scholarly journals Hydraulic Transients in Viscoelastic Pipeline System with Sudden Cross-Section Changes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4071
Author(s):  
Michał Kubrak ◽  
Agnieszka Malesińska ◽  
Apoloniusz Kodura ◽  
Kamil Urbanowicz ◽  
Michał Stosiak
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Hydraulic Transients ◽  
Single Pipe

It is well known that the water hammer phenomenon can lead to pipeline system failures. For this reason, there is an increased need for simulation of hydraulic transients. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are commonly used in various pressurised pipeline systems. Most studies have only focused on water hammer events in a single pipe. However, typical fluid distribution networks are composed of serially connected pipes with various inner diameters. The present paper aims to investigate the influence of sudden cross-section changes in an HDPE pipeline system on pressure oscillations during the water hammer phenomenon. Numerical and experimental studies have been conducted. In order to include the viscoelastic behaviour of the HDPE pipe wall, the generalised Kelvin–Voigt model was introduced into the continuity equation. Transient equations were numerically solved using the explicit MacCormack method. A numerical model that involves assigning two values of flow velocity to the connection node was used. The aim of the conducted experiments was to record pressure changes downstream of the pipeline system during valve-induced water hammer. In order to validate the numerical model, the simulation results were compared with experimental data. A satisfactory compliance between the results of the numerical calculations and laboratory data was obtained.

Water Hammer Simulation in a Steel Pipeline System with a Sudden Cross-section Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Malesinska ◽  
Michal Kubrak ◽  
Mariusz Rogulski ◽  
Pierfabrizio Puntorieri ◽  
Vincenzo Fiamma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Transient Wave ◽  
Pressure Oscillations ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Cross Section Change

Abstract Contractions and expansions are common features in various types of pipeline systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of a sudden cross-section change on transient pressure waves. The paper presents laboratory data and numerical calculations of pressure oscillations during the valve-induced water hammer in serially connected steel pipes. Five different variants of experiments were conducted which included recording pressure changes at the downstream end of the pipeline system. The more sections with different diameters there are connected in series, the more complex the transient wave recorded is. Laboratory data indicate a significant influence of individual pipeline sections on the final course of pressure oscillations. Transient equations were solved using the explicit MacCormack scheme. In order to numerically simulate water hammer in pipe series, the improved junction boundary condition was established. It involves assigning two sets of values, which describe flow parameters, to the connection node thus causing it to act as two separate nodes. The numerical model was calibrated with the unsteady friction factor. The derivation of equations that take into account a sudden change in diameter in the connected pipes allowed the reproduction of the wave nature of the water hammer phenomenon, results were satisfactory as compared to experimental data. Numerical model correctly reproduced pressure wave interactions and pressure amplitudes.

Influence of Successive Load Rejections on Water Hammer Pressure of Spiral Case in Long Diversion-Type Hydropower Station

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Yu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Cheng Yu Fan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Hydropower Station ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Surge Tank ◽  
Hydraulic Transients ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Spiral Case

Based on the theory of hydraulic transients and method of characteristics (MOC), the numerical model of hydraulic transients in water way system was established using the data of a practical hydropower station, and the probable transients were simulated. The influence of successive load rejection conditions on water hammer pressure of spiral case was analyzed. Compared with simultaneous load rejection, successive load rejection can make maximum pressure in spiral case and maximum rotating speed of runner more serious if the bifurcated pipe converging under surge tank in diversion-type hydropower station.

Experimental Studies Of Multilayer Glass Structures On Compression, Compression With Bending And Simple Bending

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Experimental Values

The work of multilayer glass structures for central and eccentric compression and bending are considered. The substantiation of the chosen research topic is made. The description and features of laminated glass for the structures investigated, their characteristics are presented. The analysis of the results obtained when testing for compression, compression with bending, simple bending of models of columns, beams, samples of laminated glass was made. Overview of the types and nature of destruction of the models are presented, diagrams of material operation are constructed, average values of the resistance of the cross-sections of samples are obtained, the table of destructive loads is generated. The need for development of a set of rules and guidelines for the design of glass structures, including laminated glass, for bearing elements, as well as standards for testing, rules for assessing the strength, stiffness, crack resistance and methods for determining the strength of control samples is emphasized. It is established that the strength properties of glass depend on the type of applied load and vary widely, and significantly lower than the corresponding normative values of the strength of heat-strengthened glass. The effect of the connecting polymeric material and manufacturing technology of laminated glass on the strength of the structure is also shown. The experimental values of the elastic modulus are different in different directions of the cross section and in the direction perpendicular to the glass layers are two times less than along the glass layers.

scholarly journals Photoionization Cross-Sections of Carbon-Like N+ Near the K-Edge (390–440 eV)

Atoms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Mosnier ◽  
Eugene T. Kennedy ◽  
Jean-Marc Bizau ◽  
Denis Cubaynes ◽  
Ségolène Guilbaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Photoionization Cross Section ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Rydberg Series ◽  
R Matrix ◽  
Resonance Strengths ◽  
Nitrogen Ion

High-resolution K-shell photoionization cross-sections for the C-like atomic nitrogen ion (N+) are reported in the 398 eV (31.15 Å) to 450 eV (27.55 Å) energy (wavelength) range. The results were obtained from absolute ion-yield measurements using the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility for spectral bandpasses of 65 meV or 250 meV. In the photon energy region 398–403 eV, 1s⟶2p autoionizing resonance states dominated the cross section spectrum. Analyses of the experimental profiles yielded resonance strengths and Auger widths. In the 415–440 eV photon region 1s⟶(1s2s22p2 4P)np and 1s⟶(1s2s22p2 2P)np resonances forming well-developed Rydberg series up n=7 and n=8 , respectively, were identified in both the single and double ionization spectra. Theoretical photoionization cross-section calculations, performed using the R-matrix plus pseudo-states (RMPS) method and the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) approach were bench marked against these high-resolution experimental results. Comparison of the state-of-the-art theoretical work with the experimental studies allowed the identification of new resonance features. Resonance strengths, energies and Auger widths (where available) are compared quantitatively with the theoretical values. Contributions from excited metastable states of the N+ ions were carefully considered throughout.

scholarly journals Extracting Hypernuclear Properties from the (e, e′K+) Cross Section

Particles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Omar Benhar
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Kaon Production ◽  
Many Body Theory ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
Dense Nuclear Matter ◽  
Proton Knockout ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Experimental studies of hypernuclear dynamics, besides being essential for the understanding of strong interactions in the strange sector, have important astrophysical implications. The observation of neutron stars with masses exceeding two solar masses poses a serious challenge to the models of hyperon dynamics in dense nuclear matter, many of which predict a maximum mass incompatible with the data. In this paper, it is argued that valuable new insight can be gained from the forthcoming extension of the experimental studies of kaon electro production from nuclei to include the 208Pb(e,e′K+)Λ208Tl process. A comprehensive framework for the description of kaon electro production, based on factorization of the nuclear cross section and the formalism of the nuclear many-body theory, is outlined. This approach highlights the connection between the kaon production and proton knockout reactions, which will allow us to exploit the available 208Pb(e,e′p)207Tl data to achieve a largely model-independent analysis of the measured cross section.

An investigation of effects of level density models and gamma ray strength functions on cross-section calculations for the production of 90Y, 153Sm, 169Er, 177Lu and 186Re therapeutic radioisotopes via (n,γ) reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Mert Şekerci ◽  
Hasan Özdoğan ◽  
Abdullah Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Production Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Level Density ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Level Density Models ◽  
Strength Functions ◽  
Cancer Diseases

Abstract One of the methods used to treat different cancer diseases is the employment of therapeutic radioisotopes. Therefore, many clinical, theoretical and experimental studies are being carried out on those radioisotopes. In this study, the effects of level density models and gamma ray strength functions on the theoretical production cross-section calculations for the therapeutic radioisotopes 90Y, 153Sm, 169Er, 177Lu and 186Re in the (n,γ) route have been investigated. TALYS 1.9 code has been used by employing different level density models and gamma ray strength functions. The theoretically obtained data were compared with the experimental data taken from the literature. The results are presented graphically for better interpretation.

Optimum Selection of Hydraulic Devices for Water Hammer Control in the Pipeline Systems Using Genetic Algorithm

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong Seong Jung ◽  
Bryan W. Karney
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Hydraulic Devices ◽  
Selection Of

Genetic algorithms have been used to solve many water distribution system optimization problems, but have generally been limited to steady state or quasi-steady state optimization. However, transient events within pipe system are inevitable and the effect of water hammer should not be overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the selection, sizing and placement of hydraulic devices in a pipeline system considering its transient response. A global optimal solution using genetic algorithm suggests optimal size, location and number of hydraulic devices to cope with water hammer. This study shows that the integration of a genetic algorithm code with a transient simulator can improve both the design and the response of a pipe network. This study also shows that the selection of optimum protection strategy is an integrated problem, involving consideration of loading condition, device and system characteristics, and protection strategy. Simpler transient control systems are often found to outperform more complex ones.

Expanding Polymer Injectivity Tests on a Second Giant Carbonate UAE Oil Reservoir at High Salinity & High Temperature Conditions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Baloch ◽  
J.M. Leon ◽  
S.K. Masalmeh ◽  
D. Chappell ◽  
J. Brodie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Solution Preparation

Abstract Over the last few years, ADNOC has systematically investigated a new polymer-based EOR scheme to improve sweep efficiency in high temperature and high salinity (HTHS) carbonate reservoirs in Abu Dhabi (Masalmeh et al., 2014). Consequently, ADNOC has developed a thorough de-risking program for the new EOR concept in these carbonate reservoirs. The de-risking program includes extensive laboratory experimental studies and field injectivity tests to ensure that the selected polymer can be propagated in the target reservoirs. A new polymer with high 2-acrylamido-tertiary-butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS) content was identified, based on extensive laboratory studies (Masalmeh, et al., 2019, Dupuis, et al., 2017, Jouenne 2020), and an initial polymer injectivity test (PIT) was conducted in 2019 at 250°F and salinity >200,000 ppm, with low H2S content (Rachapudi, et al., 2020, Leon and Masalmeh, 2021). The next step for ADNOC was to extend polymer application to harsher field conditions, including higher H2S content. Accordingly, a PIT was designed in preparation for a multi-well pilot This paper presents ADNOC's follow-up PIT, which expands the envelope of polymer flooding to dissolve H2S concentrations of 20 - 40 ppm to confirm injectivity at representative field conditions and in situ polymer performance. The PIT was executed over five months, from February 2021 to July 2021, followed by a chase water flood that will run until December 2021. A total of 108,392 barrels of polymer solution were successfully injected during the PIT. The extensive dataset acquired was used to assess injectivity and in-depth mobility reduction associated with the new polymer. Preliminary results from the PIT suggest that all key performance indicators have been achieved, with a predictable viscosity yield and good injectivity at target rates, consistent with the laboratory data. The use of a down-hole shut-in tool (DHSIT) to acquire pressure fall-off (PFO) data clarified the near-wellbore behaviour of the polymer and allowed optimisation of the PIT programme. This paper assesses the importance of water quality on polymer solution preparation and injection performance and reviews operational data acquired during the testing period. Polymer properties determined during the PIT will be used to optimise field and sector models and will facilitate the evaluation of polymer EOR in other giant, heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, leading to improved recovery in ADNOC and Middle East reservoirs.

Diagnostic Results of Current Distribution Injected Water Flow in the Productive Formation for Neft Dashlary Oilfield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khidir Mansum Ibragimov ◽  
Nahide Ismat Huseinova ◽  
Aliabas Alipasha Gadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Current Distribution ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Hydrodynamic Parameters ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Oil Field Development ◽  
Gas Fields

Abstract For controlling the oil field development proposed an economically efficient express calculation and visualization method of the hydrodynamic parameters current values distribution in the productive formation. The presented report shows the results of applying this technique for determining the injected water propagation direction into the productive formation (X horizon) at the «Neft Dashlary» field. Based on the calculated results, the current distribution of the injected water was visualized in the selected section of the formation. High accuracy of the calculation was confirmed by comparing obtained results with the results of a simultaneous tracer study conducted in the field conditions. During tracer studies it was tested a new tracer material, more effective than its analogs. According to laboratory and experimental studies, the addition of 0.003% of this indicator substance to the volume of injected water is the optimal amount for its recognition in the well's product. At the allocated area of the "Neft Dashlari" field, the benefits from the use of the calculation method amounted to 62.9 thousand manats. Based on the obtained satisfying results of the new method for calculating hydrodynamic parameters and the use of a tracer indicator application at the «Neft Dashlary» oilfield, it is recommended to apply these developments in other oil and gas fields for mass diagnostic of the reservoir fluid distribution in a selected area of productive formations.

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