted periods based on municipal, state and federal legislation, as well as the master plans and development plans of the periods; iii) collection of iconography representative of the time to which the policies were executed in the urban space. The hypothesis is that the narrative of a supposed absence of planning as a factor of the city's problems is a discourse that has no basis in reality, since historically it is exactly the opposite that the research indicates, that is, the modalities in Belém accentuate problems such as socio-spatial segregation.Keywords: History, Urban Planning, Modernity, Belém.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (40) ◽  
pp. 617-656
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Mahan ◽  
Ghassan Muslim Hamza

       Babylon during Nebuchadnezzar II (604-562 BC) was a great city. It had been a large city since Old Babylonian times, but Nebuchadnezzar’s expansion of the city and large-scale rebuilding of important buildings with good baked brick instead of the traditional unbaked mudbrick created something exceptional. Babylon now was larger than Nineveh had been and larger than any of the cities in the known world. The political and economic base for this development was of course that it was the centre of the Neo-Babylonian empire created by Nebuchadnezzar’s father Nabopolassar (625–605 BC) and succeeding the Neo Assyrian empire as the main political entity in the Middle East.         An attempt for the first time to bring together the main results of the German excavations in Babylon with the main results from the Iraqi excavations there and thereby make use of the available cuneiform documentation and a selected use of the best of the classical tradition. With the help of a GIS software (QGIS) and a BIM program (ArchiCAD) the use of satellite images and aerial photos combined with inspection on the site, the historical development of the site has been studied and a digital research model of Babylon for different periods of the city’s history has been created.          Only main buildings and constructions have been considered and placed in the appropriate historical and archaeological context. Part 1 includes some information about the historical development of buildings and nature in Babylon, the rivers and groundwater in Baybylon, as well as basics about the building materials used in Babylon. Part 2 discuss the city walls and city gates, introductory matters about the history, excavation and other documentations of the walls and gates. The chapter also includes presentation of the walls and gates during Nabopolassar followed by a detailed discussion of the walls and gates during Nebuchadnezzar. The Ištar gate and the area around it with the different levels and the upper level glazed decoration have been treated separately. Detailed interpretations about the palaces, development of the main traditional South Palace and the new constructed North are discussed in part 3. Reasonable suggestions for the Hanging Gardens in the North Palace have be provided.          The temples are discussed in part 4 detailing the Marduk temple and the zikkurrat. The historical development of the four temples reconstructed on the site in Babylon on their old foundations, i.e. Nabû, Ištar, Ašratum, and Ninmaḫ temples, is discussed with indication which levels have been used for the reconstructions. The historical development of the other excavated temples, i.e. the Ninurta and Išḫara temples, are discussed in a similar way. Attention will be paid to the remains of wall decorations in the temples.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
K. Didenko

The article describes the origin and formation of the «Dipromisto» Institute. The peculiarities of the project approach and methodological findings of the institute at the beginning of 1930s are considered.. The realism and pragmatism of Ukrainian specialists in the field of urban planning are noted. A necessary component in the devel-opment of the master plan of the new city, or the reconstruction of the existing one, was the technical and econom-ic studying of the city and more detailed analytical work. Only after that the sketch project was made and devel-opment of the final project of planning and drawing up in detail of the partial project of planning of the first turn was carried out. The Institute's development has consistently attempted to make the city aware and practical, not only as a supplement to industrial production, but as a self-sufficient facility designed to ensure all aspects of people's lives. The same approach was used in the process of developing the master plan of Kharkov (1933-1938). Thanks to the Institute, several dozen master plans of cities and about a hundred master plans of industrial settlements of the Ukrainian SSR were designed, and a master plan of Kharkov was developed. The school of complex urban planning was formed thanks to the work of many talented specialists: O. Eingorn, G. Sheleikhovsky and P. Alyoshin, as well as D. Bogorad, M. Davidovich, I. Malozyomov, O. Marzeev, P. Khaustov and other specialists. Eingorn was the undisputed ideological leader of the Institute. Thanks to his leadership, a methodology for designing cities was developed. First of all, the design process was divided into four stages: technical and eco-nomic studying of the city; drawing up a draft planning plan; development of the final planning project; drawing up a detailed partial draft of the first stage planning. Eingorn paid great attention to the architecture of the city and work with the landscape and another important implementation of O. Eingorn is a reorganization of the de-sign process and the work of the architect-designer and associates. Another prominent specialist – G. Sheleikhovsky. He co-authored and engineered and designed two large ur-ban projects, the master plan of Kharkiv and Big Zaporizhia. He was also a scientist who laid the foundations of urban climatology, which in the 1930s was just beginning to develop. Keywords: Dipromisto Institute, school of urban planning, Soviet urban planning, urban planning of the Ukrainian SSR, Kharkiv metropolitan period.


Sociologija ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-166
Author(s):  
Sreten Vujovic

Based on the analyses of sociologists, historians, economists, demographers, anthropologists, and based on author?s own research, the aim of the paper is to point to the complex and dynamic sociospatial identity of contemporary Belgrade in the context of urban and regional development of post-socialist Serbia. The analytical framework includes, first of all, the definition of the city?s identity in terms of self-awareness of a city as sociospatial collectivity, which historically originates and develops in dependency which the city and the individuals in it establish in relationships with other cities. It then cites the various concepts by means of which identity of the modern city is constructed: the entrepreneurial city (Harvey), the creative city (Florida and Landry), the exciting city (Richards and Palmer), the city as a text (Radovic), a competitive identity of the city (Anholt) and so on. In particular, Belgradization as a process of concentration of money and power in the capital is analyzed and it is concluded that the network of Serbian cities is pyramidal, that the regionalization of Serbia is asymmetric, and that Belgrade is a primate city, too big and too powerful for Serbia i.e. that Belgradization increases regional imbalance in Serbia. The paper concludes with an optimistic assessment that Belgrade, despite numerous problems in its development, has the potential to become the ?European Capital of Culture? in 2020.


Author(s):  
Daryono Soebagiyo

Regional Competitiveness be one of the issues in regional development policy since the enactment of regional autonomy. Based on the results of the efficiency analysis found 11 areas of the city and district have the efficiency and 4 districts do not have the efficiency. Regional Competitiveness in Central Java based Comparative Advantage and Competitive known regions that have a high comparative and competitive advantages consist of 4 areas. Regional Mapping Based on Efficiency and Productivity Local known areas that have high efficiency and productivity which consists of 4 areas. Based Competitive Advantage Regional Productivity is high and not found. Under the Regional Competitiveness and Regional Productivity high was not found. Based on Comparative Advantage and Regional Development area there are 4 high. Based Competitive Advantage and Regional Development of high there are 2 areas. Based on Regional Productivity and Regional Development of high there are 2 counties and cities


ZARCH ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Tiago Lopes Dias ◽  
Rui Jorge Garcia Ramos

Modern Portuguese architecture has been seen as the result of an eminently empirical and intuitive practice, dissociated from any effort of theoretical structuring. This paper intends to contradict that predominant view, presenting the notion of spatial limit as a subject that earned particular consideration from a younger, more critical and intellectually demanding generation of architects. Firstly, it introduces two notions directly related to limit - ‘extensions of the dwelling’ and ‘transition-space’ - presented in theses by Nuno Portas (b. 1934) and Pedro Vieira de Almeida (1933-2011) respectively, two highly innovative works in the academic panorama of early 1960s. Next, it focuses on the fundamental role each of the notions taken in investigative works that are parallel in time but substantially different. The first, Habitação evolutiva, is a typological study reflecting the spirit of its time by claiming the ‘right to the city’ as the founding principle of a model critical of CIAM urbanism. The second is an essay stemming from a critical reflexion on the work of an eclectic architect that eludes categorization (Raul Lino, 1879-1974) which sheds light on the need for a critical approach to the history of modern architecture.


The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between cultural landscape and architecture. The article considers the development of the city of Almaty since its Foundation as city in the context of relations between architecture and cultural landscape. The master plan is considered in different time periods, issues and problems of modern urbanisation of the city are identified, including the problem of taking into account regional identity in territorial planning.


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